乌鳢腐皮病病理形态学研究

乌鳢腐皮病的 主要眼观病 变是病鱼体 表鳞片脱落,皮 肤溃烂,有出 血和炎 性渗出 物。主要组织学所见是局部皮肤和骨骼肌急性炎症反 应和坏死。肝 脂肪变性,肾间质充血,肾小管上皮细胞空泡变性。肝脏和肾脏细胞肿胀,线粒体结构模糊、空泡化。     

SSR-BSA技术对乌鳢性别差异标记的初步筛选

采用SSR结合BSA技术对1个家系96个乌鳢个体(雌雄各48个)进行性别差异标记的筛选。首先构建了雌雄基因池(各24个个体),然后用140对微卫星引物对其进行扫描,发现3对引物(HLJWL17,HLJWL59,HLJWL70)在雌雄基因池间扩增出差异条带,且都出现在雌性基因池中。用构建基因池的48个个体对3对引物进行第一轮单个体验证,HLJWL17和HLJWL70在基因池中扩增出的差异条带仅在极个别个体中出现,而HLJWL59的差异条带在绝大多数的雌性个体中被成功扩增出来,雄性个体皆无。用其余的48个个体对HLJWL59进行第二轮单个体验证,得到同样结果。对HLJWL59在8个雌性个体中扩增出来的差异基因片段进行克隆并测序。将8个个体的测序结果用Vector 8.0进行多序列比对,证实各个个体得到的条带是同一序列,该序列长度为243 bp,以TGC为重复单位,GC含量为51%。通过BLASTn比对,发现在GenBank数据库中无同源性序列存在。经统计,此差异标记在雌性乌鳢中出现的概率为62.5%,即该标记对该家系乌鳢性别的正确判别率为81.25%。     

乌鳢群体遗传多样性和遗传结构分析

为了解乌鳢群体遗传变异规律,本研究对8个群体共212个个体的mtDNA控制区全序列进行群体遗传多样性、遗传结构和群体历史动态分析。结果显示,乌鳢控制区全序列长度为907 bp,乌鳢群体单倍型多样性水平变化较大,中国黄河及以北的乌鳢群体单倍型多样性水平比淮河和长江等南方群体相对较低,所有群体表现出较低的核苷酸多样性水平(h0.5%)。基于单倍型构建的系统发育树和群体聚类树结果均未显示出与地理位置相对应的谱系结构。单倍型网络图显示存在多个主单倍型。遗传结构分析显示,不同水系间存在显著的遗传差异,相同水系间遗传差异较小。群体历史动态分析显示,中国乌鳢所有群体有效种群数量在中更新世晚期到晚更新世0.222—0.050百万年出现了一次较明显的快速增长,之后在晚更新世末次冰期0.050—0.010百万年出现了有效种群下降,伴随着全新世到来,在0.010百万年之后,乌鳢群体又发生了一次较小的有效种群增长。洞庭湖群体则发生一次有效种群的快速增长,增长时间大约在0.160百万年。研究表明,青藏高原隆起后,东亚季风在中国南北方气候的差异和秦岭山脉屏障对季风的阻断作用加大了这一差异,可能对乌鳢群体的遗传多样度差异造成一定影响。乌鳢群体不存在显著的谱系结构可能与乌鳢遗传分化时间较短有关,但是地理隔离等因素导致了不同水系间确切的遗传差异。第四纪更新世气候的波动,尤其是中更新世间冰期气候的转暖、末次盛冰期的降温和冰后期全新世的到来可能对乌鳢群体的数量和栖息地的扩缩起着重要影响。     

乌鳢(Channa argus)源摩氏摩根菌(Morganella morganii)的分离、鉴定及药敏特性

对患病乌鳢(Channa argus)进行病原分离、鉴定及药敏试验,为乌鳢病害防控提供参考。从江西南昌某养殖场发病的乌鳢肝、肾、脾和溃烂肌肉中分离到一株病原菌JX15,对JX15株进行形态学观察、理化特性测定及分子生物学方法鉴定,并对JX15株进行人工感染试验和药敏试验。理化特性测定和16S rRNA与gyrB[DNA促旋酶(gyrase)B亚基]基因序列分析表明,JX15株被鉴定为摩氏摩根菌。病理学和致病性试验显示,病鱼肝、肾、脾及溃烂皮肤肌肉等组织器官具有典型病理变化,人工感染的乌鳢出现与自然发病类似症状,且从发病乌鳢体内分离到与菌株JX15一致的菌株,可以断定菌株JX15是本次乌鳢发病的病原菌,其LD₅₀为3.4×10⁵ cfu·g^-1。JX15株对氟苯尼考、诺氟沙星及头孢噻肟等7种药物高度敏感,对呋喃唑酮、氯霉素、卡那霉素及链霉素4种药物中度敏感;对环丙沙星、苯唑西林及青霉素等11种药物耐药。本研究证明了江西南昌某养殖场的乌鳢溃烂病是由摩氏摩根菌感染所引起的,可选用氟苯尼考、头孢噻肟、新霉素、妥布霉素、庆大霉素、阿米卡星等6种药物进行治疗。     

