鲫(♀)×禾花鱼(♂)杂交及杂交F1、亲本的形态特征研究

本实验对鲫(Carassius auratus,♀)×禾花鱼(Procypris merus,♂)的杂交进行了研究,并比较分析杂交子一代(F1代)及其亲本的形态特征.结果显示:杂交获得杂种F1的受精率为92.5%、孵化率为89.3%,成活率82.9%.6月龄F1代7项测定的可数性状均偏向母本;可量性状中F1有5项偏向母...     

彭泽鲫的受精细胞学

对彭泽鲫与兴国红鲤受精细胞学所作研究表明,彭泽鲫属雌核发育种群。异源精子能正常进入彭泽鲫儿子内,瑷 精卵中异源精子呈凝缩状态,不形成雄性原核,没有看到两性原核融合。在刚产出的成熟卵子中没有看到极体,受精后１２ｍｉｎ见到唯一的一个极体排出,雌性原核自行发育。     

瓯江鲫鱼胸鳍的波动性不对称、两性异形和生育

研究浙江瓯江鲫鱼胸鳍的波动性不对称、两性异形和生育力。雌雄两性的鳍长、鳍条数的不对称均属波动性不对称。雌雄两性的胸鳍长和鳍条数的不对称指数之间相关关系不显著。雌性个体显著大于雄性个体,特定体长的雄性胸鳍长显著大于雌性,雄性的鳍条数显著大于雌性。鳍长和鳍条数的不对称指数雌雄两性差异不显著,雌雄两性鳍条数对称个体的比例差异不显著。以体长和时间为控制变量,怀卵数量与鳍长和鳍条数的不对称指数具有显著的负相关,与鳍长和鳍条数的相关不显著。以体长和发育时间为控制变量,平均卵重与鳍条数的不对称指数具有显著的正相关,与其他变量的相关不显著。分析表明,雄性较大的胸鳍可能与雄性的性选择有关,胸鳍的波动性不对称可能提供了一种发育历程的指示,间接影响雌性生育力。     

饥饿对鲫鱼血液生理生化指标和流变学性质的影响

研究了饥饿对鲫鱼血液生理生化指标和流变学性质的影响.于21±1℃条件下,在室内水族箱内对鲫鱼进行了为期28d的饥饿实验,分别在饥饿开始后的0、7、14、21、28d取样并测定了其血液生理生化指标和全血粘度.结果表明血液中红细胞数和红细胞压积分别在饥饿后7d和14d内显著下降,而白细胞数和红细胞沉降率分别在饥饿后7d和21d内显著上升;鲫鱼血清中的血糖对饥饿特别敏感,在饥饿后7d内明显下降(P＜0.05),此后几周变化不明显(P＞0.05);总蛋白和白蛋白在饥饿后7d内均有所增加,然后下降;谷丙转氨酶活性在饥饿后14d内明显下降,甘油三脂和总胆固醇在饥饿后21d内明显下降;饥饿对鲫鱼血清钙离子浓度和碱性磷酸酶活性没有显著性影响.全血粘度值在饥饿后14d内下降,随后全血粘度值逐渐增加,到饥饿后28d时仍低于正常值.结果提示,饥饿对鲫鱼大部分血液生理生化指标和血液流变学性质有显著性影响.     

芙蓉鲤鲫(芙蓉鲤♀×红鲫♂)的性腺组织学及繁殖性能研究

采用解剖观察、组织切片及人工催情等方法,研究芙蓉鲤鲫(Cyprinus capiofurong.♀×Carassius auratus red var.♂)的性腺发育及繁殖性能。结果显示:解剖观察,芙蓉鲤鲫性腺发育异常的个体占83.64%,性腺外观基本正常的个体占16.36%。组织学观察,芙蓉鲤鲫性腺可分三类:两性嵌合体占21.13%,其中以精巢为主的16.90%,以卵巢为主的4.23%,它们性腺发育迟缓,在繁殖季节成熟系数也没有明显变化,性腺多为一侧发育或两侧不对称,两种性腺细胞均不能成熟;雌性个体占40.84%,在生殖季节卵巢可发育到第IV时相,但未见其细胞核发生偏移;雄性个体,占38.03%,在生殖季节只能发育到精子细胞阶段,不能产生成熟的精子。经人工催产,芙蓉鲤鲫少部分个体有发情产卵行为但不能正常受精。结果表明芙蓉鲤鲫为两性败育类型。     

投喂节律对异育银鲫氮收支的影响

在水温(28±1)℃、自然光照条件下,以4种投喂节律饲养异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)60d,并测定异育银鲫氮的收支。其中对照组为每天投喂,3个试验组分别为投喂1d后饥饿1d、投喂2d后饥饿1d、投喂4d后饥饿1d。结果显示,3个试验组的摄食氮(mg/(g.d))显著高于对照组;以占摄食氮比例来观察,试验组的氮收支模式与对照组差异显著(P<0.05);以占吸收氮比例来观察,4组模式无显著差异。     

