番茄抗叶霉病基因Cf19的抗性特点及遗传连锁分析

番茄抗叶霉病基因Cf19的抗性范围基本涵盖了中国目前分化出的所有叶霉菌生理小种,且抗性显著;台盼蓝染色结果显示该基因介导的抗性应答中出现明显的超敏反应,强度介于Cf4和Cf9基因之间;遗传连锁分析说明该基因的遗传特性符合单基因显性遗传规律;通过进一步SSR和AFLP分子标记连锁分析,共找到6个与Cf19基因连锁的分子标记,并将该基因初步定位于番茄1号染色体短臂区域。     

Water Relation, Photosynthetic Ability and Growth of Thai Jasmine Rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica cv. KDML 105) to Salt Stress by Application of Exogenous Glycinebetaine and Choline

Rice reportedly possesses a very low capacity to accumulate glycinebetaine (Glybet), but may be accumulated by the exogenous application of Glybet or Choline (Cho) as an alternative way to improve its salt‐tolerant ability. The aim of this research was to determine whether Glybet accumulation could be induced in Thai jasmine rice by the exogenous application of Glybet and Cho, and to determine the effects of Glybet and Cho treatment on various growth parameters of seedlings cultured under salt‐stress conditions. Thai jasmine rice seeds were aseptically germinated in vitro on solidified Murashige–Skoog media, supplied with either Glybet or Cho in the culture media for 12 days and then treated with 342 mm NaCl (salt stress) for 4 days. GlyBet content, water relation, photosynthetic capabilities and growth characteristics of salt‐stressed seedlings were measured. The addition of Glybet or Cho to plant culture media containing 342 mm NaCl resulted in increased accumulation of Glybet in rice seedlings. Increased Glybet accumulation was strongly associated with a high efficiency of water usage (r = 0.96), which in turn correlated with increased maximum quantum yield of PSII (F_v/F_m) (r = 0.86). Moreover, the pigment concentrations of seedlings cultured under salt stress were maintained by a function of Glybet, led to high efficiency of photochemical and non‐photochemical quenching of PSII as well as to exhibit on net photosynthetic rate. Thus, our results suggest that the addition of either Glybet or Cho to the plant growth media can improve growth performance under salt stress conditions by increasing the salt tolerance of Thai jasmine rice. The exogenous application of Glybet and/or Cho to culture media may be an effective method of improving resistance to salt stress via the promotion of Glybet accumulation with in rice seedlings.     

多溴联苯醚对大鼠肝细胞CYP1A2依赖性MROD活性的影响

采用未成熟SD大鼠肝细胞微粒体为试验材料,以2,3,7,8-四氯-二苯基-并-二哑噁英(2,3,7,8- tetrachlorobenzo-p-dioxin,TCDD)作为参照,利用甲氧基-异酚噁脱甲基酶(methoxyresorufin-O- demethylase,MROD)竞争性抑制动力学和荧光光谱法分析法,测定了5种多溴联苯(polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)对7-甲氧基-异酚噁唑脱甲基反应的影响,间接研究了这些PBDEs对CYP1A2 的竞争性抑制作用。结果表明,和TCDD相比,PBDEs对MROD活性的抑制作用较弱,亦即对CYP1A2的 竞争性抑制作用较弱。     

水分胁迫下甘薯叶绿素a／b比值的变化及其与抗旱性的关系

通过对室外旱池处理条件下的甘薯叶片叶绿素含量变化的研究,结果表明,水分胁迫下甘薯各品种叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b及总叶绿素含量比对照均有所下降,叶绿素a/b比值比对照也有所下降,且叶绿素a/b比值占对照百分率与品种抗旱性呈极显著负相关(r=-0.8509,P＜0.01).因此,可以用叶绿素a/b比值下降的程度来评定甘薯品种的抗旱性.     