介体条沙叶蝉传播小麦蓝矮病植原体特性研究

小麦蓝矮病植原体(wheat blue dwarf,WBD)属于翠菊黄化组三叶草绿变亚组植原体(16SrⅠ-C),由介体条沙叶蝉(Psammotettix striatus L.)专化性传播。通过电镜超微结构观察,在接种小麦、长春花和带毒条沙叶蝉体内有大量植原体,而在健康植物组织、无毒条沙叶蝉和带毒条沙叶蝉所产卵中未见植原体的存在。通过介体传毒试验和PCR检测发现,条沙叶蝉最适获毒期为7 d,植原体在虫体内的潜育期为1 5～1 7 d,接毒期为2～3 d。条沙叶蝉一旦获毒可终生持毒和传毒。不同虫态的条沙叶蝉带毒率没有明显的差异,但寄生植物的种类影响其带毒率。     

广州新体育馆屋盖预应力拉索的张拉顺序

通过对局部结构模型的计算和分析，得到了预应力拉索在张拉过程中的 预应力变化规律及其对结构的影响规律，从而确定了预应力拉索的张拉顺序，为结构的施工提供了可靠的理论依据。     

闽香鳢〔乌鳢(♂)×斑鳢(♀)〕遗传生物学研究Ⅰ.子代和亲本形态比较

通过对闽香鳢〔乌鳢 (♂ )×斑鳢 (♀ )〕及其亲本的主要形态分类学鉴定指标进行测量和比较 ,发现闽香鳢的主要形态学性状介于亲本乌鳢和斑鳢之间 ,为中间类型 ,由此初步判断其为亲本的杂合体。并根据臀鳍、背鳍和侧线鳞数设计了鉴别分选图 ,以便于对闽香鳢和亲本进行形态比较     

Effect of varying levels of dietary protein on the growth performance and feed conversion efficiency of snakehead Channa striata fry

Six isocaloric test diets, based on fishmeal-groundnut oil cake and containing 350–600 g kg^?1 protein at 50 g kg^?1 incremental levels were fed to snakehead, Channa Striata (Bloch), fry at a rate of 10% of body weight per day under laboratory conditions to determine the effect of varying level of dietary protein on the growth response. On the basis of percentage weight gain, daily weight gain, specific growth rate and daily tissue protein deposition, the dietary protein requirement of fry was found to be 550 g kg^?1 when fish meal was used as the major source of protein. There was a significant increase in carcass protein and a significant decrease in ash content with progressive dietary protein substitution. Fry fed with high protein diets tended to have lower carcass lipid contents and higher moisture contents.     

Explaining movement decisions of forest rodents in fragmented landscapes

Functional connectivity is a measure of the interaction of landscape structure and a species’ dispersal ability to determine the degree to which a landscape facilitates movement among patches. Dispersal through an inhospitable matrix requires that a species is willing to enter the matrix and can successfully colonize another habitat patch. Many connectivity indices have been developed which incorporate various attributes of the landscape, but little empirical evidence of the accuracy of these indices is available. We studied the ability of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus), eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus), and southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) to move through agricultural fields in west-central Indiana. Radio-collared animals were translocated into corridors that either were connected to or unconnected from an associated forest patch to determine their willingness to enter the matrix. Animals also were translocated into fields to determine how motivation to find resources influences movement through the matrix. All species demonstrated a strong motivation to find the forest. Animals were capable of moving through the matrix successfully, however, we were unable to determine whether they would do so willingly. Initial bearing was an important predictor for successfully reaching a forest patch, which has implications for modeling dispersal. Additionally, abiotic variables, such as temperature and precipitation, had a strong effect on latency to move from the release site. Although weather often correlates with seasonal migration, our study emphasizes the importance of weather in influencing short-term decisions on timing of movement.     

斑鳢嗜水气单胞菌病病原的鉴定及其病理组织学的研究

从患病斑鳢Channamaculata体内分离到一株细菌（FS20100810）,经人工感染试验证实为该病的病原菌。该菌株兼性厌氧,为革兰氏阴性杆菌,能运动,无芽孢,无荚膜,能发酵葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、甘露醇、七叶苷,氧化酶反应、接触酶反应、吲哚试验和M．R．试验均为阳性。该菌株对斑鳢的半致死浓度为6．83×10^5cfu／mL。16SrRNA基因序列与嗜水气单胞菌Aeromonashydrophila的同源性为99．6％。药敏试验结果显示,该菌株对氧氟沙星、菌必治、先锋噻肟等抗生素敏感,对复方新诺明等中度敏感,对苯唑青霉素、青霉素G、氨苄青霉素耐药。通过对人工感染的斑鳢进行组织切片观察,发现病鱼的鳃、心肌、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、肠道等器官组织均有明显的病理变化。