Gel Properties of Surimi from Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix): Effects of Whey Protein Concentrate,CaCl2, and Setting Condition

The effects of setting time, whey protein concentrate (WPC), and calcium chloride (CaCl₂) on textural properties of silver carp surimi were investigated. Response surface methodology was used to evaluate and compare the effects of setting time (30–90 min), WPC (1–9% of protein ratio), and CaCl₂ (1–59 mmol/kg) on the gel strength. Models for breaking force, breaking distance, and gel strength of surimi gel were established. The maximum gel strength was achieved at the setting time of 60 min, WPC and CaCl₂ at 5% protein ratio, and 15–18 mmol/kg. CaCl₂ was the most significant factor affecting the gel strength.     

黄颡鱼甘露糖受体基因的克隆和功能分析

甘露糖受体(MR)隶属凝集素超家族,主要表达于巨噬细胞和未成熟的树突状细胞表面。MR不仅在先天免疫防御中发挥重要作用,还通过参与抗原呈递,激活T淋巴细胞,启动获得性免疫应答过程。本研究采用同源克隆技术获得黄颡鱼甘露糖受体(pf MR)基因,采用荧光定量PCR技术检测MR在正常黄颡鱼体内的分布情况,采用鲖爱德华菌感染黄颡鱼头肾巨噬细胞和甘露聚糖封闭MR方法研究黄颡鱼MR在抗细菌感染中的作用。结果显示,pf MR同团头鲂、草鱼、斑马鱼和尼罗罗非鱼的MR聚为一支。pf MR在所检测的12个组织中均有分布,其在肾脏、脾脏和肌肉组织中表达量较高,在血液中表达量较少。鲖爱德华菌感染黄颡鱼头肾巨噬细胞后,pf MR、IL-1β和TNF-a均被细菌诱导表达,超氧阴离子和一氧化氮的含量也上升,超氧阴离子在感染30 min后即显著上升,一氧化氮在感染12 h后才显著上升。甘露聚糖竞争结合MR,显著抑制巨噬细胞内化GFP标签的鲖爱德华菌,加入EDTA减少内化的荧光强度,加入Ca~(2+)使内化的荧光强度回升。研究表明,黄颡鱼头肾巨噬细胞MR参与鲖爱德华菌的识别和内吞过程,而且依赖Ca~(2+)。     

The pigmenting effect of different carotenoids on fancy carp (Cyprinus carpio)

The optimal concentration of a panel of individual and combined carotenoid sources on skin pigmentation in fancy carp was investigated by nine experimental diets that were formulated and supplemented with astaxanthin at 25 mg kg^?1, lutein at 25 and 50 mg kg^?1, β‐carotene at 25, 50 and 75 mg kg^?1, and lutein combined with β‐carotene at 25 : 25 and 50 : 50 mg kg^?1, while a diet without supplemented carotenoid served as a control. The results showed that serum TC of fish fed diets containing supplemented with lutein plus β‐carotene at 25 : 25; 50 : 50 mg kg^?1 and lutein 50 mg kg^?1 diet were higher than the other treatments (P ≤ 0.05). Serum TC of the respective treatments was 6.2 ± 2.0, 7.8 ± 3.3 and 7.3 ± 1.9 μg mL^?1 serum, respectively. Fish fed diets combined with lutein and β‐carotene at 25 : 25, 50 : 50 mg kg^?1 and lutein 50 mg kg^?1 diet had serum astaxanthin concentrations similar to fish fed the diet with astaxanthin alone at 25 mg kg^?1. Serum astaxanthin concentrations was 0.7 ± 0.01, 0.9 ± 0.01, 0.4 ± 0.02 and 1.7 ± 0.18 μg mL^?1 serum, respectively. The chromaticity of fish body skin of red and white position was assessed by colourimetry using the CIE L*a*b (CIELAB) system. Pigmentation response of skin redness of fancy carp fed with diets combined with lutein and β‐carotene at 25 : 25, 50 : 50 mg kg^?1 and lutein 50 mg kg^?1 were higher than other treatments (P ≤ 0.05) but they were similar to fish fed with 25 mg kg^?1 astaxanthin diet. The redness (a* values) of fish fed diets with diets combined with lutein and β‐carotene at 25 : 25, 50 : 50 mg kg^?1 and lutein 50 mg kg^?1 were 28.3 ± 0.53, 29.9 ± 1.38, 28.8 ± 3.95 and 28.5 ± 2.49, respectively. After 3 weeks of feeding the experimental diets, the fish fed on a diet without carotenoid supplement for one week demonstrated that the same three groups still retained their redness and had an overall tendency to improve skin colouring. Finally, concentrations 50 mg kg^?1 of lutein, or the combination of lutein and β‐carotene at 25 : 25 mg kg^?1 showed the highest efficiency for improving skin pigmentation and redness of skin.     