模拟酸雨对杨梅生理生化特征的影响

研究了不同强度模拟酸雨对6年生东魁杨梅生理生化特征的影响。结果表明:随着模拟酸雨胁迫加剧,叶片可见伤害症状严重,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量以及叶绿素a/b比值显著降低,光系统I(IPSII)的潜在化学活性(Fv/Fo)和最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)显著降低,水分利用效率和光合能力显著下降,细胞质膜透性增加,MDA含量增加,SOD、POD和CAT活性受到明显抑制,从而抑制杨梅的生长发育。     

SCAR marker tagged to the alien leaf rust resistance gene Lr19 uniquely marking the Agropyron elongatum-derived gene Lr24 in wheat: a revision

A sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker tagged to an Agropyron elongatum‐derived leaf rust resistance (Lr) gene Lr19 was validated on 18 known alien Lr gener in near‐isogenic lines (NILs) in the variety ‘Thatcher’, along with three wheat cultivers carrying Lr24 and two carrying Lr19. The marker was expressed only in the Lr24 lines confirming that the marker tagged the geneLr24. The monomorphic expression of the SCAR marker in 10NIL pairs for Lr19 and Lr24 revealed that each NIL pair possessed the same gene, Lr24. The donor parents used in the NIL pairs for Lr19 (‘Sunstar*6/C80‐1′) and Lr24 (‘TR380‐14*7/3Ag#14′) amplified the same fragment. Nonsegregation for leaf rust in the F₂ population of the cross between the above donor parents confirmed the presence of the same gene in the two parents. Apparently, a genuine parent stock of ‘Sunstar*6/C80‐1’ was not involved in the development of the NIL pairs for Lr19 due to an improper maintence bredding protocol either at source or destination which went undetected in the absence of signs of virulence for either gene in the region.     

不同水分条件下小麦旗叶叶绿素a荧光参数与子粒灌浆速率

利用OS－30型叶绿素荧光分析仪研究水分胁迫对小麦旗叶叶绿素a荧光动力学参数的影响。结果表明，水分胁迫下旗叶的T1／2值减少，旗叶光系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）原初光能转化效率（Fv/Fm)和潜在活性（Fv/Fo)降低，光合作用的潜在活力降低，这些参数下降影响了光合电子的传递和CO2同化的正常进行，表现在可变荧光淬灭速率减慢，可变荧光下降比值减小。同时还讨论了水分胁迫对灌浆速率的影响。     

外遮阳对连栋塑料温室内光环境的影响研究

为探索外遮阳网材料对温室内光环境的影响，借助热辐射的相关理论，在详细分析太阳辐射在温室内传播过程的基础上，建立了在外遮阳覆盖条件下连栋塑料温室内光环境的预测模型。通过对相同透射率、不同反射率外遮阳材料覆盖下模型温室内光照度的测试显示：模拟结果和实测值吻合较好，且遮阳网的反射率越高，温室内光照环境越好。     

Terrestrial Ecotoxicity of Eight Chemicals in a Systematic Approach (7 pp)

Background and Objective   Terrestrial ecotoxicity data are required for many research purposes. The data are derived either from the literature or elaborated by own investigations. As the terrestrial toxicity tests are usually time-consuming and labour intensive, the experiments are performed with a limited number of test organisms and soils. In the context of a project sponsored by CEFIC-LRI (European Chemical Industry Council – Long-Range Research Initiative), EC50-values were systematically elaborated for eight chemicals with a wide range of logKow-values (CdCl2, Trinitrotoluene, 3,4-dichloroaniline, 2,4-dichlorophenol, Tributyltinchloride, Pentachlorophenol, Benzo(a)pyrene, p,p-dichloro-2,2-diphenyl-1,1,1-trichloroethane). The substances were selected covering a broad range of physico-chemical and ecotoxicological properties. As toxicity endpoints, microbial activities, plant germination and growth as well as reproduction of earthworms and collembola were determined. As such systematic investigations are rarely performed and for some substances no data existed, the data pool is made available to the scientific community.Methods   All toxicity tests were conducted on three different soil types (sandy soil, silty soil, loamy soil), according to ISO and OECD guidelines Results, Discussion, Conclusion and Outlook   The different toxicities of the chemicals, the influence of soil properties on bioavailability as well as different sensitivities of test organisms and test parameters are reflected by the EC50-values. The results showed that the EC50-values calculated on the basis of nominal concentrations can significantly vary from EC50-values derived from analytical concentrations for some substances. To avoid false conclusions, this has to be considered especially when concentrations determined in the field are compared with toxicity data obtained from the literature or calculated on the basis of nominal concentrations. Moreover, the results indicate that terrestrial ecotoxicological tests should be accompanied by chemical analyses, to be sure to derive sound EC50-values. As the tests were performed according to international guidelines, the comprehensive data pool relevant for the terrestrial ecotoxicity of eight chemicals is considered to be of great value for further research and discussions dealing with the habitat function of soils.