Diet and movements of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) in a large oligotrophic lake with an exceptionally high pikeperch yield

Through the recent increases in abundance, pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) has not only become a valuable target for recreational and commercial fishing, but also the most important top predator in many lakes. Generally oligotrophic Lake Höytiäinen (283 km²) sustains one of the most economically valuable pikeperch stocks in Finland, and its annual fisheries yield (up to 5.5 kg/ha) is exceptionally high among Finnish lakes. Here, we followed seasonal movements of fish using conventional tagging, and studied short‐term and long‐term diet of pikeperch by stomach content and stable isotope analyses to examine if the movements were motivated by prey availability. A clear seasonal migration pattern was observed: in summer, 80% of the tag recoveries were obtained from the shallow and mesotrophic northern and western areas, whereas in autumn and winter, the deep and oligotrophic southern area dominated in the recaptures. The diet of pikeperch consisted of the most abundant fish species in the lake, perch (Perca fluviatilis) and roach (Rutilus rutilus), as well as insects. Stable isotope analysis indicated a shift from a dominance of pelagic food sources to littoral food sources during the growing season of pikeperch. Our results suggest that the pikeperch migrations facilitate efficient material transfer from the mesotrophic part while the deeper and oligotrophic part offers a favourable overwintering environment.     

Managing invasive carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) for habitat enhancement at Botany Wetlands,Australia

• 1. In Australia, the carp Cyprinus carpio L. is regarded as a threat to the native fish and the aquatic environment. In recent years, Botany Wetlands, a significant coastal wetland in the Sydney region, has been invaded by the undesirable cyprinids, carp and goldfish (Carrasius auratus L.).
• 2. In 1996 a cyprinid removal programme commenced at Botany Wetlands with the objective of managing the invasive species, increasing fish diversity, reducing cyanobacterial blooms and hence enhancing the aquatic habitat. Using electrofishing and gill netting, 4073 carp and 261 goldfish, amounting to 10 117 kg of cyprinid biomass were removed between 1996 and 2004. The captured carp ranged from 60 to 835 mm. Males matured before females. Carp between 350 and 680 mm in length grew at the rate of 1.66±0.38 g day^?1.
• 3. The success of the programme was monitored by assessing four indicators related to carp populations and two related to habitat. The former included the pattern of length–frequency distribution, mean weight per size class, condition factor (CF) and the catch per unit effort (CPUE), and the latter the Secchi disc transparency and cyanobacterial counts. After 8 yr of removal, the plots of carp length–frequency distribution flattened, CF decreased from 2.86 to 1.82 and CPUE decreased from 97 kg day^?1 to 50 kg day^?1. A 10‐fold decrease occurred in cyanobacterial counts and the Secchi disc transparency increased by 20%. More than 20 000 fingerlings of native Australian bass Macquaria novemaculeata (S.) have been introduced to the wetlands, increasing the potential for juvenile carp predation and biodiversity.

Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于分位数回归的库克群岛海域长鳍金枪鱼栖息环境综合指数

根据2012年9–11月在库克群岛(the Cook Islands)海域利用金枪鱼延绳钓调查所获得的共计43个站点的长鳍金枪鱼 (Thunnus alalunga) 渔获率数据, 以及测得的温度、盐度、叶绿素浓度、水平海流及垂直海流数据等环境因子数据, 采用分位数回归方法分析了各水层(40~280 m, 每40 m为一层)及整个水体中各个环境因子与长鳍金枪鱼渔获率的关系, 并利用43个站点内随机选择的验证站点对不同水层的研究结果进行了验证。研究结果表明: (1)长鳍金枪鱼在各水层及整个水体的单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)分布呈偏正态分布; (2) 调查期间建模站点和验证站点内的预测CPUE与名义CPUE间均无显著性差异; (3) 栖息地综合指数(IHI)模型的预测能力较好, 且在水深40~80 m、160~200 m及整个水体范围内能有效预测长鳍金枪鱼的分布情况; (4) 不同水层影响长鳍金枪鱼分布的因素不同, 如在较浅水层(40~80 m)长鳍金枪鱼的渔获率与水色的的关联较大, 在80~120 m水层则主要受水温的影响、在混合水层所在的120~160 m水层则主要受海流的影响, 在较深的水层(160~240 m)则主要受饵料分布及水温的影响; (5) 长鳍金枪鱼偏好觅食的水层应为160~240 m水层; (6)  长鳍金枪鱼IHI指数分布较高的两个海域分别为13°S–15°S, 162°W–167°W与11°S–12°S, 161°W–167°W。建议在上述两个海域作业时, 应使钓具沉降到160~240 m水层, 从而在避免兼捕其他水层渔获的同时, 提高长鳍金枪鱼的捕捞效率。

