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191.
西北旱作农田不同耕作模式对土壤性状及小麦产量的影响 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
192.
Landuse can alter soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions by affecting carbon inflows and outflows. This study evaluated changes in SOC fractions in response to different landuses under variable rainfalls. We compared cropland, grassland and forest soils in high rainfall (Islamabad ~1142 mm) and low rainfall (Chakwal ~667 mm) areas of Pothwar dryland, Pakistan. Forest soils in both rainfall areas had highest SOC (11.32 g kg?1), particulate organic carbon (POC, 1.70 g kg?1), mineral-associated organic carbon (MOC, 7.17 g kg?1) and aggregate-associated organic carbon (AOC, 7.86 g kg?1). However, in rangeland and cropland soils, these varied with rainfall. Under high rainfall, SOC and MOC were 12% and 17% higher in rangeland than in cropland while POC and AOC were equal. Under low rainfall, SOC and MOC were higher in rangeland than in cropland by 7.21 and 1.79 g kg?1 at 0–15 cm and equal at 15–30 cm depth. POC and AOC were higher in rangeland than in cropland, in both depths. Averagely, SOC, POC, MOC and AOC were 26%, 68%, 76% and 30% higher in high rainfall than in low rainfall soils. Sensitivity of SOC fractions to landuses observed under different rainfalls could provide useful information for soil management in subtropical drylands. 相似文献
193.
薄层黑土微生物生物量碳氮对土壤侵蚀—沉积的响应 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
研究土壤侵蚀—沉积对土壤微生物生物量的影响可以为科学评估土壤侵蚀的环境效应提供依据。以典型薄层黑土区——黑龙江省宾州河流域为研究区,利用土壤137Cs含量估算侵蚀速率,通过分析流域不同位置和不同坡面部位土壤微生物生物量碳和氮含量以及土壤侵蚀强度的差异,揭示土壤微生物生物量对土壤侵蚀—沉积的响应规律。结果表明:流域不同位置和不同坡面部位土壤微生物生物量的分布存在明显差异,并呈现出与土壤侵蚀—沉积空间分布相反的变化趋势。土壤侵蚀速率在流域的分布为上游中游下游,在坡面的分布为坡中部坡上部坡下部;土壤微生物生物量碳(Microbial biomass carbon,MBC)和微生物生物量氮(Microbial biomass nitrogen,MBN)在流域表现为下游中游上游,在坡面表现为坡下部坡上部坡中部。回归分析表明,MBC、MBN、有机质(Organic matter,OM)和全氮(Total nitrogen,TN)含量随土壤侵蚀强度的增大而减少。土壤侵蚀对土壤微生物生物量的分布有重要影响,土壤侵蚀—沉积过程引起土壤养分的迁移和再分布是导致侵蚀区和沉积区土壤微生物生物量分布产生差异的重要原因。 相似文献
194.
为揭示不同还田方式下北方旱作小麦秸秆腐解规律,以小麦秸秆为试验材料,采用尼龙网袋法,于2014-2015年度在山西临汾保护性耕作长期定位试验区进行试验,设置秸秆还田旋耕(SRT)、秸秆覆盖免耕(SNT)2个处理,分析不同耕作方式下小麦秸秆的纤维素、半纤维素、木质素、有机碳、全氮含量以及秸秆腐解率、有机碳矿化率、全氮释放率的变化。结果显示,经过375 d的田间腐解,SRT秸秆腐解率为50%,SNT秸秆腐解率为31%。SRT秸秆的纤维素、半纤维素、木质素的平均腐解率分别为65%、45%、53%,SNT分别为56%、30%、39%;SRT秸秆有机碳的矿化率为57%,SNT为40%;SRT秸秆全氮素释放率为15%,SNT为36%。研究表明,SRT可加快秸秆腐解与组成成分的分解,SNT有利于秸秆氮素的释放,可减少农田氮投入。SNT秸秆有机碳矿化率低可减少农田碳循环速率,提高麦田固碳能力。本研究结果对我国北方旱作小麦秸秆还田管理具有一定的借鉴参考价值。 相似文献
195.
Siwei Shi Qingzhong Zhang Yilai Lou Zhangliu Du Qian Wang Ning Hu Yidong Wang Anna Gunina Jiqing Song 《Soil Use and Management》2021,37(1):95-103
Biochar addition can expand soil organic carbon (SOC) stock and has potential ability in mitigating climate change. Also, some incubation experiments have shown that biochar can increase soil inorganic carbon (SIC) contents. However, there is no direct evidence for this from the field experiment. In order to make up the sparseness of available data resulting from the long‐term effect of biochar amendment on soil carbon fractions, here we detected the contents and stocks of the bulk SIC and SOC fractions based on a 10‐year field experiment of consecutive biochar application in Shandong Province, China. There are three biochar treatments as no‐biochar (control), and biochar application at 4.5 Mg ha?1 year?1 (B4.5) and 9.0 Mg ha?1 year?1 (B9.0), respectively. The results showed that biochar application significantly enhanced SIC content (3.2%–24.3%), >53 μm particulate organic carbon content (POC, 38.2%–166.2%) and total soil organic carbon content (15.8%–82.2%), compared with the no‐biochar control. However, <53 μm silt–clay‐associated organic carbon (SCOC) content was significantly decreased (14%–27%) under the B9.0 treatment. Our study provides the direct field evidence that SIC contributed to carbon sequestration after the biochar application, and indicates that the applied biochar was allocated mainly in POC fraction. Further, the decreased SCOC and increased microbial biomass carbon contents observed in field suggest that the biochar application might exert a positive priming effect on native soil organic carbon. 相似文献
196.
