外源性Vc对普安银鲫仔鱼抗氧化酶活性的影响

将维生素C添加到普安银鲫的孵化水体中,维生素C浓度设置为20、25、30和35 mg/L,记录孵化率及仔鱼存活率,测定各浓度组中普安银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)仔鱼发育过程中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性,研究维生素C(Vc)对普安银鲫仔鱼发育的影响。结果显示:SOD和CAT的活性随着普安银鲫仔鱼发育时间的延长而增加,而GSH-Px活性则随着发育时间的延长而降低;30 mg/L的Vc溶液能显著(P0.05)提高普安银鲫仔鱼SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活性,且SOD的活性在出膜72 h后开始显著降低(P0.05),而CAT和GSH-Px则无显著变化(P0.05)。结果表明:普安银鲫仔鱼中抗氧化作用以SOD和CAT为主;适宜浓度的Vc添加到普安银鲫的育苗水体中能提高仔鱼的抗氧化能力。     

鲤鱼血淋巴细胞培养及染色体制备条件探索

从鲤鱼侧线鳞处静脉采血于含有肝素的一次性注射器中，采用RPMI1640全培养基进行体外淋巴细胞培养。通过对采血后细胞培养时间、秋水仙素浓度及加入时间、低渗时间及温度等条件的摸索，建立了较成熟的培养鱼类血淋巴细胞的实验方法。     

Investigations on the digestibility and metabolizability of the major nutrients and energy of maize leaves and barnyard grass in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

In the uplands of northern Vietnam, culture of grass carp contributes significantly to income and household food security of Black Thai farmers. Maize is one of the most important upland crops and barnyard grass is the most important weed in the paddy rice fields. Thus, these are frequently used by small‐scale fish farmers as fish feed. An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted simultaneously in a recirculation and in a respirometric system to determine the digestibility and metabolizability of the nutrients of maize leaves and barnyard grass, to assess their crude protein, lipid and energy conversion and to estimate the energy allocation in grass carp. The following diets were used: diet ‘A’ (reference diet) containing 39% crude protein with 19.8 MJ kg^?1 gross energy; diets ‘B’, ‘C’ and ‘D’, which contained the same amount of the reference diet as the control diet, supplemented with a known amount of dried barnyard grass, dried maize leaves or fresh maize leaves, respectively. Five fish were assigned to each treatment in each experimental unit. Reference and test diets were fed to fish and faecal samples were collected and the oxygen consumption was measured in order to set up an energy budget of the fish over the whole experimental period. The weekly development of the body weight was recorded. The body weight gain of the fish fed diet D was significantly higher than that of the group fed diet A, which also in turn was significantly higher than that of fish fed diet B or C. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of nutrients and gross energy for the different experimental diets in fish kept in the aquaria were, for diets A, B, C and D respectively, 94.1%, 60.9%, 70.5% and 84.7% for protein, 91.3%, 60.7%, 76.8% and 71.8% for lipid; 95.9%, 44.5%, 60.6% and 69.1% for gross energy. The partial ADC of plant leaf ingredients were determined and barnyard grass and dried maize leaves were found to be not only poorly digestible but having negative impact on the digestibility of the reference diet, while fresh maize leaves were well digested. The results of the present study indicated that fresh maize leaves have a good potential to be used as supplement in diets for grass carp.     

苏云金芽孢杆菌对黄河鲤血液免疫效果研究

研究了苏云金芽孢杆菌对黄河鲤血液免疫应答的影响.将苏云金芽孢杆菌按1.0×10~(11)、3.0×10~(11)、5.0×10~(11) cfu/kg 3个浓度添加在鱼用全价颗粒饲料中,投喂经嗜水气单胞菌疫苗免疫组(A_0～A_3)和未免疫组(B_0～B_3)黄河鲤,分别于0、15、30、40 d时检测各组黄河鲤白细胞吞噬活性、血清溶菌酶活性以及血清凝集抗体效价,并进行攻毒试验.结果表明:添加苏云金芽孢杆菌可使黄河鲤血液中白细胞吞噬活性和血清溶菌酶活性显著提高.添加组与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),添加浓度越高,血液白细胞活性和溶菌酶活性越强.免疫组与未免疫组白细胞吞噬活性差异不显著(P>0.05),而溶菌酶活性差异显著(P<0.05).在停止投喂后10 d,白细胞活性、血清溶菌酶活性逐渐下降,但差异不显著(P>0.05).添加苏云金芽孢杆菌还可提高黄河鲤的凝集抗体效价及攻毒后的存活率,其中,当菌株添加浓度为5.0×10~(11) cfu/kg时,受免疫的黄河鲤免疫保护率最高.即投喂苏云金芽孢杆菌对黄河鲤血液免疫应答有明显促进作用.     