     

基于GLBM模型的中国大陆阿根廷滑柔鱼鱿钓渔业CPUE标准化

西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼既是西南大西洋生态系统中的重要种类,也是鱿钓渔业的重要捕捞对像。单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)是表示渔业资源状况及其丰度的常用指标。根据2000-2010年中国大陆鱿钓船在西南大西洋的生产统计数据和海洋卫星遥感获得的海洋环境数据(表温,表温水平梯度,海面高度,叶绿素浓度),利用基于贝叶斯的广义线性模型(GLBM),分未加入固定交互选项、加入固定交互选项和加入随机交互选项3种情况对中国大陆西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼鱿钓渔业的CPUE进行标准化。根据偏差信息准则 (DIC)值最小来确定最佳贝叶斯模型。结果表明,包含纬度、海表温度、表温水平梯度、海面高度、月×纬度、月×经度及年×纬度变量且加入随机交互项的GLBM模型为最适。标准化后的CPUE较名义CPUE小,年间变化平缓。与广义线性模型(GLM)和广义加性模型(GAM)标准化的CPUE比较,GLBM模型更能反映其资源丰度的真实水平。研究认为,2001-2010年间经GLBM模型标准化后的CPUE呈现逐年下降的趋势。     

珠江流域草鱼和鲢单位捕捞努力量渔获量时空分布特征及温度影响

文章采用随机等距抽样,调查了2016—2018年珠江流域9个采样点共计90艘船每天的渔获物产量及销售额.采用kruskal检验、广义加性模型和时间序列分析对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)和鲢(Hypophthalmich-thys molitrix)的单位捕捞努力量渔获量(Catchperun...     

中西太平洋长鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus alalunga)延绳钓渔场分布的时空变化

为提高中西太平洋金枪鱼延绳钓渔业作业效率和应对多变的渔业政策等提供参考,本研究根据2011年2月-2012年1月间中水集团远洋渔业股份有限公司的10艘延绳钓渔船的作业数据,结合海洋表层水温(SST)等环境因子,统计分析了单位努力量渔获量(CPUE)、渔获量和SST之间的关系并利用频度累加法分析了该海域长鳍金枪鱼渔场分布的时空变化。结果显示,中西太平洋海域,深度为200 m和150 m的水温全年基本维持不变,但SST变动较大并对渔场分布和CPUE有较大影响。渔场的周年变动是由14°S左右向26°S转移再回归14°S的一个往复过程;20°S以北的渔场全年连续存在,高渔获量和高产CPUE主要分布于SST为28-29℃的水域;23°S以南的渔场,因为受到复杂天气状况的限制,只有5-8月适合生产作业,高渔获量和高产CPUE主要分布于SST为22-24℃的水域,被调查船只在南部渔场,在此期间,被调查作业船只以全年14.4%的作业天数,捕获了占全年总渔获量27.6%的长鳍金枪鱼渔获物。若加强作业船只和渔具的抗风浪性,则可以在25°S以南的海域探索新的全年稳定存在的长鳍金枪鱼渔场。     

Alternative error distribution models for standardization of catch rates of non-target species from a pelagic longline fishery: billfish species in the Venezuelan tuna longline fishery

