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131.
Summary The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is generally regarded as a poor N2 fixer. This study assessed the sources of N (fertilizer, soil, and fixed N), N partitioning and mobilization, and soil N balance under field conditions in an indeterminate-type climbing bean (P. vulgaris L. cv. Cipro) at the vegetative, early pod-filling, and physiological maturity stages, using the A-value approach. This involved the application of 10 and 100 kg N ha-1 of 15N-labelled ammonium sulphate to the climbing bean and a reference crop, maize (Zea mays L.). At the late pod-filling stage (75 days after planting) the climbing bean had accumulated 119 kg N ha-1, 84% being derived from fixation, 16% from soil, and only 0.2% from the 15N fertilizer. N2 fixation was generally high at all stages of plant growth, but the maximum fixation (74% of the total N2 fixed) occurred during the interval between early (55 days after planting) and late podfilling. The N2 fixed between 55 and 75 days after planting bas a major source (88%) of the N demand of the developing pod, and only about 11% was contributed from the soil. There was essentially no mobilization of N from the shoots or roots for pod development. The cultivation of common bean cultivars that maintain a high N2-fixing capacity especially during pod filling, satisfying almost all the N needs of the developing pod and thus requiring little or no mobilization of N from the shoots for pod development, may lead to a net positive soil N balance. 相似文献
132.
Wind erosion is not as significant or a widespread problem in Europe as in dryer parts of the world, but it can cause major damage in small areas. The hazard is greatest in the lowlands of northwestern Europe with more than 3 million ha at high-potential wind erosion risk. Crop damage and off-site damage have prompted farmers and policymakers to pay more attention to wind erosion control. A great variety of measures have been developed in the last decades. Most farmers, however, only use measures to protect their high value crops. In existing policies, little attention is paid to the off-site effects and long-term effects of wind erosion. There are no direct policy measures at a European level to control soil erosion, and few measures exist in individual Member States. Agricultural or environmental EC policies offer different policy tools to approach the wind erosion problems related to agricultural practices. Tools like subsidies for the re-afforestation of arable land can help regional policy makers with the implementation of wind erosion control measures. A case study concerning the ‘Code of Good Agricultural Practice’ shows that regional differences result in different control measures that fits best given the physical, social and economic context. The formulation of the practical details of such code should therefore remain a task of the local or regional government. The main objectives of a Code of Good Agricultural Practice could be formulated at national or European level. 相似文献
133.
醇溶蛋白是小麦籽粒贮藏蛋白的重要组分,其组成与含量对小麦加工品质具有重要影响。本研究建立了利用PCR从普通小麦基因组BAC文库中筛选含有α/β-醇溶蛋白基因序列BAC克隆的方法,并获得9个不同的含有α/β-醇溶蛋白基因的BAC克隆。从其中鉴定出17个α/β-醇溶蛋白基因,其编码区序列长度为852~957 bp。12个序列在编码区内存在提前终止密码子,推测为假基因。其他5个成员(Gli-Xy54-1、Gli-Xy54-2、Gli-Xy54-3、Gli-Xy54-7和Gli-Xy54-13)分别编码291、310、311、287和317个氨基酸残基,都具有α/β-醇溶蛋白一级结构的典型特征。根据推导的氨基酸序列中乳糜泻病诱发因子的分布情况及多聚谷氨酰胺重复区的长度差异,推测Gli-Xy54-7可能定位于6A染色体,Gli-Xy54-2、Gli-Xy54-3和Gli-Xy54-13可能定位于6B染色体,Gli-Xy54-1可能定位于6D染色体。基因聚类分析支持了上述推论。这是第一次从普通小麦中筛选到包含α/β-醇溶蛋白基因的BAC克隆,并从中得到目标基因全长,对进一步研究普通小麦基因组中α/β-醇溶蛋白编码基因的组成、表达与功能有较好的参考价值。 相似文献
134.
来自小麦的ERF转录因子W17基因参与胁迫应答,过表达W17可显著提高转基因拟南芥的抗旱性和抗病性。本研究构建了小麦cDNA文库,通过酵母双杂技术筛选W17的互作蛋白,以期进一步解析ERF蛋白的作用机制。将pGBKT7-W17质粒、pGADT7和小麦文库混合转入酵母细胞AH109,在SD/–Trp/–Leu/–His/–Ade营养缺陷型平板上培养,挑选直径大于2 mm的克隆,在SD/Raf/Gal/X-gal平板上划线培养,筛选蓝色克隆。将筛出的克隆测序、BLAST分析,得到4类与W17相互作用的候选蛋白,分别是胁迫相关功能蛋白、翻译后修饰蛋白、1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶/加氧酶(Rubisco)大亚基/小亚基以及功能未知蛋白。互作验证表明,Hsp90和PPR蛋白与W17有相互作用关系。这些候选蛋白参与信号转导或免疫过程,暗示W17在植物的逆境信号转导、下游基因转录调控,甚至在翻译过程都有重要作用。 相似文献
135.
