福瑞鲤2号不同生长速率个体肌肉组织转录组分析

鱼类通过选育获得优良生长性状的遗传分子机制 目前尚不清楚.实验分析比较了 2种不同生长速率福瑞鲤2号肌肉组织的转录组文库.组装后共获得3 92 23 8条测序序列(contigs).其中可比对上斑马鱼、弓斑东方鲀、青鳉、三刺鱼、尼罗罗非鱼和松浦镜鲤的蛋白序列的比例为56.01％～77.71％.2种不同生长速率福瑞鲤2号...     

辽宁海洋牧场建设的金融投入研究

辽宁省海洋资源丰富,渔业产业基础雄厚,具有发展海洋牧场的巨大潜力。辽宁海洋牧场的技术密集型和资金密集型特征,需要构建有力、有效的金融服务体系。为此,需要发挥政策金融的引领作用,突出商业金融的中坚作用,注重合作金融的普惠作用,形成整体合力。     

稻渔综合种养技术研究进展

稻渔综合种养可使农业从单一经营转变为复合经营,从平面生产转变为立体生产,是农业转方式、调结构的重要发展方向。为进一步促进稻渔综合种养研究的深入开展和稻渔综合种养模式的推广应用,综述了中国稻渔综合种养技术的发展概况,阐明了稻渔综合种养模式的增产增效作用及与之配套的稻田工程技术、安全植保技术、安全施肥技术、鱼病防治技术、水质管理技术的实施过程,指出了稻渔综合种养模式对产业的支撑作用,展望了稻渔综合种养模式的发展前景,并提出了稻渔综合种养模式的重点研究方向。     

山西普通菜豆初级核心种质农艺性状遗传多样性研究

本研究通过对152份山西省普通菜豆初级核心种质进行农艺性状鉴定及农艺性状多样性分析,旨在明确山西省普通菜豆种质资源的主要类型,各类型及性状的主要农艺性状特征及多样性特点。通过在田间进行农艺性状鉴定,同时利用表型数据,采用聚类分析、多样性分析和主成分分析法,确定了山西省普通菜豆种质资源的主要类型,各类型和各性状的农艺性状特征和多样性特点以及24个表型性状所属的主成分。结果表明山西普通菜豆初级核心种质可划分为5种类型。从各分组多样性来看,半蔓+蔓生-紫茎紫花型和蔓生-籽粒斑纹型多样性指数I最高,而直立型资源多样性指数I最低,从各性状多样性来看,质量性状多样性总体低于数量性状,但粒色则表现出明显丰富的多样性。通过主成分分析,将普通菜豆23个农艺性状归属为7个主成分,初步明确了各主成分代表的农艺性状;通过上述研究,明确了山西普通菜豆主要类型、多样性特征和各主成分代表的主要农艺性状,可为资源鉴定评价提供综合性状指标。     

政府与职业农民的人力资本投资决策行为分析——基于职业农民职业培训视角

结合职业农民职业培训的准公共产品属性,分析影响职业农民个体培训投资决策的主要因素。基于此,从政府与职业农民两个角度对人力资本投资决策行为进行分析,并提出对策建议,以期为相关研究提供借鉴。     

丹东市发展油用牡丹产业的可行性及对策分析

我国食用油市场需求巨大,油用牡丹具有高产出、高含油率、高品质、低投入的特点,为弥补食用油市场缺口,国家出台了相关政策大力支持油用牡丹产业的发展。该研究分析了丹东市发展油用牡丹产业的可行性及存在的问题,丹东市气候适宜,宜栽林地资源丰富,劳动力成本低,科研力量雄厚,发展油用牡丹产业符合当地当地特色农业发展趋势,具有良好的可行性;但相关技术及人才缺乏,农民对油用牡丹的认知度不高,资金投入和优质种苗短缺,缺乏相关产品深加工企业。对此,提出了因地制宜科学规划、积极宣传提高认知度、加大科技投入、培育种植及深加工龙头企业等促进丹东市油用牡丹产业发展的对策。     