苯磺隆对鲫鱼肝细胞内膜系统形态和转氨酶活性的影响

为揭示苯磺隆对水生生物细胞生物标志物——内膜系统和转氨酶〔谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)〕的影响,采用等比数列设计质量浓度梯度对鲫鱼进行慢性中毒试验。结果表明:随苯磺隆质量浓度的增加,鲫鱼肝细胞内膜系统中线粒体肿胀及空泡化,内质网空泡化,异噬型溶酶体增多。0.64～5.07mg/L的苯磺隆处理24h、48h、96h,均使上述2种转氨酶活性增强,96h、10.14mg/L苯磺隆处理组GPT活性明显低于同等质量浓度下48h处理组,提示苯磺隆对水生生物标志物具有一定的毒性影响。     

彭泽鲫的分子遗传分析及其与方正银鲫A系的比较

Genetic homogeneity between Pengze crucian carp and strain A of silver crucian carp was studied by using transferrin,isozyme and RAPD markers.The studied individuals of Pengze crucian carp showed transferring patterns were the same of silver crucian carp A strain while distinct from those of other crucian carp populations.As far as isozyme is concerned,the MDH,LDH and EST are all of the same with only slight differences in SOD between them.The RPAD patterns clearly indicated high homogeneity among 16 individuals (6 sampled from individuals of two years old and the others aged one) from crucian carp of Pengze and 5 individuals from strain A of silver crucain carp.Nearly indentical banding patterns were observed among all individuals.Average genetic distance within all the individuals is only 0.011,suggesting crucian carp of Pengze might possess indentical genetic background with strain A of silver crucian carp.     

Effects of dietary lipid levels on growth performance,whole body composition and fatty acid composition of juvenile gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)

We evaluated the effects of dietary lipid levels on the growth, whole body composition and fatty acid composition of juvenile gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). Triplicate groups of 120 juvenile Carassius auratus gibelio (average weight: 2.05 g) were fed four isonitrogenic diets formulated with lipid levels of 1.4% (low), 6.1% (control), 11.6% (medium) and 21.1% (high) for 60 days. Weight gain in the 11.6% lipid group was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio decreased and protein efficiency ratio increased (P > 0.05) as dietary lipid levels increased. N‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were not detected in faeces. The whole body lipid contents of 11.6% and 21.1% lipid level groups were significantly higher than that of the 1.4% and 6.1% lipid level groups (P < 0.05). The content of whole body n‐3 PUFA in the 21.1% lipid level group enhanced significantly (P < 0.05). The whole body contents of eicosapntemacnioc acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the 21.1% lipid level group were the highest (P < 0.05). These results indicated that high dietary lipid levels (21.1%) inhibit weight gain and promoted fat and n‐3 PUFA deposition in juvenile Carassius auratus gibelio, which led to liver damage. A dietary lipid level of 11.6% was determined to be optimal for growth performance of juvenile Carassius auratus gibelio.     

不同脂肪源对异育银鲫形体与血液生化指标的影响

在基础料中分别添加4%的鱼油、豆油、猪油、花生油和混合油(鱼油、豆油、猪油质量比为3∶4∶3),制成5种等氮试验饲料,饲喂初始体质量为(6.04±0.05) g 的异育银鲫60 d,以考察5种脂肪源对异育银鲫形体指标和血清生化指标的影响.结果表明:猪油组的肝体指数与脏体指数均最高,猪油组肝体指数显著高于鱼油组,猪油组脏体指数显著高于混合油组(P<0.05);各试验组鱼体肥满度差异不显著(P>0.05);各试验组总蛋白(TP)含量和白蛋白(ALB)含量的变化趋势相似,均为鱼油组显著高于猪油组(P<0.05),其余各组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);各试验组谷草转氨酶(AST)活性和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性的变化趋势相似,均为猪油组显著高于鱼油组(P<0.05),其余各试验组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);鱼油组甘油三酯(TG)含量最低,豆油组其次,均显著低于混合油组(P<0.05);鱼油组高密度脂蛋白(HDL–C)含量最高,花生油组其次,均显著高于猪油组(P<0.05);各试验组球蛋白(GLB)、胆固醇(CHO)、葡萄糖(BGLU)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL–C)、皮质醇、胰高血糖素(Glu)和胰岛素(Ins)的含量和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性差异不显著(P>0.05).在本试验5种脂肪源中,鱼油对异育银鲫形体与血液生化指标的作用效果最好,豆油、花生油和混合油其次,猪油最差