糙米豆腐的制作工艺优化

[目的]以糙米为主要原料,研究了米豆腐的制备工艺。[方法]对糙米与水添加比例、凝固剂添加量和添加凝固剂时的温度等影响因素进行研究,通过正交试验确定主要原料的最佳工艺配方。[结果]糙米豆腐的最佳工艺配方为：糙米与水添加比例1∶2.5,添加凝固剂时的温度90℃,鲜生石灰添加量5%。按最佳工艺配方制得的糙米豆腐呈黄色,均匀一致,质地细腻滑润,弹性好,具有糙米特有的香味。[结论]该研究可为米豆腐的进一步研究与应用提供参考。     

不同药剂对水稻病害防治效果试验简报

利用对比的方法研究不同药剂对水稻病害的防治效果,结果表明,各试验药剂均对水稻安全,无药害发生。并且试验中30%爱苗乳油用量为20 g/667 m2时对水稻纹枯病防治效果最佳,防效为79.6%;1%申嗪霉素用量150 g/667 m2时对水稻褐变穗防效最好,防效为74.5%。但试验数据为1 a试验结果,还有待进一步验证。     

光强对萱藻孢子萌发、幼苗早期发育及附生藻类动态变化的影响

模拟萱藻育苗条件,以萱藻丝状体为材料,沙滤天然海水作为培养液,研究了光照强度[7.2~126.0μmol/(m2·s)]对萱藻孢子萌发、幼苗早期发育及附生藻类动态变化的影响。结果显示:(1)本实验条件下,萱藻孢子萌发的适宜光强范围为27.0~72.0μmol/(m2·s)。其中,在45.0μmol/(m2·s)条件下,萱藻孢子萌发率较高,并在放散后的第16天萌发率达到(44.44%±11.00%);(2)在本实验条件下,萱藻幼苗早期生长的适宜光强范围为36.0~54.0μmol/(m2·s),其中45.0μmol/(m2·s)最适宜萱藻幼苗的生长,且附生藻类密度最低,孢子放散后第34天附生藻类密度为(38.4±0.6)×104个/cm2;(3)本研究共鉴定出附生藻类2门13属29种,主要优势种为碎片菱形藻、小伪菱形藻、艳绿颤藻、膨胀色球藻、耳形藻和新月菱形藻。其中碎片菱形藻在7.2~18.0μmol/(m2·s)条件下呈指数增长,而耳形藻与新月菱形藻在27.0~126.0μmol/(m2·s)条件下呈指数增长。研究表明,萱藻孢子萌发和幼苗早期发育的最佳光强为45.0μmol/(m2·s),且在萱藻育苗过程中应重点防治的附生藻类为耳形藻与新月菱形藻。     

2006-2010年夏季青海湖浮游植物研究

2006-2010年夏季对青海湖14个采样点浮游植物的种类组成和生物量进行了调查.共发现浮游植物5门29属34种,其中硅藻门14属18种,蓝藻门4属4种,绿藻门8属8种,裸藻门2属2种,甲藻门1属1种.硅藻门是种类组成上最重要的类群.斯潘塞布纹藻Gyrosigma spenceri、尖布纹藻G.acuminatum、梅...     

水中丝状藻类有害藻华的形成与对策

文章通过对常见丝状藻类及其形成藻华形态的描述,综述丝状藻藻华的形成条件及危害,说明各种水体中控制丝状藻藻华的必要性和紧迫性,概述了常见控制藻类药物和药物的致毒机理,为丝状藻类及其藻华的控制提供参考。     

饵料对稚幼参生长变色的影响

报告了藻粉,浮泥,人工配合饵料,混合饵料对稚幼长岛县牝一海水育苗场变色的影响。经３个胸月的投喂试验。结果：人工配合饵料组稚幼参体长,体重增长较快,纯藻粉组,浮泥组投喂效果都较差。藻粉中添加部分“海丰”牌饲料预混剂和３０％的浮泥,对稚参有明显的助长作用,日均增长,增重是纯藻粉组的２倍以上,且明显快于人工配合饵料组。     

Changes in the nutritional parameters of muscles of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and the silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) following environmental exposure to cyanobacterial water bloom

The present study evaluated the effect of naturally developing cyanobacteria on the composition of muscles of two commercially important freshwater fish species. Fish were exposed to cyanobacterial biomass including Microcystis aeruginosa and Microcystis ichthyoblabe for 4 weeks. Then, they were transferred to dechlorinated potable water without any cyanobacteria for another 4-week period, thus modelling their preparation for consumers. Samples of muscles were collected every week during exposure and subsequent stay in dechlorinated potable water. The cyanobacterial water bloom of 3.9–6 × 10⁵ cells mL⁻¹ (133–383 μg g⁻¹ of total MC DW) induced statistically significant effects only in the content of fatty acids ( P <0.05; P <0.01) in the common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ), while all studied parameters including the content of dry matter and fat ( P <0.01), proteins ( P <0.05), fatty acid composition ( P <0.05; P <0.01) and some amino acids ( P <0.05) were affected in the silver carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ). This study has shown that cyanobacteria in the environment of commercially produced fish may decrease the dietetic value of fish muscles.     