Biomass management targets and the conservation and economic benefits of marine reserves

The establishment of no‐take marine reserves has been increasingly promoted as a key measure to achieve conservation and sustainability goals in fisheries. Regardless of the wide range of benefits cited, the effectiveness of reserve establishment depends critically on fisheries management outside the reserves. We construct a bioeconomic model of a fishery that allows for the establishment of a no‐take marine reserve and evaluate how the choice of the off‐reserve management target influences the effectiveness of reserve establishment. We evaluate two biomass targets: (i) B_MSY or the biomass that produces the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and (ii) B_MEY or the biomass that maximizes the net present value of the returns to fishing. The parameterized model shows that, for a wide range of scenarios, the fishery will be better off in terms of both conservation and economic objectives when the no‐take reserve is established in conjunction with the B_MEY target rather than with the B_MSY target. Model results further show that the opportunity cost of securing additional fish biomass, in both deterministic and stochastic environments, is lower when the reserve size is increased under the B_MEY target. This finding is important because marine reserves have been established as a key measure to restore depleted fish stocks, and the results suggest that this objective can be achieved with lower economic costs in a B_MEY managed fishery.     

A qualitative risk-based assessment of impacts on marine habitats and harvested species for a data deficient wild capture fishery

Fisheries management in most areas of the world is concerned with the effects of resource exploitation on the broad marine environment that includes all major ecological components. However, all fisheries lack some information about many of these components particularly marine habitats and non-target species. Such data deficiencies make it difficult to identify priorities for management action. Qualitative ecological risk assessment is one tool that can be used by management to prioritise and evaluate management strategies. This paper demonstrates the mechanics of a qualitative ecological risk assessment applied to a currently operating data deficient commercial fishery. In particular, we demonstrate how the method applies to two distinct ecological components – marine habitats and harvested species – and shows how it contributed to the formation of management responses. The method combines biological and ecological information about each component with knowledge on the operations of the fishery. Using pre-defined decision rules and criteria the available information is used in a rigorous, transparent and repeatable manner. The paper demonstrates that the method can be used generally to apply to all ecological components of a marine fishery where data is deficient.     

笼养灰鹤越冬期行为活动的时间分配和活动节律

2003年11月～2004年2月,采用瞬时扫描取样法对哈尔滨动物园1对成年灰鹤的越冬行为进行观察,探讨冬季不同温度和不同天气条件下对灰鹤越冬行为的影响,并得出结论如下：笼养灰鹤越冬期行为时间分配比例依次为静栖26.92%、进食25.96%、瞭望18.74%、啄雪草13.32%、理羽6.66%、游走4.91%、呜叫2.48%、警戒1.07%和打斗0.34%;大雾时静栖、瞭望和进食行为与正常天气相似,最为突出的是游走行为明显增多,而啄雪草行为减少了近10%,从总体上看活动量比正常天气时增多。而在下雪时各行为所用时间都比较平均,和正常天气比差别都很大,只有瞭望所用时间相近。     

警惕麦瘟病全球扩散

麦瘟病是南美出现的一种新的小麦病害,流行区域包括巴西、阿根廷、玻利维亚和巴拉圭等热带和亚热带地区,可造成5%~100%的产量损失。气候是影响病害发生流行的主要因素,高温潮湿可导致麦瘟病大流行。麦瘟病的病原菌为Magnaporthe grisea,具有寄主专化性,来自不同寄主的M.grisea菌系对小麦的致病性有显著差异,同时在小麦品种和M.grisea菌系间存在明显的生理专化性。已报道的小麦抗麦瘟病基因有5个,分别是Rmg1、Rmg2、Rmg3、Rmg4和Rmg5。由于生产上尚无控制此病害的有效方法,故应加强研究,以阻止麦瘟病在全球的扩散和蔓延。