从西部大开发透视阿拉善盟荒漠草地生态建设的意义与对策

由于人为破坏和自然因素的影响，致使阿拉善盟荒漠草地严重退化，特别是草地植被的破坏，引起生态环境的恶化，对阿拉善盟17万居民的生产生活构成严重威胁，乃至对西北，华北地区生态环境的可持续发展构成严重威胁，本文通过对阿拉善盟荒漠草地的退化现状及成因分析，阐述了草地生态建设的意义和对策，对该地区荒漠草地生态建设具有一定的指导意义。     

白僵菌菌株退化的酯酶同工酶比较分析

白僵菌是桑天牛的生物防治菌种之一。为探究白僵菌菌种退化的遗传机理,以便利用生物工程技术控制菌种退化、提高其生物防治效率,采用酯酶同工酶技术分析各代白僵菌株在蛋白质水平的变异情况,结果表明:球孢白僵菌酯酶同工酶酶谱共出现2~7条酶带,随着传代次数的增加,其主要酶带一直存在且酶谱类型未变,但酶的活性在不断减弱,尤其是几条主要酶带(A、B、E、C)的活性变化更为明显;从聚类图中各菌株排列次序来看,各代菌株按照传代顺序排列,与第1代菌株比较,继代次数越多其间的类间距越大,变异越大,相似度越低,表现出一定的遗传多样性,严重影响其杀虫效果,说明酯酶同工酶技术可以在一定程度上反映白僵菌菌株的退化。     

赣南红壤侵蚀区植被退化和恢复演替的初步研究

在对赣南典型红壤侵蚀区进行调查的基础上，结合有关资料论述了赣南红壤侵蚀区植被退化和恢复演替的基本规律，并结合退化和恢复过程提出了重要植被的措施。     

人工林地力的持续利用问题和对策

概述国内外人工林地力衰退情况,人工林地力衰退原因的探讨,从不合理的栽培措施、树种特性、人工林生态系统结构等方面分析了杉木人工林生产力下降的研究动态。提出改革栽培制度、改善林分结构、保护和发展阔叶林,控制杉木林的发展规模等对策,以实现林地持续利用。     

N -ethyl- N -nitrosourea induces retinal photoreceptor damage in adult rats

Seven-week-old male Lewis rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) (100, 200, 400 or 600 mg/kg), and retinal damage was evaluated 7 days after the treatment. Sequential morphological features of the retina and retinal DNA damage, as determined by a TUNEL assay and phospho-histone H2A.X (γ-H2AX), were analyzed 3, 6, 12, 24 and 72 hr, 7 days, and/or 30 days after 400 mg/kg ENU treatment. Activation of the nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) was analyzed immunohistochemically by poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) expression in response to DNA damage of the retina. All rats that received ≥ 400 mg/kg of ENU developed retinal degeneration characterized by the loss of photoreceptor cells in both the central and peripheral retina within 7 days. In the 400 mg/kg ENU-treated rats, TUNEL-positive signals were only located in the photoreceptor cells and peaked 24 hr after ENU treatment. The γ-H2AX signals in inner retinal cells appeared at 24 hr and peaked at 72 hr after ENU treatment, and the PAR signals selectively located in the photoreceptor cell nuclei appeared at 12 hr and peaked at 24 hr after ENU treatment. However, degeneration was restricted to photoreceptor cells, and no degenerative changes in inner retinal cells were seen at any time points. Retinal thickness and the photoreceptor cell ratio in the central and peripheral retina were significantly decreased, and the retinal damage ratio was significantly increased 7 days after ENU treatment. In conclusion, ENU induced retinal degeneration in adult rats that was characterized by photoreceptor cell apoptosis through PARP activity.     

高寒草甸类草地不同退化状态人工恢复与自然恢复经济分析

根据草地植被群落发展规律,利用数学和统计学、投入产出法等方法,对高寒草甸类不同退化状态草地自然恢复和人工恢复进行了经济预测和效益比较。数据证明:在重度→中度恢复中,人工恢复较自然恢复效益高;在中度→轻度恢复中,自然恢复较人工恢复效益高。此结果为草地建设科学决策提供了可靠依据。     

新疆牧区超载过牧对草地退化影响分析

新疆草地退化现象严重,已成为制约草地畜牧业发展的主要障碍。通过建立一套草地退化影响因素评价指标体系,运用灰色相关分析方法,得出草地退化的最主要因素是草地放牧率,牧民的超载放牧行为是导致草地生态环境恶化的主要原因,为制定保护草地政策提供一定的现实依据。     

Serum Serotonin Concentrations in Dogs with Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease

Background: Increased serotonin (5HT) signaling has been implicated in valvular disease of humans and animals, including canine degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD). High circulating 5HT concentration is a potential source of increased signaling, and serum 5HT concentrations have not been previously reported in dogs with DMVD.
Hypothesis: Dogs with DMVD and small breed dogs predisposed to DMVD have higher serum 5HT concentrations than large breed controls.
Animals: Fifty dogs affected with DMVD, 34 dogs predisposed to DMVD but without cardiac murmur or echocardiographic evidence of DMVD, and 36 healthy large breed control dogs.
Methods: Prospective analysis. Serum 5HT concentration was measured by an ELISA test.
Results: Median serum 5HT concentration was significantly higher in dogs with DMVD and in dogs predisposed to DMVD as compared with controls (DMVD, 765.5 ng/mL [interquartile range, 561.3–944.4]; predisposed, 774.9 ng/mL [528.3–1,026]; control, 509.8 ng/mL [320.8–708.8]; P = .0001). Subgroup analysis of predisposed dogs indicated significantly higher serum 5HT concentrations in Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS) dogs than in other breeds (CKCS, 855.0 ng/mL [635.8–1,088]; non-CKCS, 554.2 ng/mL [380.6–648.4]; P = .0023). Age, platelet count, and platelet morphology were not correlated with 5HT concentration in any group.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Dogs with DMVD had significantly higher serum 5HT concentrations when compared with large breed control dogs. Healthy CKCS dogs had significantly higher serum 5HT concentrations than other healthy dogs predisposed to DMVD. Additional investigation into a possible role of 5HT in the pathogenesis of DMVD is warranted.     

云阳县喀斯特地区生态系统退化的原因及对策

总结了云阳县喀斯特地区的地貌类型和生态环境特点,分析该脆弱生态系统退化的原因。针对该地区贫困与生态环境退化的现状,提出生态重建与发展经济的对策。