粗制蜂蜡脱色过程研究

[目的]研究粗制蜂蜡的脱色过程,以期为蜂蜡生产提供理论指导。[方法]以过氧化氢为脱色剂对粗制蜂蜡进行脱色,研究了不同试剂用量、脱色温度、脱色时间与搅拌速度对蜂蜡色泽及酸价的影响。[结果]蜂蜡色泽随过氧化氢用量增加而降低,过氧化氢用量为0.3 ml/g时色泽达到1级;脱色时间对蜂蜡脱色效果的影响与过氧化氢用量有关与蜂蜡酸价无关;而脱色温度对蜂蜡色泽的影响与脱色时间有关,随脱色温度升高蜂蜡胶价低。脱色时,随着搅拌速度的提高,蜂蜡色泽变浅;但转速太高会造成蜂蜡色泽回升。[结论]在该试验条件下,过氧化氢用量0.3 ml/g,脱色时间60 min,脱色温度80℃,搅拌速度700 r/min,脱色效果达到1级。蜂蜡脱色过程受多种因素影响,并且伴随有回色现象发生,需结合具体情况确定最为经济高效的脱色条件。     

黑粒小麦籽粒颜色的遗传分析

[目的]了解黑粒小麦籽粒颜色的遗传特性。[方法]配置了黑小麦76、黑小麦18、96-45和line220 4个黑粒小麦品种（系）与4个白粒小麦品种（系）9-231、宁春16、宁春17和新春22的正反交共8个杂交组合,观察了F1、F2、F3植株上籽粒颜色的表现,分析其粒色遗传。[结果]黑小麦76的黑粒性状表现母体遗传,均为不完全显性,黑粒性状受2对互补基因控制,F3代符合9（黑色）∶7（白色）的分离规律。line220、96-45和黑小麦18籽粒黑色性状的遗传基因有2对,表现为独立遗传且有互补作用,F2代符合9（黑色）∶7（白色）的分离规律。[结论]可以通过黑粒小麦与白粒小麦品种间杂交分别选育粒色不同的新品种。     

L*a*b*表色系统与绿茶汤色的相关性分析

以福建省制得的39个绿茶为研究对象,探讨L*a*b*表色系统与绿茶感官审评的汤色得分的相关性。结果表明,色度值(L*、a*、b*)对茶汤冲泡条件(茶水比、冲泡时间)的变化有较为灵敏的反应,能反映汤色品质的变化趋势;外形相近的炒青绿茶,其各色度值与汤色得分的相关性较高;不同外形的炒青绿茶之间,各色度值与汤色得分的相关性质不同;不同类型绿茶间色度值的差异仅是茶样汤色的特点表现,而用色度值比较同类型绿茶汤色品质的高低更为准确和客观。     

高产大花生及其高油突变体DGAT1基因的克隆与序列分析

以高产大花生花育22号和LF2及其高油突变体为材料利用PCR扩增DGAT1基因,并对其序列进行了比较、分析,鉴定出长、短不同的序列,并进行了系统发育分析。为进一步研究高油特性与DGAT1之间的关系奠定了基础。     

水曲柳木皮热改色工艺的研究

采用热压接触加热法对水曲柳木皮进行热改色处理,研究了不同处理温度和时间对木材色度值、力学性能、表面水接触角的影响。试验结果得到了3．5mm厚水曲柳木皮热改色的优化工艺参数为：热处理温度200～240℃,热处理时间20～30min。     

Identification of deletion mutants with improved performance under water-limited environments in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a semi-aquatic member of the grass family that is poorly adapted to dry environments and has greater sensitivity to water-deficits than other important cereals in this family. To increase productivity in aerobic or water-limited environments rice must overcome its adaptations to flooded environments. Deletion mutants offer an alternative genetic resource for improving drought tolerance. Almost 3500 IR64 deletion mutants were screened under vegetative and reproductive stage drought stress in the field and evaluated for leaf drying and/or grain yield. Seven novel conditional mutants of rice which showed gain of function through continued growth as drought stress developed compared to the wild type were identified. Mutant recovery rate was 0.1%. Further evaluation of putative drought mutants revealed that their average shoot biomass at maturity and grain yield per plant under stress exceeded those of the wild type by two-fold. Studies under controlled conditions confirmed mutants to have continued growth of both roots and shoots as drought developed compared to the wild type, and a tendency for greater water extraction. We propose that deletions in these mutants have affected a regulator of the highly conservative growth response common to irrigated lowland rice cultivars. Our results suggest that screening deletion mutants for performance under managed drought stress in the field could be a highly effective way to identify valuable genetic resources for improved drought response and aerobic adaptation in rice.     

