草鱼、鲤、鲢、鳙和尼罗非鲫脂肪酶活性的比较研究

草鱼和鲤肝胰脏脂肪酶活性明显比肠道的高(P<0.025);鲢和鳙肝胰脏脂肪酶活性明显低于肠道的(P<0.025);尼罗非鲫肝胰脏和肠的脂肪酶活性几乎相等(P>0.05),而胃脂肪酶活性明显比肝胰脏和肠道的低(P<0.005)。五种鱼的肝胰脏脂肪酶活性由高到低的顺序为:草鱼>尼罗非鲫>鲤>鳙>鲢;肠脂肪酶活性由高到低的顺序为:鲢>鳙>尼罗非鲫>草鱼>鲤。结果表明:鱼类的食性与脂肪酶活性无明显相关。草鱼、鲢和鳙的肠脂肪酶活性,中肠略高于前肠和后肠;尼罗非鲫和鲤的肠脂肪酶活性由前往后逐渐下降。     

甲砜霉素在鲤鱼中的药代动力学研究

本实验在(26±2)℃的养殖水温下,采用高效液相色谱–串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)研究了以30 mg/(kg·bw)的剂量对鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)进行单次投喂药饵后甲砜霉素(Thiamphenicol,TAP)在鲤鱼体内的药物代谢动力学。通过DAS 2.0动力学软件分析TAP在鲤鱼体内的药–时数据,结果表明符合一级吸收二室模型。TAP在肌肉、肾脏、肝脏、鱼皮、鳃、脾脏和血浆各组织的药物达峰时间(T_(peak))分别为16、2、16、8、0、2和16 h,达峰浓度(C_(max))分别为15.6、35.3、12.4、9.0、33.0、11.6 mg/kg和21.0 mg/L;药–时曲线下面积(AUC)分别为1084.5、1578.1、777.3、541.1、0.1、478.1 mg/(kg·h)和485.1 mg/(L·h),消除半衰期(t_(1/2β))分别为11.4、100.2、54.2、41.1、69.5、38.0和71.9 h。TAP在鲤鱼体内各组织的分布和消除速率相差较大;在肾脏中的药物达峰时间短且达峰浓度高于其他组织,其消除半衰期也明显高于其他组织,推测肾脏是鲤鱼体内TAP蓄积和代谢的主要器官。按照农业部《动物性食品中兽药最高残留限量》文件规定,TAP在水产动物中最高残留限量(MRL)不得高于50μg/kg,本研究中,肌肉、肾脏、肝脏、鱼皮、脾脏和血浆的TAP残留量低于MRL的时间分别从第16、16、12、12、12、10和12天开始,将肌肉和肾脏作为TAP药物残留的靶组织,建议休药期不得低于16 d。     

Incorporation of Maize Gluten in Supplementary Feed and its Impact on Growth and Flesh Quality of Some Carps

Maize gluten (a byproduct from the starch industry) was used at four different levels (5, 10, 15 and 20% w/w) replacing the fish meal, a component of supplementary diet, under a semi-intensive culture system. The impact of different diets on the physico-chemical parameters of water, growth and flesh quality of catla, Catla catla; rohu, Labeo rohita; and mrigal, Cirrhina mrigala was studied. Growth in terms of body weight gain was highest when fed a diet having 5% maize gluten (replacing fish meal at 25% level) for all the fish species. However, incorporation of maize gluten at higher levels led to decline in growth, since maize gluten is deficient in essential amino acids like methionine, lysine and threonine, etc. The flesh quality in terms of total protein, total lipid, total sugar, moisture and total ash was also determined at the termination of the experiment to see whether there was any significant variation with the incorporation of maize gluten or not.     

草鱼口服出血病疫苗的免疫途径及效果

用草鱼出血病病毒疫苗处理鱼苗开口饵料 ,以口服法接种草鱼苗 ,分别于第 76、119d后测定了不同浓度下免疫草鱼的血清抗体滴度。采用方法简单、成本低廉的琼脂扩散法 ,即可测出有效免疫浓度下的血清抗体滴度为 1:8～ 1:16,相应浓度下的免疫保护力为 80 %～ 10 0 %     

高寒鲤染色体核型分析

采用植物血球凝集素（ＰＨＡ）体内注射,肾组织细胞短期培养,常规空气干燥法制备了高寒鲤染色体,核型分析结果是：高寒鲤染色体的核型公式为２ｎ＝１００＝２８ｍ＋２８ｓｍ＋４４ｓｔｔ,染色体臂数ＮＦ＝１５６。     