136.
小麦中国春背景下长穗偃麦草光合作用相关基因的染色体定位 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
光合作用与小麦产量关系的研究倍受国内外学者关注,而以代换系为材料研究外源染色体对光合作用的效应至今未见报道。本文以小麦-长穗偃麦草二体代换系为材料,以旗叶为主要测定叶位,用美国CID公司生产的CI-310便携式光合作用测定系统于田间测定旗叶光合速率在各生育期变化,并测定其与产量构成因素间的相关性。结果表明,DS2Ee(2A)代换系在开花期具有在整个生育期最高的光合速率,2Ee染色体可在穗粒数性状的改良过程中加以利用。DS4Ee(4A、4B、4D)代换系其旗叶从抽穗期到灌浆期始终保持较高水平净光合速率,对籽粒形成和充实十分有利,4Ee染色体可在通过改良灌浆时光合速率来提高千粒重等产量指标的研究中加以利用。 相似文献
137.
cDNA-AFLP(amplified fragment length polymorphism) is used to isolate genes differentially expressed in salt-stressed and unstressed wheat lines RH8706-49 and H8706-34 derived from a single seed,representing a salt-stress resistant (SR) and salt-stress sensitive(SS) line,respectively.About 88.1% cDNA fragment are expressed in all the four samples,11.9% are different between the samples.68 cDNA fragments were cloned,of which 35 were subject to sequence analysis.Database searches indicate that 11 cDNA fragment show high homology to known genes,which mainly include proteins related to ion transport,signal transduction and oxidative stress.The remaining 24 cDNA show no detectable homology to known genes,suggesting that they probably represent novel genes. 相似文献
138.
139.
矮牵牛Tidal Wave品种遗传转化受体再生体系的建立 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以矮牵牛Tidal Wave品种无菌苗叶片为外植体,在附加不同质量浓度激素的MS基本培养基上诱导培养,通过器官发生途径获得再生植株。在附加3.0mg/LBA、0.3mg/LNAA的培养基上获得了90%以上芽的再生率。再生芽在附加0.02mg/LNAA、1.0mg/LKT、5.0mg/LGA3的培养基上发育良好。在3种选择抗生素的筛选中发现,叶片对潮霉素和庆大霉素较为敏感,这2种抗生素质量浓度为5mg/L时,2周内可将外植体全部杀死;而卡那霉素质量浓度达到15mg/L时,芽分化才被完全抑制。因此可确定卡那霉素为理想的选择抗生素,其选择压质量浓度为15mg/L。2种抑菌抗生素中,头孢霉素对叶片再生影响较大;而250mg/L的羧苄青霉素能有效地抑制农杆菌菌株LBA4404的生长,却对矮牵牛叶片的芽分化影响不大,为适宜的抑菌抗生素。 相似文献
140.
Environmental beliefs and farm practices of New Zealand farmers Contrasting pathways to sustainability 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Sustainable farming, and waysto achieve it, are important issues foragricultural policy. New Zealand provides aninteresting case for examining sustainableagriculture options because gene technologieshave not been commercially released and thereis a small but rapidly expanding organicsector. There is no strong governmentsubsidization of agriculture, so while policiesseem to favor both options to some degree,neither has been directly supported. Resultsfrom a survey of 656 farmers are used to revealthe intentions, environmental values, andfarming practices for organic, conventional,and GE intending farmers. The results show thatorganic and conventional farmers are relativelysimilar but contrast to GE intending farmers,especially with respect to perceivedconsequences of each technology. While 75%of farmers have not yet made a commitmentto either technology, one fifth were GEintending and one quarter may become organic.Organic farmers have different attitudes tonature, matched in part by conventionalfarmers. In terms of policy for sustainableagriculture, the results suggest that organicand conventional farmers are incrementallymoving towards agroecological sustainabilitywhile GE intending farmers are committed tointensive production methods of which GEproducts are potentially important. GEintending farmers reject incrementalism infavor of a revolutionary technological fix forsustainability concerns in agriculture.Overall, the results show that there areclearly two different paradigms ofsustainability among farmers. Policies that areseeking to achieve sustainable agriculture needto address the tensions that span the differentparadigms. 相似文献