淮北地区麦茬机插优质食味粳稻氮肥减量的精确运筹

当前"减氮"成为优质食味粳稻种植措施之一,但减氮后的氮肥科学运筹方案尚不够明确,需进一步研究。2018—2019年,选用优质食味粳稻品种‘南粳505’和‘南粳2728’为材料,前茬麦秸秆全量还田,采用机插方式,在总施氮量较当地常规施氮量减少20%条件下,设置基蘖肥和穗肥比例分别为5∶5、6∶4、7∶3和8∶2四种氮肥运筹比例,研究了淮北地区麦茬机插优质食味粳稻氮肥减量精确运筹。结果表明,随着基蘖肥占总施氮量比例增加,产量呈先增后降趋势, 7∶3处理产量最高, 2年达11,134.80～11,280.19 kg hm–2,较CK增产1.23%～2.54%,但差异不显著; 7∶3处理群体高产,在于能获得充足的群体颖花量、较高的结实率和千粒重。随着基蘖肥比例增加,有效分蘖临界叶龄期、拔节期群体干物质积累量呈增加趋势;抽穗期、成熟期、抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累量、最终氮素积累量及氮素利用率,呈先增后降趋势,均以7∶3处理最高。与常规施氮处理相比,减氮处理通过增加前期施氮肥比例(7∶3),能确保群体后期获得较高的干物质积累量;成熟期氮素积累量较小,但显著提升了氮素吸收利用率,较CK高14.10%～...     

机械插秧与条播对盐粳15号生育性状与品质的影响

对水稻新品种盐粳15号2018、2019年连续2年在江苏盐城地区机插和机条播2种栽培方式的种植表现进行考察,主要测试该品种的生育期安全性、叶龄、分蘖动态、产量和品质性状。结果表明,该品种在盐城地区具有安全稳定的生育期,2年机插条件下全生育期分别为158、155 d,机条播条件下全生育期分别为138、134 d。该品种分蘖能力强,机插条件下2年成穗数分别为25.8万、26.1万个/667 m^2,机条播条件下2年成穗数分别为28.8万、27.9万个/667 m^2。该品种产量潜力高,2年机插和机条播产量均在700 kg/667 m^2以上。该品种机插条件下直链淀粉含量2年分别为15.3%、15.6%,蛋白质含量分别为9.8%、9.7%;机条播条件下直链淀粉含量2年分别为16.2%、16.7%,蛋白质含量分别为9.1%、9.0%。     

Application timing of herbicides,glyphosate and atrazine,sway respective epidemics of foliar pathogens in herbicide-tolerant rapeseed

Rapeseed (Brassica napus) production in Australia relies heavily on triazine-or glyphosate-tolerant cultivars. For 14 triazine-tolerant cultivars, disease development of Neopseudocercosporella capsellae (white leaf spot), Alternaria brassicae and A. japonica (Alternaria leaf spot), and Hyaloperonospora brassicae (downy mildew) were all dependent upon herbicide application timing (p < 0.001), with significant differences between cultivars (p < 0.001) and a significant interaction (p < 0.001) between herbicide application timing and cultivars. Atrazine applied preinfection by N. capsellae, A. brassicae, or A. japonica enhanced disease incidence, severity, and leaf collapse, while atrazine application postinfection for these same pathogens reduced all three disease parameters. However, for H. brassicae, application of atrazine after, and especially prior to, infection resulted in lower disease incidence, severity, and leaf collapse. Application of glyphosate on five glyphosate-tolerant cultivars for N. capsellae resulted in significant differences (p < 0.05) between glyphosate application treatments, and between host cultivars in terms of incidence and consequent leaf collapse. For A. brassicae, A. japonica, and H. brassicae, glyphosate resulted in significant differences (p < 0.001) across application timings between cultivars, and a significant interaction (p < 0.001) between herbicide application timings and cultivars. Glyphosate applied on glyphosate-resistant rapeseed after, and especially prior to, attack by H. brassicae, reduced downy mildew. These are the first studies to highlight how the timing of application of triazine or glyphosate in relation to pathogen infection is critical to the susceptibility of rapeseed to white leaf spot, Alternaria leaf spot, and downy mildew. This new understanding offers fresh possibilities for improved management of these diseases in herbicide-tolerant rapeseed crops.     

忍冬种子生物学特性研究进展

忍冬(Lonicera japonica Thunb.)为常用中药金银花与忍冬藤的原植物,在山东、河南、河北、陕西、安徽等地均有大面积种植。生产中主要采用茎枝扦插繁殖,种子繁殖很少被关注。由于种子实生苗具有适应性强、易驯化等优点,使种子繁殖成为改良种质、选育优良品种的有效途径。本文对忍冬种子生物学特性研究进行了系统总结,旨在为促进种子萌发、保证苗齐苗壮、充分发挥种子繁殖在生产中的积极作用提供参考。     

Effects of CuSO4 and Uniconazole on Mature Embryo Culture in Japonica Rice

In order to establish the system of high frequency plant regeneration for japonica rice mature embryos, the effects of different concentrations of CuSO4 and uniconazole on in vitro culture of mature embryos were studied using three rice cultivars of Kongyu 131, Longjing 24, and Dongnong 425 as test materials. The results showed that callus induction and differentiation of japonica rice mature embryos were apparently improved on the medium with 10-15 μmol·L-1 CuSO4 and 0.50-1.00 mg·L-1 uniconazole. Induction and differentiation rates of different genotype rice mature embryos displayed different sensitivities to CuSO4 and uniconazole. For the callus induction frequency of three varieties, the optimal concentration of CuSO4 was 15.0 mol·L-1. When the concentration of CuSO4 was 15 μmol·L-1, the plantlet differentiation rates of Kongyu 131 and Dongnong 425 got to the highest, while the concentration of CuSO4 was 10 μmol·L-1 for Longjing 24. For the callus induction and plantlet differentiation rates of Kongyu 131 and Dongnong 425, the ideal concentration of uniconazole was 0.50 mg·L-1 and for Longjing 24 was 1.00 mg·L-1.     

