镉胁迫对不同水稻品种种子萌发、幼苗生长和淀粉酶活性的

以镉耐性不同的两个水稻品种秀水110(耐镉型)和秀水11(镉敏感型)的种子为材料,采用室内培养方法,研究了水稻种子萌发、幼苗生长和淀粉酶活性对Cd胁迫的响应。结果表明,在水稻种子萌发过程中,胚根和胚芽对Cd要比种子本身敏感,而胚根较胚芽更敏感。 Cd胁迫能显著影响发芽指数、活力指数、根长、淀粉酶活性,其中对秀水11的影响更明显;在高于5 μmol/L Cd浓度下,秀水11植株内的Cd含量明显高于秀水110,造成后者根尖有丝分裂指数和淀粉酶活性明显降低,受到的毒害更严重。     

优质蛋白玉米的分子标记辅助选择

综述了应用于优质蛋白玉米种质辅助选择的分子标记,提出了优质蛋白玉米的分子标记辅助选择策略;通过对回交家系赖氨酸分析和SSR分子标记检测结果,对该技术的可靠性进行了验证;考虑到成本核算和可操作性,认为该分子标记辅助选择技术,应用于育种实践是非常经济有效的。     

菲律宾蛤仔摄食率与温度、壳长和饵料浓度的关系

以等边金藻3011为饵料,采用室内流水法,在12、20和24℃3个温度和不同的壳长、饵料浓度下,测定并计算了温度、壳长和饵料浓度与菲律宾蛤仔摄食率的关系,并建立了相关数学模型。结果显示,在实验条件范围内,摄食率随着饵料浓度的增大而增大,且符合幂函数方程。摄食率可以用温度、壳长和饵料浓度的自然对数方程表示,其模型为：IR=21．2LnT＋20．06LnL＋7．10LnC-97．95,经协方差分析结果表明,其相关系数呈非常显著水平。     

Clonal structure in Ichthyobacterium seriolicida,the causative agent of bacterial haemolytic jaundice in yellowtail,Seriola quinqueradiata,inferred from molecular epidemiological analysis

Bacterial haemolytic jaundice caused by Ichthyobacterium seriolicida has been responsible for mortality in farmed yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata, in western Japan since the 1980s. In this study, polymorphic analysis of I. seriolicida was performed using three molecular methods: amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and multiple‐locus variable‐number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). Twenty‐eight isolates were analysed using AFLP, while 31 isolates were examined by MLST and MLVA. No polymorphisms were identified by AFLP analysis using EcoRI and MseI, or by MLST of internal fragments of eight housekeeping genes. However, MLVA revealed variation in repeat numbers of three elements, allowing separation of the isolates into 16 sequence types. The unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages cluster analysis of the MLVA data identified four major clusters, and all isolates belonged to clonal complexes. It is likely that I. seriolicida populations share a common ancestor, which may be a recently introduced strain.     

温度、饵料质量对不同规格刺参摄食率、吸收效率的影响

为了解刺参摄食的生理生态学特性,本实验在室内模拟研究了不同体质量刺参[A(4.77±0.95)g、B(15.12±1.14)g、C(34.77±7.95)g、D(78.13±4.99)g]的有机物摄食率、吸收效率分别对饵料质量[Ⅰ(100%海泥)、Ⅱ(88%海泥+12%海带粉)、Ⅲ(76%海泥+24%海带粉)、Ⅳ(64%海泥+36%海带粉)]及温度[(5.1±0.4)、(10.9±0.7)、(12.5±0.6)、(14.2±0.7)和(16.1±0.6)℃]变化的响应。结果表明,摄食率(OIR)与饵料质量(OC)回归方程为OIR=a×OC/(OC+b),其中a、b分别为最大摄食率与半饱和常数;双因素方差分析结果显示,饵料质量、体质量对刺参摄食影响极显著,而二者交互作用对其影响不显著。与温度(T)的关系为OIR=c×T2+d×T+e,c=-(0.007 5~0.016 4)、d=0.298~0.769、e=-(0.742~1.977);水温、体质量对刺参摄食均有显著影响;而其交互作用对摄食率的影响极显著,对吸收效率则不显著。饵料质量、温度和初始体质量(WW)组合双因子与摄食率的关系分别为OIR=12.55×WW-0.361+7.92×OC/(OC+4.373)-4.70,OIR=2.2×WW-0.384+0.033×WW-0.384×T2+0.077×T。协方差分析表明,其相关系数呈极显著水平。本研究量化了刺参摄食率与饵料质量、水温、体质量之间的相关关系,并初步掌握了有机物摄食率的变化规律。     