鲢鳙占优势的千岛湖浮游动物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的相关性

为了解以鲢鳙占优势的千岛湖中浮游动物群落结构特征以及与水温、溶解氧等环境因子的关系,采用方差分析、典范对应分析等方法,对千岛湖河流区、过渡区、湖泊区3个地区的浮游动物种类、数量以及环境因子的月变化特征进行了调查。结果表明:2007—2008年,共鉴定出浮游动物115种,其中原生动物16种、轮虫51种、枝角类23种、桡足类25种。浮游动物密度在春季(2007年:840.9/L,2008年:850.5/L)形成高峰;生物量在春季(2007年:1.89mg/L,2008年:0.837 mg/L)和秋季(2007年:1.63 mg/L,2008年:0.802 mg/L)形成双高峰;现存量从河流区至湖泊区依次递减。河流区和过渡区的浮游动物密度均于4 m水层达最大值,湖泊区于8 m水层达到最大值。各位点4～12 m水层的大型浮游甲壳动物优势种透明溞、蚤状溞、球状许水蚤等和小型浮游甲壳动物优势种长额象鼻溞、颈沟基合溞、台湾温剑水蚤等的生物量较高。原生动物、桡足类生物量与溶解氧显著正相关;轮虫、枝角类生物量与总氮、硝态氮、浮游植物生物量极显著正相关。典范对应分析(CCA)表明,溶解氧、温度、总氮、总磷、硝态氮是影响浮游动物时空分布的主要因子。透明溞在2—6月份主要受到以浮游植物为食物的上行效应的影响较大,而其他月份主要受水温的影响较大。     

Technical efficiency of carp production in Nepal: An application of stochastic frontier production function approach*

Abstract

Modern aquaculture is a relatively new activity among Nepalese farmers and a small contributor to the economy. Given the abundance of water resources and fish species, rising demand for fish, and its high profitability, aquaculture has potential for future expansion if it is given appropriate attention from the government. In Nepal, productivity in aquaculture is much lower compared to other countries in the region, which suggests that there is potential for increased fish production through technological progress and improvement in farm‐level technical efficiency. However, no formal analysis has yet been conducted to assess the productive performance of Nepalese aquaculture and its potential for future improvement. Against this background, this paper examines the technical efficiency and its determinants for a sample of fish pond farms from the Tarai region of the country using a stochastic production frontier involving a model for technical inefficiency effects. The estimated mean technical efficiency is 77%, with intensive farms being more efficient than extensive farms. The adoption of regular fish, water, and feed management activities has a strong positive effect on technical efficiency.     

用IGF—ⅠmRNA表达量评价鲮饲料配方效果的研究

试验以秘鲁鱼粉为饲料蛋白源,研究4种蛋白水平（21．5％、32．2％、42．5％和51．6％）的饲料对鲮（Cirrhinus molitorella）生长、消化酶活性及类胰岛素生长因子（IGF—Ⅰ）mRNA表达水平的影响。经过8周的养殖试验,不同饲料蛋白水平下,蛋白酶活性与特定生长率（SGR）成极显著的正相关性（P〈0．01）;鲮肝组织中IGF—ⅠmRNA的表达量与特定生长率成极显著正相关性（P〈0．01）;鲮肝组织IGF—ⅠmRNA的表达量与蛋白酶活性也成极显著正相关性（P〈0．01）。结果表明,用鲮肝组织IGF—ⅠmRNA的表达量可以快速鉴定饲料的质量。     