水环境中Ni~(2+)对鲤鱼鳃和肝脏的组织损伤

为研究水环境中Ni~(2+)对鲤鱼鳃和肝脏的组织损伤,将鲤鱼(Cyprinuscarpio)暴露在Ni~(2+)浓度为0、0.55、0.62、0.72、0.83、0.96、1.09、1.25mmol/L的水环境中进行急性毒性试验,并通过组织切片观察鳃和肝脏的组织病理变化。结果显示,Ni~(2+)对鲤鱼的96h半数致死浓度(LC_(50))为0.72 mmol/L,安全浓度(SC)为0.007 2 mmol/L。高浓度Ni~(2+)(1.25 mmol/L)试验组鲤鱼的鳃小片呼吸上皮细胞坏死、脱落,肝血窦淤血,肝细胞核固缩;中低浓度Ni~(2+)(0.72～1.09mmol/L)试验组鲤鱼的鳃小片呼吸上皮水肿浮离、细胞增生,血窦充血,肝细胞胞浆空泡化。表明水环境中的Ni~(2+)浓度高于0.007 2mmol/L时会对鲤鱼的鳃和肝脏造成急性毒性,导致鳃和肝脏出现明显的组织病理变化。     

Effect of organic fertilizer on plankton primary productivity in fish ponds

The effect of cattle organic fertilizer on plankton primary production and related variables was tested in six Bulgarian fish ponds situated close to the town of Plovdiv in Bulgaria. At the beginning of the experiment (16th of May 2004, about 10 days after filling with water) a suppression of plankton metabolism was observed and after that the ponds treated with manure demonstrated significantly higher productivity than the controls, especially during the transition to the autumn season when the water column was more regularly mixed. The other measured variables (Secchi disk readings, plankton chlorophyll-a and respiration, assimilation number per unit chlorophyll-a) did not show significant differences between the treated and control ponds.     

我国鲫鲤杂交的研究进展及展望

对鲫鲤鱼杂交的发展历程、新技术在鲫鲤杂交育种上的应用以及杂交受精生物学与生殖理论方面的研究进展进行了归纳总结 ,并就鲫鲤杂交父母本的选择、杂交F1 代的繁育生理学进行了讨论 ,对鲫鲤杂交育种进行了展望。     

鲤鱼IL8的克隆及序列分析*

 利用DD-RTPCR（正常鲤鱼外周血白细胞和经有丝分裂源刺激后白细胞的总RNA）获得的差异显示片段B₁₀克隆（编码IL8的一段序列）,对该基因进行DIG标记,对有丝分裂原刺激的鲤鱼外周血白细胞cDNA文库进行核酸杂交筛选,从0.8×10⁴个重组噬菌体中,经过2轮筛选最终获得阳性克隆,挑选了3个分别命名为IL8-1,IL8-2,IL8-3。测序后经NCBI Blast分析表明,阳性克隆具有完整阅读框架,均为编码鲤鱼IL8的全长cDNA,编码的多肽由98个氨基酸残基组成,其相对分子质量理论推导值为 10 848.9 Da,等电点为8.68。且与2003年12月Dev Comp Immunol.杂志报道的荷兰鲤鱼氨基酸的同源性达84%。     

A comparison between marine and terrestrial invertebrate meals for mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio) diets: Impact on growth,haematology and health

Invertebrate meals (e.g. polychaetes and insects) present novel and sustainable high‐quality nutrient sources for use in fish feed formulations. To test this innovative source, an eleven‐week feeding trial was conducted evaluating the effects of replacing the fishmeal (FM) component as an example of a superior protein source (FM CTRL) with ragworm meal (RW, Nereis virens) and/or silkworm pupae (SWP, Bombyx mori) in mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio) diets. Three experimental diets with partial replacement of FM (diets: RW + FM, SWP + FM and RW + SWP + FM) were formulated. All diets were formulated to be iso‐nitrogenous, iso‐lipidic and iso‐energetic. Growth performance and feed utilization indices were assessed, and the feeding trial concluded with the analysis of haematological parameters to provide an indication of carp physiological and health status. Mean weight gain was greatest in mirror carp fed RW + FM (60.83 fish^?1 day^?1; P < 0.05 vs. all other diets) followed by SWP + FM (40.62 g fish^?1 day^?1; P < 0.05 vs. all other diets). The least weight gain was achieved in fish fed FM + SWP + RW+ and FM CTRL (34.34 and 33.96 g fish^?1 day^?1, respectively; not significantly different from each other). Fish fed on RW + FM diet had significantly lower plasma ammonia concentrations than any other dietary groups (P = 0.04). Mirror carp fed on SWP + FM diet (111.52 units mL^?1) were observed to have a marked enhancement in alternative complement activity than FM CTRL (79.21 units mL^?1, P = 0.041). Both ragworm and silkworm pupae meal present attractive sustainable functional feed component in carp diets, with benefits on enhancing growth performance and specific physiological parameters.