197.
贵州省黎平县地表覆被变化引起的生态系统碳储量变化 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
[目的]对贵州省黎平县地表覆被变化引起的生态系统碳储量变化进行评估,为区域碳源和碳汇管理及"大生态"发展目标提供科学依据。[方法]基于黎平县2005,2010和2015年3期土地利用数据,结合CA-Markov模型和InVEST模型碳储量模块,在对土地利用变化趋势进行分析的基础上定量评估了研究区2005—2025年生态系统固碳能力。[结果]①2005—2015年,黎平县耕地、林地、未利用地呈减少趋势,草地、建设用地、水域呈增加趋势。②2015—2025年土地利用整体变化趋势与2005—2015年一致但幅度增大。耕地由2005—2015年的降幅2.37%到2015—2025年的增幅4.21%,整体趋势发生转变;③2015年黎平县生态系统总碳储量和平均碳密度分别为9.12×10~7 t和206.61 t/hm~2。自2005年以来分别下降2.00×10~5 t和0.45 t/hm~2。2025年黎平县碳储量和平均碳密度分别为8.98×10~7 t和203.44 t/hm~2。[结论]黎平县生态系统固碳能力呈减弱趋势,林地的大面积转出和建设用地的扩张是碳储量下降的直接原因,未来应加强对土地利用结构的优化。 相似文献
198.
Jéssica Bassetto Carra Marciéli Fabris Jeferson Dieckow Osmar Rodrigues Brito Pedro Rodolfo Siqueira Vendrame 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2019,50(4):421-434
Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a rapid, non-destructive and accurate technique for analyzing a wide variety of samples, thus, the growing interest of using this technique in soil science. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of NIR spectroscopy to predict organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (P) and available potassium (K) in the soil. NIR spectra from 20 cm3 of soil samples were acquired on the range of 750 to 2500 nm in diffuse reflectance mode, resolution of 16 cm?1 and 64 scans. Eight models of calibration/validation were constructed. Calibration and validation models showed that the predictive potential of NIR varied with the specific soil property (OC, TN, P and K) under evaluation and according to the methodology employed in the model construction (cross-validation or test set). Good prediction models were obtained for OC and TN content based on the statistical parameters. Test set methodology was able to predict soil OC, TN, P, and K better than cross-validation methodology. 相似文献
199.
Zhen Liu Tianping Gao Wentao Liu Kai Sun Yanni Xin Hongjian Liu Shengzhao Wang Geng Li Huifang Han Zengjia Li Tangyuan Ning 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2019,182(3):429-440
Long‐term no‐tillage management and crop residue amendments to soil were identified as an effective measure to increase soil organic carbon (SOC). The SOC content, SOC stock (SOCs), soil carbon sequestration rate (CSR), and carbon pool management index (CPMI) were measured. A stable isotopic approach was used to evaluate the contributions of wheat and maize residues to SOC at a long‐term experimental site. We hypothesized that under no‐tillage conditions, straw retention quantity would affect soil carbon sequestration differently in surface and deep soil, and the contribution of C3 and C4 crops to soil carbon sequestration would be different. This study involved four maize straw returning treatments, which included no maize straw returning (NT‐0), 0.5 m (from the soil surface) maize straw returning (NT‐0.5), 1 m maize straw returning (NT‐1), and whole maize straw returning (NT‐W). The results showed that in the 0–20 cm soil layer, the SOC content, SOCs, CSR and CPMI of the NT‐W were highest after 14 years of no‐tillage management, and there were obvious differences among the four treatments. However, the SOC, SOCs, and CSR of the NT‐0.5 and NT‐W were the highest and lowest in 20–100 cm, respectively. The value of δ13C showed an obviously vertical variability that ranged from –22.01‰ (NT‐1) in the 0–20 cm layer to –18.27‰ (NT‐0.5) in the 60–80 cm layer, with enriched δ13C in the 60–80 cm (NT‐0.5 and NT‐1) and 80–100 cm (NT‐0 and NT‐W) layers. The contributions of the wheat and maize‐derived SOC of the NT‐0.5, NT‐1 and NT‐W increased by 11.4, 29.5 and 56.3% and by 10.7, 15.1 and 40.1%, relative to those in the NT‐0 treatment in the 0–20 cm soil layer, respectively. In conclusion, there was no apparent difference in total SOC sequestration between the NT‐0.5, NT‐1, and NT‐W treatments in the 0–100 cm soil layer. The contribution of wheat‐derived SOC was higher than that of maize‐derived SOC. 相似文献
200.
不同土地利用方式下三江平原东北部土壤有机碳和全氮分布规律 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
利用在全国采集的1400个典型农田剖面数据(其中在此研究区域有53个剖面),系统分析了不同土地利用方式下三江平原东北部土壤有机C和全N的分布规律。三江平原东北部典型农田0~20cm土壤有机C和全N的平均含量是22.7g/kg和1.84g/kg,20~100cm平均含量为13.0g/kg和1.08g/kg,不同土壤类型和种植作物下土壤有机C和全N分布没有显著性差异(p0.05)。与第二次土壤普查时三江平原东北部典型剖面土壤有机C和全N数据进行比较发现,0~20cm有机C和全N含量呈现下降趋势,而20~100cm呈现增加趋势。 相似文献