鲤IGF-Ⅰ基因2个高度多态微卫星位点的鉴定及其与生长相关性状的关联分析

利用PCR结合测序方法,在鲤(Cyprinus carpio)类胰岛素生长因子-Ⅰ(insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ,IGF-Ⅰ)基因内含子1和内含子2中各鉴定1个微卫星多态性位点,分别命名为intron1189和intron2310,这两个位点均以4碱基为重复单元.以黑龙江鲤(Cyprinus cario haematopterus,YL)(n=263)、德国镜鲤选育系(Cyprinus carpio L.mirror,JL)(n=229),及荷包红鲤抗寒品系(Cyprinus carpio var.wuyuanensis,HL)(n=255)为研究对象,评估了这两个位点不同基因型(频率＞3％)与鲤4个生长时段(135 d、325 d、335 d和445 d)生长表型的关联.结果显示,2个位点在3个鲤群体中均表现为高度多态(PIC＞0.5).intron1189位点多态性主要对YL的135 d、325 d体长和325 d、385 d体质量有显著影响(P＜0.05),而intron2 310位点多态性对JL各检测时段的体长和体质量均有显著影响(P＜0.05).对不同基因型个体的体长和体质量性状进行多重比较,结果显示,在intron 1189位点,185/229基因型YL的135 d、325 d体长和325 d、385 d体质量最低,而205/221基因型YL的135 d、325 d体长和325 d体质量最高.在mtron2310位点,290/350基因型JL在各检测时段的体长及135 d、325 d、385 d体质量最低,而318/350基因型JL的135 d、325 d、385 d体长和体质量均为最高.上述结果表明,鲤IGF-Ⅰ基因内含子中的这两个高度多态微卫星位点潜在影响鲤的生长性能.     

牛磺酸对鲤鱼诱食活性的初步研究

用牛磺酸作为诱食剂,以0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%的剂量将牛磺酸添加到基础饵料中,以基础饵料为对照,以鲤鱼为对象进行诱食活性试验,用one-way ANOVA检验统计分析,结果表明:牛磺酸对鲤鱼有明显的诱食作用,其中0.4%组诱食效果最佳,极显著地高于对照组(P<0.01)。     

鲤鱼种间、种内杂交中杂种优势强度表现的某些规律的初步研究

从1986年至1990年于我所松浦试验场,用黑龙江野鲤、荷包红鲤、兴国红鲤、红镜鲤、散鳞镜鲤、德国镜鲤和柏氏鲤进行了种间、种内14个组合的杂交,系统观察了不同组合亲本和杂种F_1在鳞被、体色、体型、生长、成活率、抗寒力、抗病力和起捕率等8个性状的遗传传递规律及其杂种优势强度,结果是.(1)鲤鱼种内异源杂交几乎所有的杂交组合的杂种F_1都表现出生长优势和对环境抗性的增强,其大小随亲本的亲缘远近和鳞被、体色、体型等性状间的差异而不同。一般品系间杂交,杂种生长的优势率在10％左右;品种间杂交,单交种的生长优势率在15—30％,三杂交种的生长优势率在30％以上。在抗寒、抗病、成活率等抗性上,表现出受其中一个亲本的影响,且有明显的母本效应,并可遗传传递给杂种后代。鳞被、体色、体型的基因效应,对杂种的生长有明显的促进作用。(2)鲤鱼种间杂交几乎不表现杂种优势,其特点:是柏氏鲤和黑龙江野鲤两个野生种间杂交,成活率、抗寒力强烈的表现不亲和性;而柏氏鲤与家养种间的杂交,表现一定的亲和性。亲本和杂种F_1的鳞被、体色仍表现显隐性关系,而体型、抗寒、抗病、成活率、起捕率等受柏氏鲤种质的强烈影响。获得抗寒力的杂种,在第二代时抗寒力明显消失,说明基因转移和整合的不稳定性。用柏氏鲤与散鳞镜鲤杂交的杂种F_1与另一抗寒很强的杂种F_1(黑龙江野鲤♀×红镜鲤♂)的双杂交种F_1,抗寒明显增强。