Effects of dietary microalgae on fatty acids and digestive enzymes in copepod Cyclopina kasignete,a potential live food for fish larvae

The copepod Cyclopina kasignete is a potential live food in aquaculture and its fatty acid components and digestive enzymes were investigated. Three dry algal products (mixed algae, Melosira sp. and Nannochloropsis oculata) and two fresh microalgae (Tisochrysis lutea and N. oculata) were fed to the copepod for 30 days. The essential fatty acids (EFA) in copepods were altered by feeding different types of dry algae. The copepod fed dry Melosira sp. or fresh T. lutea contained higher eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA), protease and trypsin than fed on other algae. The copepod contained a similar fatty acid profile and digestive enzymes by feeding either dry or fresh N. oculata. Between fresh algal species, the copepod fed T. lutea contained higher EPA, DHA and ARA than that fed fresh N. oculata. The amounts of EPA and DHA in copepods were more concentrated than those in the dietary algae, suggesting that the copepod has the ability to accumulate some EFA. This study indicates that dietary algae can modify the nutritional composition and in digestive enzymes copepods, which in turn may be able to transfer suitable nutrients and digestive enzymes to fish larvae in aquaculture.     

Low-density silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes) polyculture does not prevent cyanobacterial off-flavours in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque)

Silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes) were co‐cultured with channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) in 0.4 ha earthen ponds to determine the impacts of carp grazing on pond phytoplankton communities and cyanobacterial off‐flavours in catfish. Carp were stocked at densities of 0, 75, or 250 fish ha^?1 in seven replicate ponds per treatment. The mean chlorophyll a concentrations (a measure of phytoplankton standing crop) steadily increased in all treatments from about 100 μg L^?1 in April to more than 400 μg L^?1 by mid‐October. Silver carp had no affect (P>0.1) on chlorophyll a concentrations across all sampling dates (April though October) or for sampling dates late in the growing season (August–October) when the prevalence of cyanobacterial off‐flavours among catfish populations is usually greatest. Silver carp did not eliminate odour‐producing cyanobacteria from pond phytoplankton communities: on sampling dates in September and October, three to six ponds in all treatments contained populations of the odour‐producing cyanobacteria Oscillatoria perornata, Anabaena spp., or both. Failure of silver carp to eliminate odour‐producing cyanobacteria resulted in a relatively high incidence in all treatments of ponds with off‐flavoured catfish. On sampling dates in September and October, catfish in three to five ponds in each treatment were tainted with either musty (2‐methylisoborneol) or earthy (geosmin) off‐flavours. The presence of silver carp had no obvious effect on off‐flavour intensity: on each sampling date, at least three ponds in each treatment contained catfish described as distinctly to extremely off‐flavored. Apparently, hypertrophic conditions in catfish ponds overwhelm the effect of silver carp grazing at the low carp densities used in this study.     

陕西瀛湖富营养化特征与控制对策

陕西省安康市境内的瀛湖是南水北调中线工程丹江口水库的重要水源地,随着社会经济的发展和人类活动的加剧,2001年开始出现水华。为保护其水生态环境,依据2015年实测数据,采用综合营养指数法对瀛湖水体进行营养状态评价。结果表明:(1)瀛湖目前年均综合营养指数为43.78,整体上处于中营养水平,总磷、总氮和叶绿素a对综合营养指数的贡献率最大,合计达到78.34%;(2)瀛湖水体TP和TN浓度分别为0.2 mg/L和1.2 mg/L,从营养盐水平上看,已处于富营养化状态,存在暴发大面积水华的风险;(3)瀛湖各采样点的综合营养状态指数在39.58~46.31,相差不大,总氮、总磷的营养指数在整个湖区也比较均匀,表明总氮和总磷污染物来自安康市汉滨区以上更为上游的汉江流域;(4)基于瀛湖的生态特点,结合当地社会经济发展状况,建议瀛湖选择适宜的渔业发展模式,形成健康的水生生态系统结构,探究瀛湖热分层规律,优化大坝水调度方案,实施全流域环境-经济协同管理战略,削减入湖污染物。