日本矮生沿阶草的研究进展

日本矮生沿阶草Ophiopogon japonicus原产于日本、中国、朝鲜等地的林下地被植物,具有喜湿、耐阴、抗逆性强等优点,在园林绿化上被广泛应用。就日本主要栽培品种的生理生态特性、繁殖方式和栽培管理技术进行了简要介绍,旨在为我国合理地引种、栽培及使用乡土草种提供科学的参考依据。     

Efficacy of a Fructus mume Extract Combination with Stable Chlorine in Preventing Bacterial Contamination in Frozen Mackerel (Scomber japonicus) Fillets

ABSTRACT

A combination composed of Fructus mume extract and stable chlorine dioxide was investigated for its antibacterial activity, mechanism of action, and its application against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in mackerel (Scomber japonicus) fillets. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values against E. coli and S. aureus ranged from 0.9–1.2 and 1.3–1.6 mg/mL for F. mume extract and 0.004–0.006 and 0.007–0.010 mg/mL for stable chlorine dioxide, respectively. We observed a mechanism of action against E. coli that involved a pore-formation role that led to cell membrane damage. In the case of S. aureus, the mechanism of action is believed to be mediated by the combination’s activity as a metabolite disrupting agent. Here, the amount of bacteria was greatly reduced in mackerel fillets treated with the combination. Moreover, the flavor and texture properties of fillets were not significantly affected by this treatment (p < 0.05). These findings suggested that the combination has promise in being used as an additive to a broader class of foodstuffs.     

寄生性天敌蒲螨对几种蛀干害虫的控制作用

研究了天敌蒲螨对蛀干害虫——双条杉天牛、柏肤小蠹、日本双棘长蠹、六星黑点豹蠹蛾的寄生效果。室内结果表明,以上几种幼虫接种蒲螨后,在8h内可以导致所有幼虫死亡。室外采用淹没式释放方式,按照树胸径释放蒲螨（20 000头/cm）。释放后30d调查,对双条杉天牛幼虫、柏肤小蠹幼虫、双棘长蠹幼虫、六星黑点豹蠹蛾幼虫的校正寄生死亡率分别为84.7%、67.3%、67.8%和60.5%。     

珠子参根茎发育特性及其切段繁殖的研究

[目的]研究珠子参根茎的发育规律,探索根茎繁殖的方法。[方法]通过对珠子参种子萌发过程和栽培植株生长期内根茎切片的观察,研究其根茎发生发育的规律;采用植物生长调节剂处理根茎切段,探索其根茎繁殖的方法。[结果]营养生长时根茎是单轴分枝的主杆,生殖生长时根茎成为合轴分枝式的侧枝。用50和100 mg/L的赤霉素(GA3)溶液、40和80 mg/L的6-苄胺腺嘌呤(6-BA)溶液均可使珠子参根茎的切段形成更新芽,但以40 mg/L 6-BA的处理为优,80 mg/L 6-BA的处理次之。[结论]该研究对珠子参规范化栽培措施的制订具有参考价值。     

冀东冬麦区雀麦的田间识别 发生规律及其化学防除技术的初步研究

通过田间观察对冀东冬麦区雀麦的形态特征进行了系统完整的描述,修正和完善了文献记载的不足,重点突出了直观性,使农民能够在麦田里容易地识别出雀麦。通过定期田间调查,明确了雀麦在冀东冬麦区的发生规律：在冀东冬麦区雀麦属越年生杂草,绝大部分在秋季出苗,占发生总量的97%以上;雀麦分蘖力强,单株平均分蘖达10.6个。同时进行了啶磺草胺7.5%WG 3个剂量处理（135、180、360 g/hm2）对雀麦的田间防除药效试验,结果表明：啶磺草胺7.5%WG是目前防除麦田雀麦的理想除草剂,春季在雀麦7叶期前用啶磺草胺7.5%WG 135～180 g/hm2＋专用助剂225 mL/hm2,对雀麦鲜重防效达97%以上,对混发的荠菜和播娘蒿也有较好的兼治效果,并且对小麦安全。     

Gastrophysa atrocyanae (Col: Chrysomelidae), an agent for biological control of the dock,Rumex japonicus (Polygonaceae) in China

Abstract

The biology and host specificity of the beetle, Gastrophysa atrocyanea Motch were studied in the laboratory in Nanchang, China. This univoltine insect completed its immature stage in 32–39 days with adult overwintering in soil. A total of 35 plant species from 21 families were tested. Both larvae and adults attacked Rumex japonicus and Rumex acetosa with R. japonicus the main host. Larvae also attacked two Polygonum species, P. hydropiper and P. perfoliatum. But the adults are not concurrent with the two Polygonum species. Though oviposition occurred on five other plant species, none of them supported larval development. Field observations showed that G. atrocyanae caused a progressive decline in natural R. japonicus populations. Thus it is recommended as a valuable biological agent for this weed.     