长江口及其邻近水域春季虻鱼由的食性

采用碳氮稳定同位素技术和聚类分析法对春季长江口及其邻近海域虻(Erisphex potti)的饵料组成、摄食随体长的变化进行研究，结果表明：(1)虻的食物由大于900 μｍ的浮游动物、细螯虾(Leptochela gracilis)、太平洋褶柔鱼 (Todarodes pacificus)、双喙耳乌贼 (Sepiola birostrata)、火枪乌贼(Loligo beka)、日本枪乌贼(Loligo japonica)、脊腹褐虾(Crangon affinis)和仔稚鱼组成，优势饵料为浮游动物，其重量贡献率为69%～75%。（2）虻的食物组成及摄食量在体长为60 mm时发生较大变化，脊腹褐虾、仔稚鱼及软体动物等饵料对体长大于60 mm的虻的贡献率增大，增幅为1%～12%。     

鲢鱼生物学性状研究

鲢鱼又名白鲢、跳鲢、鲢子鱼等。属鲤科、鲢亚科。鲢鱼具有生长快、疾病少、不需专门人王投饵的特点。利用鲢鱼实测体全长,体重数据进行线性回归分析,得出鲢鱼的体全长和体重之间呈曲线相关关系,相关公式为W=0.011L^3.077R=0.9919。     

黑鲪的标准代谢率及其与温度和体重的关系

在11.2~23.6℃ 之间的4个实验温度下,采用流水式呼吸仪测定了不同体重黑鲪(29.6～358.1g)的标准代谢率。结果表明,各测定温度下的标准代谢率均随体重增加而增大,二者之间的关系可用幂函数Rs = a lnWb描述,标准代谢率的组间均数差异显著,但b值却无显著性差异;修正为标准体重后的标准代谢率随温度升高而减速增大,二者之间的关系可用函数RＳＷ = m e－b/T描述,且当标准体重分别为48.6g、147.9g和243.1g 时,标准代谢率的组间均数也有显著差异;黑鲪的标准代谢率(Rs, mg/ｉｎｄ·h)和相对标准代谢率(Rs, mg/g·h)与体重和温度之间的交互作用数学模型分别为：Rs = 1.160 W0.752 e－9.494/T 和 Rs= 1.160 W－0.254 e －9.494/T 。     

体重对黑鮶能量收支的影响

以玉筋鱼为饵料及最大摄食量条件下,采用室内流水模拟实验法研究了体重对黑FDC6能量收支各组分和能量分配模式的影响。结果表明,黑鮶的摄食量、生长量、总代谢量、排泄量及生态转换效率均随体重增大而降低,二者之间的定量关系均可用线性方程定量描述;其中排泄量随体重变化幅度很小。 依据各收支过程的量化结果, 可得到真鲷的能量分配模式。 30.50±8.66g： １00C＝3.74F 5.92U 44.25R 46.09 G;１29.32±１5.１7g：１00C＝6.2１F 6.62U 49.55R 40.74G;20１.１7±2１.37g：１00C＝3.１5F 7.20U 53.39R 36.45G。黑FDC6的各能量收支分配率随体重增大有较显著差异; 代谢能分配率和排泄能分配率随体重增大呈线性增加变化趋势,而生长能分配率却恰恰相反。     

Larval molting and growth of the Japanese spiny lobster Panulirus japonicus under laboratory conditions

ABSTRACT:   Ten newly hatched phyllosoma of Panulirus japonicus were cultured individually to monitor body length ( BL ) and intermolt period, and 2000 were cultured in groups to sample specimens for measurement of body weight. Phyllosoma were fed with Artemia and mussel gonad; the culture seawater temperature was 24–26°C. The individually cultured phyllosoma showed an increment in body length by the first molt of approximately 0.5 mm, and the molt increment increased to approximately 1 mm at 5 mm BL ; it was constant to 15 mm BL . Thereafter, the molt increment increased exponentially. The duration of the first instar was 6–7 days. Instar duration increased with development up to approximately 2 weeks at the 20th instar (∼16 mm BL ) and then became constant. Of the 10 larvae reared individually, five metamorphosed to the puerulus stage. The entire phyllosoma life ranged from 245–326 days (mean 289.0 days), and the number of instars ranged from 22–29 (mean 26.2). Body length in the final instar ranged from 28.50–33.10 mm (mean 30.280 mm). For the phyllosoma cultured in groups, relationships between BL and wet/dry body weights ( WW / DW , mg) were expressed as exponential equations: WW  = 0.0686 BL ^2.2023 and DW  = 0.0209 BL ^2.1905.