推进现代农业建设背景下多功能农业发展分析

农业的多功能性是指农业在供给农产品外,还具有社会、文化、生态等功能.农业的多功能性是农业及其发展的客观属性,它最终来源于土地的多效用性,并由土地资源边际效用所决定的土地价值来衡量.开发农业的多种功能,其根本目的在于巩固和强化农业的战略地位,适应经济社会发展对农业不断提出的新需求.发挥农业多功能性是推进现代农业建设的必然选择,是实现农业可持续发展的客观要求.我国在发展多功能农业的时候,要深刻理解农业的自然性和社会性,准确把握经济社会发展对农业不断增长的需求,坚持从自然资源、生态环境和现实国情出发,统筹兼顾,因地制宜,不断巩固、强化和完善农业的经济性功能和社会性功能,努力提高农业的现代化水平.     

"十一五"上海郊区农民住房建设政策措施研究

依据上海市推进“三个集中”的部署,提供了“十一五”期间推进上海郊区农民集中居住住房建设的政策措施,指出了推进农民集中居住住房建设的切入点。     

粒用菜豆种质资源芽期抗旱性研究

对６１５份粒用菜豆资源采用蔗糖高渗溶液鉴定法，筛选出高度抗旱优异资源１４份，对不同省（区）资源的抗旱性分布及优异资源的生物学性状进行了论述，阐明了抗旱性与生态环境及性状间的关系。     

Distribution of Grain Hardness in Chinese Wheats and Genetic Analysis

A hundred winter wheat and 41 spring wheat cultivars and advanced lines were used to investigate the distribution of grain hardness in Chinese wheats and correlations between grain hardness and other kernel traits. P1, P2, F1, F2 and F3 from three crosses, i. e. , Liken2/Yumai2, 85Zhong33/Wenmai6 and 85Zhong33/95Zhong459 were sown to study the genetics of grain hardness. Significant correlation was observed between hardness measured by Single Kernel Characteristic System 4100 (SKCS 4100) and Near Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy, r ranging from 0. 85 to 0.94. Chinese wheat is a mixed population in terms of hardness, ranging from very soft to very hard. For autumn-sown wheat, on average, grain hardness decreases from north to south and spring-sown wheat is dominant with hard type. Hardness is negatively associated with flour color, and its associations with flour yield and ash content differ in winter and spring wheats. Grain hardness is controlled by a major gene and several minor genes with additive effect mostly, but dominant effect is also observed, with heritability of 0.78.     

蔺草若干生物学特性及高产栽培技术研究

蔺草是典型的水田作物,具有完整的通气组织,但幼根与根茎主要靠辐射状排列的皮层薄壁细胞间隙通气。蔺草分蘖发生符合F_n=F_(n-1)+F_(n-3)的规律。花器官分化开始于开花前2～3个月,可分为花序原基出现、花序原基分化、小花原基分化与雌雄蕊原基分化四个时期。蔺草在全国约有十万亩面积,各种植地区均有相应的栽培技术体系。几年来我们总结形成了一套符合本市若干地区的蔺草栽培技术,在协作基点运用过程中取得了明显的增产效果。     

草鱼、鲤、鲢、鳙和尼罗非鲫脂肪酶活性的比较研究

草鱼和鲤肝胰脏脂肪酶活性明显比肠道的高(P<0.025);鲢和鳙肝胰脏脂肪酶活性明显低于肠道的(P<0.025);尼罗非鲫肝胰脏和肠的脂肪酶活性几乎相等(P>0.05),而胃脂肪酶活性明显比肝胰脏和肠道的低(P<0.005)。五种鱼的肝胰脏脂肪酶活性由高到低的顺序为:草鱼>尼罗非鲫>鲤>鳙>鲢;肠脂肪酶活性由高到低的顺序为:鲢>鳙>尼罗非鲫>草鱼>鲤。结果表明:鱼类的食性与脂肪酶活性无明显相关。草鱼、鲢和鳙的肠脂肪酶活性,中肠略高于前肠和后肠;尼罗非鲫和鲤的肠脂肪酶活性由前往后逐渐下降。     

“土地承包权长期不变”绩效评价及政策建议

“30年不变、增人不增地、减人不减地”政策出台是基于我国人多地少的国情,目的是为了防止土地过分细碎化,提高农民对土地投资的积极性,保护土地肥力和生产力。但政策运行并没有达到预期的目标,同时又引发了土地分配不公平的问题。提出了土地流转、土地股份化和农地在妇、幼、老三者之间合理调整的政策以增强“土地承包权30年不变”政策的效力。     

Gender and property rights in the commons: Examples of water rights in South Asia

In many countries and resource sectors, the state is devolving responsibility for natural resource management responsibility to ``communities' or local user groups. However, both policymakers and researchers in this area have tended to ignore the implications of gender and other forms of intra-community power differences for the effectiveness and equity of natural resource management. In the irrigation sector, despite the rhetoric on women's participation, a review of evidence from South Asia shows that organizations often exclude women through formal or informal membership rules and practices. Women may have other ways to obtain irrigation services, but even if they are effective, these other informal ways of obtaining irrigation services are typically less secure. As resource management – and rights to resources – are transferred from the state to local organizations, ensuring women's participation is essential for gender equity in control over resources. Greater involvement of women can also strengthen the effectiveness of local organizations by improving women's compliance with rules and maintenance contributions. Further detailed and comparative research is required to identify the major factors that affect women's participation and control over resources, if devolution policies are to be both equitable and sustainable. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

利用RIL-6群体研究HMW-GS对小麦品质指标的影响

【目的】小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）与小麦品种的烘烤品质密切相关。利用重组自交系研究同一基因位点不同亚基和不同基因位点亚基组合对品质性状的作用，为小麦品质改良提供参考。【方法】以含190个株系的RIL-6（重组自交系）群体为材料，研究HMW-GS对小麦主要品质指标的影响。【结果】同一基因位点不同亚基在籽粒硬度、干面筋含量和蛋白质含量等3个性状上差异均没有达到显著水平；不同亚基组合对面团形成时间、面团稳定时间、断裂时间、和面时间、沉淀值、面筋指数、拉伸曲线面积、延伸度、最大拉伸阻力、8分钟尾高、峰高、面包体积、面包评分和面包坚实度等14个主要品质指标有不同程度的显著影响；RIL-6群体的8种不同基因位点的亚基组合的蛋白质含量没有显著差异，其它各性状包括面粉理化特性、面团流变学特性和面包品质指标均有不同程度的差异。【结论】同一基因位点不同亚基和不同基因位点亚基组合对小麦主要品质性状具有重要作用。