外源H_2S对干旱胁迫下水稻种子萌发过程淀粉酶活性的影响

为了探索H_2S对干旱胁迫下萌发水稻种子中淀粉酶活性的影响,本研究以‘粤优589’水稻(Oryza sativa L.)杂交种子为实验材料,以20%PEG模拟干旱,0.75 mmol/L硫氢化钠(Na HS)作为外源H_2S供体,采用DNS比色法、碘染等方法探究水稻种子萌发过程中淀粉酶活性变化、种子吸胀速率、胚乳乳化等现象。结果表明:在干旱胁迫条件下,外源H_2S供体Na HS处理使水稻种子吸水速度加快1.5 h;在胚乳乳化过程中,Na HS处理的淀粉分泌斑块较PEG处理大,碘染后液化现象明显优于PEG处理;与PEG相比,Na HS处理的淀粉酶活性呈现显著增强趋势,且第4天增高幅度最大,总淀粉酶活性提高67.14%,α-淀粉酶活性提高35.31%,β-淀粉酶活性提高71.79%,且在水稻种子萌发初期,β-淀粉酶的贡献大于α-淀粉酶;H_2S的抑制剂羟胺(NH2OH)则逆转了外源H_2S供体Na HS对水稻种子萌发的作用效应。证实外源H_2S有效地缓解干旱胁迫对水稻种子萌发的抑制作用,提高淀粉酶活性,加快种子吸胀速率、胚乳乳化速度,显著地促进水稻种子的萌发。     

应用巢式RT-PCR检测水仙退化病毒1

水仙退化病毒（Narcissus degeneration virus,NDV）是水仙上发生较为严重的病毒之一。本文根据 NDV 已报道的外壳蛋白基因序列,设计特异性引物,以感病水仙的总 RNA 为模板,建立了快速检测 NDV 的巢式 RT-PCR 方法。结果表明,巢式 RT-PCR 具有良好的特异性和灵敏度,能够从感染 NDV 的水仙样品上扩增出与预期大小相符的特异性目的条带,同时与其他病毒无交叉反应;灵敏度测定结果表示,巢式 RT-PCR 灵敏度较高,是普通 RT-PCR 的104倍,当 RNA 稀释到109倍时仍能被检测到。本文建立的巢式 RT-PCR 为水仙上 NDV 的快速检测提供了技术参考依据。     

Functional and structural assessment of retinal sheet allograft transplantation in feline hereditary retinal degeneration

Purpose  To investigate whether sheets of fetal retinal allografts can integrate into the dystrophic Abyssinian cat retina with progressive rod cone degeneration.
Methods  Fetal retinal sheets (cat gestational day 42), incubated with BDNF microspheres, were transplanted to the subretinal space of four cats at an early disease stage. Cats were studied by fundus examinations, bilateral full-field flash ERGs, and indocyanine green and fluorescein angiograms up to 4 months following surgery. E42 donor and transplanted eyes were analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry for retinal markers.
Results  Funduscopy and angiography showed good integration of the transplants in two of four cats, including extension of host blood vessels into the transplant and some scarring in the host. In these two, transplants were found in the subretinal space with laminated areas, with photoreceptor outer segments in normal contacts with the host retinal pigment epithelium. In some areas, transplants appeared to be well-integrated within the host neural retina. Neither of these two cats showed functional improvement in ERGs. In the other two cats, only remnants of donor tissue were left. Transplants stained for all investigated cellular markers. No PKC immunoreactivity was detected in the fetal donor retina at E42, but developed in the 4-month-old grafts.
Conclusions  Fetal sheet transplants can integrate well within a degenerating cat retina and develop good lamination of photoreceptors. Functional improvement was not demonstrated by ERG in cats with well-laminated grafts. Transplants need to be further evaluated in cat host retinas with a more advanced retinal degeneration using longer follow-up times.     