Alternative error distributions were evaluated for calculating indices of relative abundance for non-target species using catch and effort data from commercial fisheries. A general procedure is presented for testing the underlying assumptions of different error distributions. Catch rates, from an observer program, of billfish caught mainly as bycatch in a pelagic tuna longline fishery in the Western Central Atlantic were standardized. Although catches of billfishes are not common in pelagic tuna longline fisheries, these fisheries are one of the main sources of fishing mortality for these stocks in the central Atlantic due to the magnitude and spatial extent of longline fishing effort. Billfish CPUE data are highly skewed with a large proportion of zero observations. Delta distribution models can accommodate this type of data, and involve modeling the probability of a non-zero observation and the catch rate given that the catch is non-zero separately. Three different Delta models were compared against other error distributions, including the lognormal, log-gamma, and Poisson. Diagnostic checks and deviance table analyses were performed to identify the best error distribution and the set of factors and interactions that most adequately explained the observed variability. The results indicated that the Delta-lognormal model (a binomial error distribution for the probability of a non-zero catch and lognormal error for the positive catch rates) complied best with the underlying characteristics of the data set. Analyses of catch rates for blue marlin, white marlin and sailfish confirmed the spatio-temporal nature of their distribution in the central Atlantic and Caribbean Sea. Also, the analyses indicated that catch rates of billfish differed among fishing vessel types; larger vessels had a higher probability of catching blue marlin, the more oceanic-oriented species, and lower probabilities of catching the more coastal-oriented species white marlin and sailfish. Standardized catch rates indicated in general a lower relative abundance for blue and white marlin in the most recent years, although estimated confidence intervals overlap through the years especially for white marlin.     

不同名义CPUE计算法对CPUE标准化的影响

CPUE标准化是渔业资源评估的重要研究内容。不同名义CPUE计算方法通常会影响到CPUE的标准化,进而影响到对资源丰度的评价。在CPUE标准化过程中,首先对名义CPUE进行计算,通常有以下3种方法:(1)直接将每个记录的产量除以其对应的捕捞努力量计算出CPUE值,然后输入模型;(2)先对所有的记录计算出CPUE,然后以一个空间尺度(小渔区,如0.5°×0.5°)统计数据,对每个小渔区内所有的CPUE直接求平均值(所有CPUE求和再除以记录的数量)输入模型;(3)以一个空间尺度统计数据,用小渔区内的所有记录的总产量除以总捕捞努力量计算的CPUE输入模型。本文以我国在西南大西洋的阿根廷滑柔鱼鱿钓渔业为例,分别使用上述3种CPUE计算方法,运用广义加性模型(Generalized Additive Model,GAM)模型进行CPUE标准化(对应的模型分别为GAMa、GAMb和GAMc),比较不同模型的结果。研究发现,3种模型得出的年标准化CPUE和月标准化CPUE存在差别,GAMa与GAMb、GAMc的结果相差较大,GAMb和GAMc所得的结果相差较小,而GAMa与GAMb、GAMc的标准化CPUE值、变异系数以...     

Standardising the CPUE for the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Illex argentinus</Emphasis> fishery in the Southwest Atlantic

The catch per unit effort (CPUE) is a widely used index for assessing the abundance of exploited populations in fishery management. To obtain appropriate CPUE values, it is essential to standardise catch-effort data from fisheries. This task is particularly important for squid fisheries because squid generally have a short life-span and are vulnerable to environmental variability, and thus effective fishery management should take such factors into account. In this study, we analysed unit catches of paired vessels operating under similar fishing conditions to calculate their relative fishing power (RFP) in order to standardise the CPUE of the Taiwanese fleet jigging for Illex argentinus in the Southwest Atlantic. To evaluate the appropriateness of the method, we used a logbook dataset covering eleven years (1993–2003), in which 93.5% of the total catch during the period was included. The results indicate that 98.7% of the fishing effort can be standardised according to the estimated RFP. Compared to nominal CPUE, the standardised CPUE values projected an explainable temporal pattern, indicating an increasing trend in abundance from 1995 to 1999 and a subsequent sharp plunge from 1999 to 2003. However, the RFP was not related to apparent physical factors of the vessel, such as gross tonnage or vessel length. Our evaluations suggest that the RFP method is appropriate for standardising the CPUE, so that it can serve as an abundance index that reflects the annual recruitment size of the squid fishery, because the quality of the method can potentially take possible affecting factors into account in order to satisfy the general assumptions of standardisation criteria. However, the effects of varying the settings of parameters should be carefully examined prior to applying this standardisation method to other squid fisheries.