农民专业合作社财务管理系统应用的影响因素及改善策略——以江苏省为例

农民专业合作社财务管理系统应用的推广,对提升农民专业合作社的财务管理信息化和规范化具有重要意义。基于江苏省农民专业合作社的调研数据,运用因子分析法和因子评点法,分析农民专业合作社财务管理系统的应用现状,探讨影响农民专业合作社的财务管理系统应用的主要因素。结果表明,与财务人员和农民专业合作社负责人相关特性、财务管理系统的一些特征以及农民专业合作社的经营情况等都是影响财务管理系统应用的主要因素;其中财务管理系统使用便捷及售后服务对财务管理系统应用的影响度最大,而农民专业合作社的财务人员的基本素质对财务管理系统应用的影响度最小。每个合作社的财务管理系统应用水平受到合作社经营情况、财务人员和合作社负责人等7个主要因素的影响不同,因此,针对不同农民专业合作社提出转变经营管理理念、壮大经营规模以及加大资金投入等相关改善策略。     

胎次和泌乳阶段对奶牛体细胞数和乳损失量的影响

通过奶牛生产性能（dairy herd improvement,DHI）测定体细胞数,探究奶牛的胎次及其不同泌乳阶段对其乳体细胞数（somatic cell count,SCC）和乳损失量的影响。通过对某养殖场泌乳期奶牛DHI的测定进行分析,结果表明：体细胞评分（somatic cell score,SCS）随奶牛胎次的增加而增加,但SCS在不同胎次的不同泌乳阶段表现有所不同。一胎牛SCS随着泌乳期的延长而增加,前期、中期与后期的SCS呈显著性差异（P＜0.05）;二胎牛与三胎牛SCS呈现相同变化规律,泌乳前期的SCS较泌乳中期高,而泌乳后期SCS显著高于前2个泌乳阶段（P＜0.05）。乳损失量随胎次的增加整体呈现增加趋势,且泌乳早期和泌乳后期乳损失量高于泌乳中期。     

欣普贝生与地西泮联合用于足月引产5O例临床观察

目的探讨欣普贝生联合地西泮静脉推注用于足月妊娠引产的临床效果及母婴安全性。方法采用随机对照前瞻性研究方法,对正常单胎头位初产妇足月妊娠。宫颈评分小于6分,无瘢痕子宫,具有引产指征而无使用前列腺素禁忌症的孕妇100例,随机分成观察组50例和对照组50例,观察组阴道放人欣普贝生,有不规律宫缩时静推地西泮10mg,对照组阴道放人欣普贝生,用药12h观察用药前后宫颈Bishop评分变化及用药至分娩时问、阴道分娩率、剖宫产率、总产程、产后24h出血量和新生儿体重、Apgar评分及出现子宫过度刺激等情况的差异。结果观察组用药促宫颈成熟有效率（98％）明显高于对照组（72％）（P〈0．05）;观察组总产程平均为468min,阴道分娩成功率占82％,对照组总产程平均648min,阴道分娩成功率66％,两组差异有显著性（P〈0．05）;产后出血量、新生儿Apgar评分、新生儿体重两组差异无显著性。结论欣普贝生联合应用地西泮对足月妊娠引产安全有效。     

碳纤维复合芯导线的性能与应用研究

阐述碳纤维复合芯导线（ACCC）的基本结构,将ACCC与传统钢芯铝绞线（ACSR）在结构、材料性能、弧垂-温升曲线、安装曲线方面进行对比。结果表明,ACCC铝线截面积、最高工作温度、载流量均高于ACSR,在工程中应用ACCC可有效提高线路的送电能力。     

Assessment of pearl millet vs rice based diets for bioavailability of four trace metals

Cereals including millets are consumed in India as a staple with wide variety of pulses and vegetables in varying proportions. Trace mineral contents of pearl millet are two to ten times higher than that of rice. Comparative performance of pearl millet based (PM) diets as against rice based (RB) diets in terms of trace mineral bioavailability was studied, based on the prevailing dietary patterns in India. In vitro percent dialysability of zinc, iron, copper and manganese under simulated gastrointestinal conditions was considered as indicator of metal bioavailability. Dialysable zinc and iron were estimated using 65 Zn and 59 Fe as tracers, while dialysable copper and manganese were measured by Atomic absorption spectrophotometer for 20 food items and 15 RB and 17 PM diets prepared from these items. Results indicated that percent dialysability of zinc and copper was higher for RB diets than PM diets, while that of iron and manganese were comparable. Total dialysable iron, copper and manganese in PM diet was 2 to 4 times higher than RB diet.     

Estimating potato crisp colour variability using image analysis and a quick visual method

Summary Image analysis gave better precision than colorimetry in measuring the darkening caused by excess free sugar during crisping of potatoes. The image analyser was used to measure individual crisp Average Optical Density (AOD) values in order to examine the variability of AOD within and between tubers. It is unnecessary to measure more than one crisp per tuber when assessing breeding lines, although two crisps per tuber are recommended for quality control. Crisps from at least ten tubers should be measured. A ‘Quick Crisp’ method, in which single crisps from each of four tubers are judged against standard samples, is reported. Regression of results from this method on crisp reflectance percentage (Agtron score) gaveR ² of 0.967. However, the observer tended to overestimate at low values and underestimate at high values. Over several trials, the crossover point varied from 15 to 50 Agtron score units. Measurement of crisp colour variability for improving selection, management and purchasing decisions is discussed.     