中国对虾亲虾的能量代谢研究

本试验测定了中国对虾亲虾在禁食和静息状态下的耗氧率、二氧化碳排出率和氨氮排泄率,研究了它们的呼吸商、氧氮比、能源的化学本质及其消耗量之比。结果表明,体重为85.1±14.8克的亲虾,在水温19～22℃时的耗氧率为0.25±0.08毫克/克·小时,二氧化碳排出率为0.28±0.09毫克/克·小时,氨氮排泄率为8.86±3.53微克/克·小时;亲虾以蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物的混台物为能源,其中以蛋白质为主,脂肪次之,碳水化合物的利用最少;亲虾的耗氧率(Y)与体重(W)呈负相关,Y=1.89W~(-1.3),而与性腺发育的影响则相反,性腺发育好的亲虾代谢率高,性腺发育差的亲虾代谢率低。     

Mutualism between euryhaline tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii and Chlorella sp.—Implications for nano-algal production in warmwater phytoplankton-based recirculating systems

The West-African euryhaline tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii shift from visually feeding on zooplankton when juveniles to mostly filter feeding on phytoplankton when adults. When reared using an appropriate ration in intensive aquaculture systems, S. m. heudelotii also consume algal-based detritus, and contribute to sediment mineralization, clean up their environment, and ultimately stimulate and sustain algal growth. We analysed such practical advantages for phytoplankton-based recirculating systems, using S. m. heudelotii and Chlorella sp. as biological material originating from the prototype of such a system operated in Senegal. We performed a 24-h factorial design experiment in 36 tubs, cross-classifying three levels of S. m. heudelotii (fishless control, unfed fish, and fed fish) with four levels of Chlorella initial density.Chlorella overall mean density increased significantly from fishless, to unfed fish, and fed fish treatments, and with Chlorella initial density. S. m. heudelotii did not alter nitrogen nor phosphorus concentrations, only affected by algal initial densities. Most ammonia excreted by fish was probably uptaken by Chlorella. Bacteria-mediated diurnal nitrification was possibly an alternative ammonium loss mechanism at highest oxygen concentrations. Algae were not limited by nitrogen or phosphorus but most likely by low dissolved organic carbon availability. Chlorella differential responses with fed vs. unfed Sarotherodon suggest that CO₂ supplied by heterotrophic S. m. heudelotii respiration played a key role. Observed Chlorella growth rates were similar to the highest rates obtained in algal mass cultures, enriched with CO₂, nitrate and phosphate, under artificial lighting.Our results suggest the existence of a Sarotherodon-Chlorella mutualism in our systems, where S. m. heudelotii provide CO₂, the major limiting factor of Chlorella growth, whereas Chlorella oxygenate and detoxify the water media from ammonia, promoting S. m. heudelotii production. This mutualism could be used to optimize photosynthetic suspended-growth aquaculture systems, particularly in the Tropics where light is abundant and temperature is continuously high.     

超级稻甬优12产量1000kg/667m~2手插栽培技术初步集成

以甬优12在居于5 300℃积温线的浙江中部新昌县的试验实践为基础,提出了1 000 kg/667 m2手插栽培的基本技术思路、群体生育指标及主要集成技术。     

适于蛋白质组研究的大豆种子蛋白双向电泳技术的改进

以大豆种子为材料,通过对样品制备、电泳条件以及染色方法等关键步骤进行改进,在大豆种子蛋白分析研究中获得了质量较高的双向电泳图谱,为大豆种子蛋白质组研究提供一较好的实验方法.     

优质高产杂交糯稻新品种嘉糯1优2号高产制种技术

嘉糯1优2号是福建农林大学作物遗传育种研究所选育的优质、高产杂交糯稻新品种,2009年7月通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定。根据嘉糯1优2号亲本的特征特性,结合制种生产实践,提出了嘉糯1优2号高产制种技术。     

坪安2号对早熟禾草坪中禾本科杂草防除效果的研究

[目的]解决早熟禾草坪中禾本科杂草的防除难题。[方法]采用坪安2号、坪安3号加草坪抑制荆对早熟禾草坪中的禾本科杂草进行防除试验。[结果]坪安2号300倍液对早熟禾草坪中的禾本科杂草防除效果较好。[结论]坪安2号可有效防除早熟禾草坪中禾本科杂草,且对草坪安全,环境污染小。