油松毛虫越冬幼虫“部分轮枝抽样”技术的研究

本文探讨以油松的“部分轮枝”(从油松基部起第1,2,3轮枝层中着生1,2a生针叶的枝条段构成的轮枝层)代替整株油松作为样本单元,估计油松毛虫越冬幼虫口密度的可行性;拟合积性模型建立了越冬幼虫种群的“部分轮枝抽样”模型;并对模型的估计精度、可靠性及置信区间进行了分析,导出了理论抽样数的计算公式;最后对“部分轮枝抽样”模型进行了实际应用检验。     

中晚熟大白菜德丰1号的选育

德丰 1号属中晚熟大白菜一代杂种。其亲本是两个自交不亲和系鲁白 8SI和新 1号DD。德丰 1号生长期 85d(天 ) ,叶色淡绿 ,叶球短圆筒形 ,高抗病毒病 ,抗霜霉病 ,帮薄 ,白色 ,纤维少 ,品质优 ,商品性好 ,净菜产量 5 5 14.5～ 5 5 40 .8kg·(6 6 7m2 ) -1,比对照北京新 3号平均增产 2 .7%～ 12 .7%。     

略谈中印传统文化之差异

文化是人类的生活, 是人类实践活动的成果。中国和印度是东方文化的两个主要发源地。中国文化和印度文化同属于东方文化, 但是两种文化体系却有着根本的区别和不同的追求, 具体表现在文化的本质、内容、包容性及其哲学的概念体系等方面。研究中印两种文化的主要差异, 吸取印度文化中的积极因素, 对于我们传统文化的现代化以及中华民族的崛起都有着深刻的意义。     

New alleles of chicken CD8 alpha and CD3d found in Chinese native and western breeds

Chinese native chicken breeds provide useful resources for the study of genetic diversity. In this study, the alleles of CD8 alpha and CD3d cDNA from Chinese native and introduced western breeds of chicken were analyzed at the sequence level. Six alleles were found, due to 13 amino acid replacements in the extracellular domain of the CD8 alpha sequence. There were four alleles detected in the Chinese strains, and alleles 5 and 6 were identified for the first time. Allele 6 was shared by Langshan, Beijing Fatty and Recessive White Feather chickens. Allele 2, found in the Bigbone strain, was the same as that found in the Leghorn strain H.B15.H7, and allele 3 in the Xianju breed was also the same as in the Leghorn strain H.B15.H12. Two Leghorn lines (RPL line 7 and AY519197) and the Camellia possessed an allele (alleles 1, 4 and 5), respectively, that was not found in the other lines. Nine out of 13 amino acid replacements were situated in the putative major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I binding CDR1 (positions 30, 33 and 34), CDR2 (positions 58, 62, 63 and 65) and CDR3 (positions 90 and 106). Except for the Xianju breed, the CD8 alpha cDNA of Chinese native chicken breeds shared high homology. Two alleles were found in CD3d. Three additional nucleotides were found at positions 64, 65 and 66 in the newly discovered allele 2. This led to a difference of four amino acids (at residues 22, 23, 24 and 25) in the extracellular domain of CD3d cDNA from the Gushi, Recessive White Feather and ISA chickens compared with these of the White Leghorn and T11.15 (NM_205512). Five hybridoma clones (1C9, 1H5, 4B11, 6G5 and 13C5) against chicken CD8 alpha were generated by DNA immunization. Two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 6G5 and 4B11, showed reactivity to the splenocytes from five Chinese native chicken breeds, the Recessive White Feather chicken and the Leghorn (AY519197), while mAbs 1C9, 1H5 and 13C5 showed no reaction with these breeds.     

2种钙肥对菜心生长及品质的影响

采用73.0 mg/L的果蔬钙肥及1.25 g/L、2.5 g/L和3.75 g/L 3种浓度的氯化钙溶液对菜心进行叶面喷施,研究不同钙肥处理对菜心生长及品质的影响。试验结果表明,不同的钙肥处理均可促进菜心的生长发育,提高叶绿素含量、增加菜心的产量、改善菜心品质,但存在差异,73.0 mg/L的果蔬钙肥处理效果最好,低浓度氯化钙处理对菜心产量和品质影响很小,中浓度氯化钙处理影响比较大,高浓度氯化钙处理比中浓度处理效果差。在不同的生长发育期,作用效应有所不同,在菜心生长的初期各钙肥处理影响不大,生长中后期影响比较大。     

白菜叶和茎中微量元素Cu、Mn含量的测定

为研究白菜的食品应用及工业应用价值,采用HNO3-HCl O4(4∶1)湿法消解样品,火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定白菜叶和茎中微量元素Cu、Mn的含量。试验结果表明,白菜叶和茎中Mn、Cu含量存在明显差异,Mn的含量均大于Cu的含量,且这两种元素在叶中的含量均高于茎。     

小白菜潮汐式栽培专用基质的筛选

对3种不同栽培基质和常规栽培基质（市场销售）在潮汐式灌溉模式下进行小白菜栽培试验,比较小白菜的植物学性状,筛选出适用于潮汐式灌溉的小白菜专用型栽培基质。研究结果表明,处理2（40%茶渣蚓粪、20%泥炭、20%蛭石、20%珍珠岩）培育的小白菜株高、生物量、株幅、SPAD 值均显著优于其他处理,栽培效果显著提高,可推荐作为潮汐式灌溉小白菜栽培的专用型基质。     

中国生态农业与面源污染减排

2007年世界环境日中国的主题为"污染减排与环境友好型社会",农业污染减排是其中一个无法回避的问题。农业污染即面源污染,或称非点源污染,主要有过量施用化肥和农药造成的土壤和水体污染、农业生产废弃物造成的污染和农业温室气体排放等三大类。当前中国严重的面源污染问题是由农业生产方式决定的。中国生态农业是具有中国特色的可持续农业,因充分利用废弃物、综合效益提高、减施化肥和农药等特征,而具备实现面源污染减排的功能。中国生态农业是中国解决面源污染减排和农业可持续发展的最重要途径。针对中国生态农业发展中的问题,应该提高认识、建立和完善支撑体系并积极推广中国生态农业经典模式,加快中国农业发展,推进面源污染减排。     

Determination of the genetic variation in the effect of temperature and daylength on bolting of Brassica campestris L.

Summary Effects of temperature and daylength on the bolting of a number of B. campestris accessions were investigated both in the open and in the IVT phytotron. From the results it was concluded that low temperature and genotype are the predominant factors with respect to bolting. Daylength has rather limited influence. One cultivar bolted more than 12 weeks earlier at 10 and 14°C than at 18°C. On the other hand some cultivars did not require vernalization at all.At 14°C and short daylength, depending on genotype, the period of time between sowing and 50% bolting ranged from 8 to 30 weeks. At this temperature the stimulating effect of long day (24 h), depending again on the genotype, ranged from 0 to 4 weeks. The genotypes most resistant to bolting appeared to be the stubble turnips (B. campestris ssp. rapa).In terms of seed(ling) vernalization at 5°C the cold requirement ranged from 0 to more than 3 weeks, depending on the genotype. The required vernalization periods at 5°C can be used as a criterion in screening for resistance to bolting.