Comparison of color techniques to measure the color of parboiled rice

A combination of digital camera, computer and graphic software can provide a less expensive and more versatile technique to determine the surface color of parboiled rice compared to instrumental color measurement. The instrument was used to measure rice powder and whole rice. Pearson correlation coefficients and sample paired t-test on total color difference (ΔE), L and b values were calculated. The value of ΔE of samples from the instrumental technique was 0.69–4.61 (powder), 4.7–10.2 (whole rice) with a coefficient of variance (CV) ranging from 3.5 to 25.3% and from 15.4 to 46.6%. Meanwhile, the digital image technique gave a ΔE value ranging from 4.2 to 13.77 with a CV from 6.3 to 21.2%, respectively. A highly significant correlation (R² = 0.7451, R² = 0.8074, R² = 0.7518,) was obtained for ΔE between instrumental (powder and whole rice), Vision Builder and instrumental (powder), and instrumental (whole rice) and Vision Builder. The chromatic b value of instrumental for powder had a significant correlation with the Vision Builder data (R² = 0.7741). The results suggest that although the digital image provided the surface color of parboiled rice, it was less accurate than the instrumental for powder. Therefore results from the digital image should be interpreted with caution.     

不同套袋时间对早香橘橙果实色泽的影响

对三次不同套袋时间对早香橘橙果实色泽的影响进行了分析研究。结果显示,套袋时间早、遮光性强的果袋对果实果皮色泽亮度、色饱和度的影响大于遮光性弱的或晚套袋的处理。果实色泽平均a/b值10月4日套袋好于7月14日,8月30日套袋处理,果实色泽更加的接近早香橘橙果实所固有色泽：橙黄色,但均小于对照（0.53）。套袋时间早果皮色泽色调角小于晚套袋处理,并且均大于对照（-10.23）。经相关系数分析,a/b 与色调角呈极显著负相关,相关系数为：-0.9574。不同套袋时间、不同遮光率的果袋对早香橘橙果实色泽有不同的影响     

Antibrowning of the Adductor Muscles of Bay Scallop by Glutathione During Hot Air Drying

ABSTRACT

Browning in the adductor muscle of bay scallop (Argopecten irradians) tends to occur during hot air drying due to polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and Maillard reaction and decreases the sensory quality and commercial value of bay scallop adductor muscles (BSAM). In the present study, the effects of glutathione on the browning inhibition of BSAM were evaluated. The PPO activity in BSAM was inhibited by 97.8 with 0.08% glutathione. The browning of BSAM pretreated with glutathione was evaluated during hot air drying. Compared with the control, BSAM pretreated with glutathione resulted in less drying time and browning during hot air drying. The results indicate that pretreatment with glutathione may be a promising method of BSAM browning inhibition during hot air drying.     

水稻类病斑突变体spl31的遗传分析与基因定位

利用EMS诱变水稻籼型恢复系缙恢10号, 从其后代中鉴定出一个类病斑突变体spl31, 该突变体三叶期以前表型正常, 四叶期后叶片陆续出现黄色斑点, 随着植株的生长, 面积逐渐扩大成边缘黄褐色的病斑, 至成熟时病斑相互连接成片, 导致叶片坏死。透射电镜结果显示突变体细胞的叶绿体基粒片层堆叠不规则。组织化学分析显示突变体细胞被染成深蓝色, 呈离散状分布, 说明spl31病斑是自发形成的。光合数据显示spl31基因突变对病斑叶片正常部位细胞的光系统II影响较小。农艺性状分析发现突变体千粒重下降、结实率降低。遗传分析表明, spl31的突变性状由1对隐性核基因控制, 该基因被定位于水稻第12染色体着丝粒附近, 引物ID104和ID11之间, 物理距离为383 kb, 并与标记ID105共分离。