“全红”和“粉玉”瓯江彩鲤体表组织中差异色素的鉴定

为了解"全红"和"粉玉"瓯江彩鲤(Cyprinus carpio var.color)体表组织中的差异色素,分别采用分光光度法和高效液相色谱方法对两种体色瓯江彩鲤的皮肤、鳍条和眼睛中的差异色素进行鉴定。分光光度法测定结果表明:"全红"皮肤中类胡萝卜素含量显著高于"粉玉"皮肤(P0.05),而蝶啶色素不存在显著性差异(P0.05)。随后通过高效液相色谱法对这两种体色的皮肤、眼睛和鳍条中类胡萝卜素的种类和含量进行鉴定,发现"全红"的皮肤、眼睛和鳍条中含有大量的以酯化形式存在的虾青素和黄体素,以及部分未知的类胡萝卜素,而"粉玉"的这些组织中检测不到虾青素和黄体素等类胡萝卜素。"全红"鳍条中虾青素含量最高为(28.00±3.61)mg/kg,而皮肤中的黄体素含量最高为(62.34±4.93)mg/kg。研究表明:虾青素和黄体素等类胡萝卜素是瓯江彩鲤红色体色的关键色素,蝶啶色素对红色没有作用,瓯江彩鲤白色体色存在类胡萝卜素的缺失现象。     

网箱养鳝模式对Cu2+的吸附和鱼生产性能的影响

为探讨网箱养鳝模式下空心莲子草和麦饭石对水体中Cu_²⁺的吸附效应和共生体系中黄鳝、鲤鱼存活率,增重率及肌肉Cu_²⁺含量的影响,试验选取健康黄鳝120尾,随机分成4组,每组设置3个重复,分别放养于网箱内;鲤鱼240尾,随机分成4组,每组设置3个重复,分别放养于网箱外水泥池中。饲养56 d。检测空心莲子草、麦饭石、水体Cu_²⁺含量和黄鳝、鲤鱼的存活率,增重率及肌肉Cu_²⁺含量。结果表明,空心莲子草和麦饭石对水体中的Cu_²⁺均有较强的吸附作用,水体Cu_²⁺浓度明显降低;随水体Cu_²⁺浓度升高,黄鳝和鲤鱼的存活率、增重率明显降低,肌肉中Cu_²⁺含量显著升高。     

Comparative functional responses of native and high‐impacting invasive fishes: impact predictions for native prey populations

Comparative functional responses (FRs) can predict impacts of invasive species, including piscivorous fishes, via quantifying their depletion of native food resources as a function of prey density. The utility of FRs for predicting impacts on prey populations by invasive fishes of different trophic guilds was tested here by comparing the FRs of the invaders Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus, with three native, trophically analogous fishes, Barbus barbus, Squalius cephalus and Tinca tinca. Chironomid larvae and Gammarus pulex were used as prey items. Predictions, developed from studies on the foraging of C. carpio and C. auratus in the literature, were that the invaders would have significantly higher consumption rates for chironomids than the native fishes, but not for G. pulex. Mean consumption rates for chironomids were significantly lower for both invaders than B. barbus and S. cephalus, but were similar to T. tinca. Barbus barbus had a significantly lower consumption rate of G. pulex than both invaders, but there were no significant differences between S. cephalus, T. tinca and the invaders. All FRs were type II, with FR curves for the invaders preying upon chironomids never being significantly higher than the native fishes, contrary to predictions. For G. pulex, some significant differences were apparent between the invaders and native fishes, but again were contrary to predictions. These results indicated that when predation impacts of invasive fishes could also be a function of their population density and body sizes, these parameters should be incorporated into FR models to improve impact predictions.     