Lodging-related morphological traits of hybrid rice in a tropical irrigated ecosystem

Hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been proven to be effective in increasing yield potential, but lodging often limits its yield in high-yielding environments. This study was conducted to determine genotypic variation in lodging resistance and lodging-related morphological traits among hybrid and non-hybrid check varieties, and to identify the key morphological traits associated with lodging resistance. Lodging behavior of 16 rice genotypes, including 12 hybrids and four inbreds, was studied at the International Rice Research Institute farm during the 2004 wet season (WS) and 2005 dry season (DS). Grain yield and visual score of lodging were determined at maturity. Lodging-related morphological traits were measured at 30 days after flowering. Large genotypic differences in lodging-related morphological traits were observed. Among these traits, dry weight per unit length, breaking resistance, and lodging index (bending moment/breaking resistance × 100) of lower internodes were significantly correlated with visual score of lodging. Several hybrids demonstrated high lodging resistance although their average plant height was over 120 cm. The lodging-related morphological traits and visual score of lodging in these hybrids were comparable with those of the non-hybrid check varieties with strong lodging resistance. These results suggest that increases in dry weight per unit length and breaking resistance of lower internodes are primary targets for reducing lodging index, thus improving overall lodging resistance of hybrid rice in a breeding program.     

Temperament and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function are related and combine to affect growth, efficiency, carcass, and meat quality traits in Brahman steers

Associations between temperament, stress physiology, and productivity were studied in yearling Brahman steers (n = 81). Steers differed in calpain system gene marker status; 41 were implanted with a hormonal growth promotant at feedlot entry. Temperament was assessed with repeated measurements of flight speed (FS) and crush score (CS) during 6 mo of backgrounding at pasture and 117 d of grain finishing. Adrenal responsiveness was assessed with ACTH challenge, with plasma samples collected immediately before and 60 min after challenge. Steers with higher FS and CS had higher prechallenge plasma cortisol, glucose, lactate, and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations. The ACTH-induced cortisol response was unrelated to FS or CS, but glucose remained higher after challenge in flightier steers. The hormonal growth promotant reduced adrenal responsiveness; tenderness genotype had no effect. When temperament assessments and cortisol concentrations before and after challenge were combined in a principal components analysis, four vectors accounting for 38%, 25%, 18%, and 9% of the variation were identified. The first vector had significant loadings on temperament and prechallenge cortisol; increasing scores were associated with increased plasma glucose, lactate, and nonesterified fatty acid and with reductions in BW and feedlot growth rates, carcass fatness, and muscle pH. The second vector loaded only on ACTH-induced cortisol response; increased scores related to increased residual feed intake, number of daily feed sessions, and meat marbling score. The third and fourth vectors had different loadings on FS and CS and appeared to identify different aspects of temperament measured by FS or CS. Fewer associations were found between the third or fourth vectors and productivity traits, possibly because of lower variance accounted for by these vectors. In conclusion, temperament was related to prechallenge cortisol but not to ACTH-induced cortisol response. Principal components analysis separated these traits into separate components, which in turn had different relations with productivity traits. The largest component of temperament was described similarly by FS and CS, but there were smaller components that these described differently. There were some temperament-related differences in the metabolic status of the steers which were not related to the variation in cortisol, suggesting involvement of the sympatho-adrenal-medullary axis in these temperament-related effects.     

Multi metric evaluation of leaf wetness models for large-area application of plant disease models

Leaf wetness (LW) is one of the most important input variables of disease simulation models because of its fundamental role in the development of the infection process of many fungal pathogens. The low reliability of LW sensors and/or their rare use in standard weather stations has led to an increasing demand for reliable models that are able to estimate LW from other meteorological variables. When working on large databases in which data are interpolated in grids starting from weather stations, LW estimation is often penalized by the lack of hourly inputs (e.g., air relative humidity and air temperature), leading researchers to generate such variables from the daily values of the available weather data.Although it is possible to find several papers about models for the estimation of LW, the behavior and reliability of these models were never assessed by running them with inputs at different time resolutions aiming at large-area applications. Furthermore, only a limited number of papers have assessed the suitability of different LW models when used to provide inputs to simulate the development of the infection process of fungal pathogens. In this paper, six LW models were compared using data collected at 12 sites across the U.S. and Italy between 2002 and 2008 using an integrated, multi metric and fuzzy-based expert system developed ad hoc. The models were evaluated for their capability to estimate LW and for their impact on the simulation of the infection process for three pathogens through the use of a potential infection model. This study indicated that some empirical LW models performed better than physically based LW models. The classification and regression tree (CART) model performed better than the other models in most of the conditions tested. Finally, the estimate of LW using hourly inputs from daily data led to a decline of the LW models performances, which should still be considered acceptable. However, this estimate may require further work in data collection and model evaluation for applications at finer spatial resolutions aimed at decision support systems.