The effect of high ambient temperature on Ca,P and Mg balance and bone turnover in high‐yielding dairy cows

We investigated the effect of heat stress on Ca, P and Mg balance and bone turnover in lactating cows. In a 2 × 2 crossover design, four multiparous lactating Holstein cows were kept in a chamber and subjected to a constant moderate (18°C) ambient temperature (MT) or high (28°C) ambient temperature (HT). The cows were fed total mixed ration (Ca, 0.7%; P, 0.4%; Mg, 0.2%) ad libitum. The milk yield under HT (35.4 kg/day) tended to be lower (P < 0.10) than that under MT (43.2 kg/day). The concentrations of milk P (P < 0.05) and Mg (P < 0.01) were significantly lower under HT than MT. The Ca, P and Mg intake (P < 0.10); Ca (P < 0.10), P, and Mg (P < 0.05) secretion into milk; and Ca (P < 0.05), P (P < 0.01), and Mg (P < 0.05) absorption in the intestine were lower under HT than MT. The plasma osteocalcin, a marker of bone turnover, was significantly lower (P < 0.05) under HT than MT. Heat stress did not affect plasma C‐telopeptide of collagen type I, a bone resorption marker, and plasma parathyroid hormone concentration.     

Integrated tool for microsatellite isolation and validation from the reference genome and their application in the study of breeding turnover in an endangered avian population

Accurate individual identification is required to estimate survival rates in avian populations. For endangered species, non‐invasive methods of obtaining individual identification, such as using molted feathers as a source of DNA for microsatellite markers, are preferred because of less disturbance, easy sample preparation and high efficiency. With the availability of many avian genomes, a few pipelines isolating genome‐wide microsatellites have been published, but it is still a challenge to isolate microsatellites from the reference genome efficiently. Here, we have developed an integrated tool comprising a bioinformatic pipeline and experimental procedures for microsatellite isolation and validation based on the reference genome. We have identified over 95 000 microsatellite loci and established a system comprising 10 highly polymorphic markers (PIC value: 0.49–0.93, mean: 0.79) for an endangered species, saker falcon (Falco cherrug). These markers (except 1) were successfully amplified in 126 molted feathers, exhibiting high amplification success rates (83.9–99.7%), high quality index (0.90–0.97) and low allelic dropout rates (1–9.5%). To further assess the efficiency of this marker system in a population study, we identified individual sakers using these molted feathers (adult) and 146 plucked feathers (offspring). The use of parent and offspring samples enabled us to infer the genotype of missing samples (N = 28), and all adult genotypes were used to ascertain that breeding turnover is a useful proxy for survival estimation in sakers. Our study presents a cost‐effective tool for microsatellite isolation based on publicly available reference genomes and demonstrates the power of this tool in estimating key parameters of avian population dynamics.     

基于土地利用的内蒙古牧区生态系统服务时空变化(2000-2015)

内蒙古牧区是我国北方生态安全屏障,生态脆弱,近年来开发强度大,土地利用变化明显.本文以内蒙古牧区为研究区,利用遥感地理信息系统和模型模拟的方法,通过2000—2015年土地利用转移矩阵和变化动态分析,了解生态系统服务碳固定、土壤保持演变特征,开展土地利用变化及碳固定、土壤保持评价,为牧区土地资源管理提供科学支撑.结果表...     

徐麦35高产高效增密减氮途径及其碳氮代谢调控机制

为探究增密减氮栽培途径的可行性及其碳氮代谢调控机制,于2019-2020年以徐麦35为材料,设置不同密肥组合,研究增密减氮对产量和氮效率的调控作用.结果 表明,适当减少施氮量,徐麦35的氮素农学效率(NAE)、氮肥偏生产力(PFP)、氮素生理效率(PE)、氮收获指数(NHI)均显著增加.开花期和成熟期的碳氮比(C/N)...     

城市生态系统土壤碳储量的研究进展

介绍国内外估算城市生态系统土壤碳储量的研究进展,并提出今后发展的方向。     

不同施肥处理下大豆品种辽豆15根系性状的比较

以大豆品种辽豆15作为试材,设置不施肥、复合肥和复合益生菌3个处理,比较不同施肥条件下大豆根系形态、根瘤数量、根瘤干重和根冠比的差异,结果表明,在大豆分枝期、开花期或鼓粒期,与不施肥相比,施用复合肥条件降低了辽豆15的根长、根系表面积、根毛数量、根瘤数量、根瘤干重和根冠比;施用复合益生菌则提高了辽豆15的根长、根系表面...     

高寒沙区中间锦鸡儿人工林细根动态及其周转

通过对青海省治沙试验站3 a、5 a、10 a、16 a和30 a生的中间锦鸡儿(Caragana intermedia Kuang et H. C.Fu)人工林细根生物量的测定分析,了解其细根生物量的垂直分布和动态变化特征以及周转速率。结果表明:①中间锦鸡儿人工林约41%的活细根和39%的死细根分布在0~20 cm的土层,38%的活细根和死细根分布在20~40 cm的土层,21%的活细根和23%的死细根分布在40~60 cm的土层。②细根生物量表现出明显的季节动态性,活细根生物量峰值出现在6月和8月或者6月和9月,8月或9月达到最大值;死细根生物量峰值出现8月和9月,也是8月或9月达到最大值。③不同林龄人工林细根周转速率分别为:0. 53、0. 66、0. 56、0. 73、0. 78次·a^-1。④细根生物量和周转率均随林龄增大而增加,随土层加深而减小。     

供氮水平对落叶松根系碳、氮积累与分配的影响

在温室中采用沙培培养与处理落叶松幼苗,并将落叶松幼苗分级,测定其碳、氮质量分数。结果表明:落叶松幼苗根系中的碳质量分数随氮处理水平的增高而降低,而碳积累量和碳收获指数则随氮处理水平的升高而升高;在不同级根中,落叶松幼苗的碳质量分数和积累量也表现出随根级升高而增加的趋势;全根的碳积累量、氮积累量与生物量对氮素供应水平的响应基本一致,表现出随氮素供应水平提高而增加的趋势;氮素的积累量只有在高氮供应条件下才显著提高(32mmol.L-1);氮收获指数与碳收获指数表现出类似的规律。各级根的C/N值均随氮处理水平的升高而呈下降的趋势,但不同级别的根差异不显著。     

不同施肥处理对大豆生育期内土壤微生物的影响

研究长期不同施肥处理措施条件下,大豆在不同生育期中土壤细菌数量的动态变化与土壤微生物总数的动态变化之间的关系及其变化趋势.结果表明,土壤细菌数量的动态变化决定土壤微生物总数的动态变化,各处理土壤中细菌总数由花期逐渐增加,结荚期达最大值,到成熟期明显下降.各个时期土壤微生物量碳的变化与土壤细菌数量的变化趋势一致,有机 无机肥可明显提高土壤微生物数量和微生物碳量.     

炭基花生专用肥及有机肥替代部分化肥在花生上的使用效果

采用田间小区试验方法,研究炭基花生专用肥以及有机肥替代部分化肥与普通三元复合肥及不施肥相比,对花生产量、生物学性状、经济性状的影响,结果显示：炭基花生专用肥和有机肥对花生产量的提高有显著效果,能够增加花生分枝数和结果枝数,提高单株生产力,增加饱果数,提高百果重、百仁重、出仁率、荚果饱满度等各项经济指标。两者配合施用增产效果更加突出,其中处理5炭基花生专用肥450kg/hm_²+有机肥2160kg/ hm_²(有机肥中N+P₂O₅+K₂O替代40%炭基肥基准用量中氮磷钾)较为理想。