海北州天然草地退化沙化成因与对策

基于海北州天然草地退化沙化的事实,简要分析了退化沙化的表现和危害,重点阐述了区域天然草地退化沙化的多层次原因,提出了相应的应对策略和建议。分析表明：海北州天然草地退化沙化的直接原因为超载过牧和生物链遭到破坏,间接原因为牧业人口数量的增加和畜牧技术的应用,内在原因为高寒气候特点和复杂地形造成区域草地生态系统的脆弱性。提出3项对策建议：推行计划生育,增加教育投资,控制并逐步减少牧业人口;大力推行现代高效畜牧业发展模式,发展栽培草地,实施“以草定畜”;树立“不再破坏就是保护”的意识,开展天然草地的有限治理。     

Research of Primary Agricultural Mechanization in Developing Countries

For providing a correct and reasonable strategy to develop agricultural mechanization in developing countries, this paper took China as the representative to analyze the poor agricultural equipment service condition. It also put forward the ecology and social crisis brought out by the long-term and large-scale primary mechanization. According to the characteristics of national condition, this paper brought forward several certain policies and solutions, such as compelling to shorten the continuance cycle of traditional primary stage, seeking for new economic growth poles of high-added-value agricultural production by fully using the abundant labor force, etc. It is a feasible technical program to develop harmonious agricultural modernization in developing countries     

新疆昭苏马场春秋场草地退化演替与植物多样性的研究

[目的]探讨春秋场草地退化演替规律.[方法]群落特征和植被数量分析.[结果]春秋场草地退化严重,不同退化梯度间的多样性呈现一定的规律性.[结论]群落多样性呈现出轻度退化>中度退化>重度退化>极度退化的规律,均匀度呈现中度退化>轻度退化>重度退化>极度退化;群落退化直接影响物种多样性变化;同时,中度、重度退化阶段属于不稳定阶段.     

退化伊犁绢蒿荒漠草地土壤种子库水平分布格局研究

采用萌发法对伊犁绢蒿(Seriphidium transillense)荒漠草地中度退化、重度退化和极度退化三个不同阶段的土壤种子库进行调查研究.结果表明:三个阶段种子萌发的总量均集中在前15 d,萌发高峰期出现在第10 d,到50 d萌发结束;中度、重度和极度退化的土壤种子库内物种数变化不大,分别为13、11和11种,在数量上占优势的物种分别为伊犁绢蒿、叉毛蓬和角果藜、叉毛蓬;随着退化程度的加剧,草地植被逐渐演替为一年生植物,伊犁绢蒿土壤种子库逐步退化,直至消失.     

有机无机复合体防治黑土退化的可行性研究

就黑土退化现状、有机无机复合体的研究现状、有机无机复合体与土壤退化的关系等方面的研究成果进行了综合评述,指出有机无机复合体是土壤改良剂、营养源和重金属或有机有毒污染物过滤器,在土壤退化防治研究中,应加强土壤有机无机复合体的研究。     

宁夏耕地利用现状与退化形式

利用统计资料数据阐述了宁夏耕地面积和利用现状,分析了宁夏耕地质量障碍因子和退化表现形式,同时提出相关的耕地退化防治措施,以为宁夏耕地的合理利用和耕地质量保育提供指导策略。     

不同种属动物的胆汁对某些生理功能与形态结构的影响

对几种不同种属的动物胆汁通过一系列试验与观察表明,其生理效应主要是引起动物心率减慢,呼吸加快和血压下降,并以鲩鱼(又称草鱼 Ctenopnaryngodon indells)胆汁的这种作用表现最为显著。后者对试验动物的一些组织器官有毒性作用。表现为血液循环紊乱、血管损害和实质细胞变性;30％的鲩鱼胆汁滴眼还可招致动物失明。本项试验结果获得资料表明,由于不同种属的动物胆汁的成分和效应并不一样,有时这种差异会很大,故在应用上应持谨慎态度。