饥饿和重摄食对鲤鱼脂蛋白脂肪酶活性的影响

采用对硝基苯酚法测定正常摄食、饥饿(14 d)和重摄食(3 d)状态下鲤鱼不同组织和器官中脂肪酶及脂蛋白脂肪酶(lipoproteinlipase,LPL)的活性。结果显示:与正常摄食相比,饥饿鲤鱼肌肉、脂肪和心脏中脂肪酶比活力显著下降(P0.05),但脂肪和心脏中LPL比活力显著升高(P0.05);除脂肪中LPL外,重摄食3d的鲤鱼各组织和器官中脂肪酶和LPL比活力比正常摄食和饥饿鲤鱼均显著升高(P0.05),有明显的补偿作用。     

鲤鱼肠道中4种细菌的分离与生化鉴定

为研究健康鲤鱼肠道菌群组成情况,为其饲料添加剂和水质改良剂的开发利用提供基础资料,试验对鲤鱼肠道中的细菌进行分离培养,通过形态特征观察、生化试验进行鉴定.结果:在鲤鱼肠道中分离出4种细菌,分别为:金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphyloccocus aureus)、沙门氏菌(salmonella)、粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis).     

镉污染对鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio Linn.）同工酶酶谱的影响

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和酶活性测定技术,比较和分析了饲养于不同浓度镉液中的鲤鱼在镉含量达到积累－释放平衡后,其肌肉和肝脏组织的酯酶同工酶,碱性磷酸酶同工酶及过氧化物同工酶酶谱。结果不同浓度镉液中的鲤鱼在镉含量达到镉的残留量使鲤鱼肌肉和直脏组织酯酶同工酶和三性磷酸酶同工酶谱带减少,活性减弱;过氧化物酶同工酶谱带增多,活性增强。     

CaCl2对鲫鱼血清Ca^2＋浓度的影响

鲫鱼体腔注入０．６８ＭＣａＣｌ２后２－１６小时血清Ｃａ＾２＋浓度显著高于正常对照组,但其数值随时间的延长而逐渐降低,１６小时后继续降低,到４８小时其值显著低于正常对照组,低血钙状态持续到９６小时,我们认为Ｃａ＾２＋浓度的这种变化特征与斯坦尼小体的功能密切相关。     

Enhancing Growth of Common Carp, Rohu and Mozambique Tilapia through Plant Substrate: The Role of Bacterial Biofilm

Experiments were conducted to enhance the growth of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) through use of sugarcane bagasse as substrate. Bagasse was suspended in water with or without supplementation with fertilizers. Bagasse supplemented with cattle dung and urea favoured higher zooplankton production and significantly (p < 0.05) increased fish growth by over 50% compared to bagasse or fertilizers on their own. This higher production of fish is attributed to bacterial biofilm promoted on the substrate which, apart from forming food for zooplankton and fish, contributed to improved water quality by lowering ammonia.     

兴国红鲤和散鳞镜鲤杂种优势的RAPD分析

运用随机扩增多态ＤＮＡ方法对兴国红鲤,苏联镜鲤,德国镜锂及它们的杂交后代进行遗传分析。结果表明：兴国红鲤与苏联镜锂的杂交子一代接受双亲的遗传物质是相等的,而兴国红鲤与德国镜鲤的杂交子一代接受父本的遗传物质稍多一次。计算了两组杂交子一代的多态性位点比例和平均杂合度,兴国红鲤和苏联镜锂杂种一代的多态性位点比例为０．３６８４,平均杂合度０．１４８７;兴国红鲤与德国镜鲤杂种一代的多态性位点比例为０．３７３     

鲤竖鳞病病原及其疫苗的研究

对发生在山东境内的鲤竖鳞病进行了病原学研究,经过病原分离,人工感染实验和细菌学鉴定,确定豚鼠气单胞菌（Ａｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓｃａｕｉａｅ）是鲤竖鳞病的病原菌,在此基础上,得到了免疫原性较高和生产工艺简单的鲤竖鳞病疫苗,同时,对该疫功的安全性,免疫保护力和效价等进行了系统研究,并进行了一定范围的口服免疫应用试验。