优质常规粳稻南粳5055高产栽培技术

总结了优质常规粳稻新品种南粳5055的特征特性,并介绍了其高产栽培技术,包括适期播种、合理密植、肥料运筹、定量灌溉、病虫草害综合防治等内容,以期为南粳5055在江淮地区的推广应用提供参考。     

干旱胁迫下3种结缕草的抗旱性分析

通过在塑料大棚内进行盆栽试验,比较兰引3号、新品系ZS-1和ZS-SJZ 3个结缕草品种的抗旱性强弱.分别测定叶片相对含水量(RWC)、叶片相对电导率(REC)、脯氨酸含量(Pro)和可溶性总糖含量(TSC)4个生理指标,观测了叶片的萎蔫情况和复水后的恢复情况.结果表明:在干旱胁迫下,3种结缕草的RWC逐步下降,REC、Pro含量和TSC逐渐上升,但不同草种的变化幅度不同.其中兰引3号的RWC下降幅度最小,REC和Pro含量上升幅度最慢,TSC上升幅度最大,且萎蔫时间晚,复水后恢复速度快.而ZS-1和ZS-SJZ的RWC、REC和TSC变化幅度差异不大,但ZS-1的Pro上升幅度较ZS-SJZ小,且萎蔫时间晚.综合评价,3种结缕草的抗旱性强弱顺序为:兰引3号＞ZS-1＞ZS-SJZ.     

晚粳水稻新品种在蛙稻生态种养模式下的种植表现研究

为筛选出适合在青浦地区蛙稻生态种养模式下推广种植的中晚熟水稻品种,于2013年开展晚粳水稻新品种适应性试验,观察其种植表现。试验结果表明,常规稻品种清香软粳、沪软12-12,和杂交稻品种花优14和秋优金丰产量较高、米质优良,抗病虫害较强,均适合在青浦地区蛙稻生态种养模式下推广种植。     

海带和条斑紫菜凝集素提取液对刺参体壁主要免疫酶活性的影响

为探讨凝集素提取液对刺参Apostichopus japonicus免疫的影响,将刺参基础饲料中分别添加质量分数为0·64%、1·28%、2·56%的海带凝集素提取液,或质量分数为1·88%、3·76%、7·52%的条斑紫菜凝集素提取液,分别投喂6个试验组刺参(体质量为3·50 g ±1·95 g),以基础饲料饲养组为对照,分别于投喂凝集素提取液后第4、8、12、17天时,检测各组刺参体壁中过氧化氢酶( CAT)、溶菌酶( LSZ)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)的活性。结果表明：投喂海带凝集素提取液后,各浓度组刺参CAT、 LSZ活性在第8、12、17天时均有显著或极显著提高(P<0·05或P<0·01),0·64%组ACP活性在第8、17天时有显著提高(P<0·05);投喂条斑紫菜凝集素提取液后,各浓度组刺参CAT活性在第8、12、17天时有显著或极显著提高( P<0·05或P<0·01),7·52%组LSZ活性在第8天时有显著提高( P<0·05), AKP活性在第4、17天时有极显著提高( P<0·01), ACP活性在第12天时7·52%组有极显著提高( P<0·01),第17天时各浓度组均有显著或极显著提高(P<0·05或P<0·01)。研究表明,海带和条斑紫菜凝集素提取液均能提高剌参体壁中CAT、 LSZ、 AKP、 ACP的活性,显著增强剌参非特异性免疫水平,将其作为刺参免疫增强剂具有广阔的应用前景。     

结缕草‘Zenith’离体培养植株再生体系优化研究

以结缕草Zoysia japonica栽培品种‘Zenith’的成熟种子为外植体,通过调整2,4 D浓度和凝固剂种类及其浓度,进行结缕草离体培养植株再生体系优化的研究。结果表明：愈伤组织诱导的适宜培养基为MS+2,4 D 4.0 mg/L,愈伤组织诱导率为69.97%,其中胚性愈伤组织诱导率达28.78%。胚性愈伤组织包括2种类型：淡黄色、湿润的小颗粒聚集状愈伤组织(27.36%)和黄色、干燥、颗粒状愈伤组织(1.42%)。以结冷胶为凝固剂,有利于提高愈伤组织的诱导率。提高愈伤组织继代培养基中的琼脂浓度,有利于保持胚性愈伤组织的植株再生能力。适宜的愈伤组织分化培养基为MS+KT 4.0 mg/L或MS+6 BA 3.0 mg/L,绿苗分化率达90%以上。适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS ,生根率100%。