Inhibitory effect of Ophiopogon japonicus on rat cardiac fibroblasts

AIM：To investigate the inhibitory effect of Ophiopogon japonicus on rat cardiac fibroblast (CFs) and the underlying mechanism. METHODS：Cultured CFs from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into 4 groups: control group (normal rat cardiac fibroblasts), Ophiopogon japonicus of 10 μg/L group, Ophiopogon japonicus of 20 μg/L group and Ophiopogon japonicus of 30 μg/L group. Cell vitality, ［3H］-proline incorporation, and the protein expression of TGF-β1, p-Smad2/3 and total Smad2/3 in CFs were determined. RESULTS：Compared with control, the cell vitality, ［3H］-proline incorporation, and the protein expression of TGF-β1, p-Smad2/3 and total Smad2/3 were significantly decreased in Ophiopogon japonicus of 10 μg/L group. Compared with Ophiopogon japonicus of 10 μg/L group, the cell vitality, ［3H］-proline incorporation, and the protein expression of TGF-β1, p-Smad2/3 and total Smad2/3 were significantly decreased in Ophiopogon japonicus of 20 μg/L group. Compared with Ophiopogon japonicus of 20 μg/L group, the cell vitality,［3H］-proline incorporation, and the protein expression of TGF-β1, p-Smad2/3 and total Smad2/3 were significantly decreased in Ophiopogon japonicus of 30 μg/L group. CONCLUSION：Ophiopogon japonicus may inhibit CFs. These actions are related to the changes of ［3H］-proline incorporation, and the protein expression of TGF-β1, p-Smad2/3 and total Smad2/3.     

多效唑对大叶黄杨、金叶女贞、紫叶小檗的抗旱性影响研究

采取盆栽控水法,研究多效唑对大叶黄杨、金叶女贞、紫叶小檗等绿篱植物抗旱性影响,以期为节水管理提供依据。结果表明:在干旱条件下,3种绿篱植物应用适宜浓度的多效唑可不同程度的增强抗旱性。单就抗旱性而言,大叶黄杨的适宜浓度范围为1.33~9.33 g/L,最佳浓度为6.67 g/L;金叶女贞和紫叶小檗适宜浓度均为1.33~4.00 g/L,最佳浓度为2.67 g/L。     

小肽对刺参免疫酶活性及抗病力的影响

本文研究了注射不同剂量的小肽对刺参体腔液中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及抗病力的影响。各试验组(0.2 mg组、0.4 mg组、0.6 mg组)分别注射浓度为0.4、0.8、1.2 mg/mL的小肽溶液500μL/只,对照组注射等体积无菌过滤海水。在注射后第2、4和7天,检测刺参体内ACP、AKP和SOD活性。结果表明,试验组刺参体腔液中ACP(0.4 mg组)、AKP(0.4 mg组)活性及SOD(0.6 mg组)活性分别在第4、4、7天达到最高值,与对照组相比差异均显著(P<0.05),分别为对照组的2.6、2.3、1.9倍。攻毒试验结果证实,各试验组均产生了一定的免疫保护率,0.4 mg组最大,达33.3%。结果提示,小肽作为饲料添加剂能够提高刺参的非特异性免疫水平,且注射量为0.4 mg效果最好。     

用流式细胞术研究二氢吡啶对刺参体腔细胞免疫功能的影响

给刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)幼参投喂含二氢吡啶(Diludin)的饲料3、6、9、12、18和24 d后,采用流式细胞术测定其体腔细胞的吞噬率和死亡率.结果显示.试验组体腔细胞的吞噬率在6 d后显著升高.死亡率除24d外一直显著高于对照组.但随着时间的延长呈降低趋势.这表明投喂含二氢吡啶的饲料能增强刺参幼参体腔细胞的免疫力.