章古台地区不同密度樟子松人工林衰退情况分析

针对科尔沁沙地东南缘章古台地区的樟子松引种固沙林出现大面积衰退,甚至死亡现象,在该地区樟子松林中选择不同密度的样地进行调查分析。结果表明:樟子松的衰退与林分密度呈正相关;林木的胸径随林分密度的增加而减小,林木的枯死株数、枯梢病感病指数随密度的增加而增加。综合来看,章古台地区樟子松初植密度应控制在1700株hm^-2以下,并应根据生长情况对林木进行疏伐作业,在近熟龄之前将林分密度降至700株hm^-2左右比较适宜。     

西双版纳阳春砂仁生产中面临的问题及对策

根据西双版纳阳春砂仁生产中品种退化、低产和与热带雨林生物多样化保护的矛盾等问题,提出了在最适宜区种植砂仁,进行规范化种植、集约化管理,统一加工、打造品牌,提高单产、减少种植面积的对策。     

A slowly progressive retinopathy in the Shetland Sheepdog

Objective To describe a slowly progressive retinopathy (SPR) in Shetland Sheepdogs. Animals Forty adult Shetlands Sheepdogs with ophthalmoscopic signs of SPR and six normal Shetland Sheepdogs were included in the study. Procedure Ophthalmic examination including slit‐lamp biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy was performed in all dogs. Electroretinograms and obstacle course‐test were performed in 13 affected and 6 normal dogs. The SPR dogs were subdivided into two groups according to their dark‐adapted b‐wave amplitudes. SPR1‐dogs had ophthalmoscopic signs of SPR, but normal dark‐adapted b‐wave amplitudes. Dogs with both ophthalmoscopic signs and subnormal, dark‐adapted b‐wave amplitudes were assigned to group SPR2. Eyes from two SPR2 dogs were obtained for microscopic examination. Results The ophthalmoscopic changes included bilateral, symmetrical, greyish discoloration in the peripheral tapetal fundus with normal or marginally attenuated vessels. Repeated examination showed that the ophthalmoscopic changes slowly spread across the central parts of the tapetal fundus, but did not progress to obvious neuroretinal thinning presenting as tapetal hyper‐reflectivity. The dogs did not appear seriously visually impaired. SPR2 showed significantly reduced b‐wave amplitudes throughout dark‐adaptation. Microscopy showed thinning of the outer nuclear layer and abnormal appearance of rod and cone outer segments. Testing for the progressive rod–cone degeneration ( prcd )‐mutation in three dogs with SPR was negative. Conclusion Slowly progressive retinopathy is a generalized rod–cone degeneration that on ophthalmoscopy looks similar to early stages of progressive retinal atrophy. The ophthalmoscopic findings are slowly progressive without tapetal hyper‐reflectivity. Visual impairment is not obvious and the electroretinogram is more subtly altered than in progressive retinal atrophy. The etiology remains unclear. SPR is not caused by the prcd‐mutation.     

塔里木河上游与下游地区天然植被群落特征对比分析

塔里木河是我国干旱区最长的一条内陆河,同时塔里木河流域也是我国生态环境脆弱地区之一,该流域荒漠化程度日益加剧,具体表现为土地沙漠化、土壤盐渍化、草场退化、生物多样性减少等,这些都严重的制约了区域社会经济的可持续发展。本文根据对塔里木河的实际调查资料,分别计算了上、下游典型样地的物种多样性指数、丰富度和均匀度指数,对塔里木河上、下游地区的天然植被的群落特征进行了对比分析。结果表明:塔里木河流域内的植物区系组成贫乏,群落结构简单,随着上游至下游水量的减少,下游地区天然植被较上游地区普遍退化,植物种类及群落类型均少于上游地区,生态系统非常脆弱。     

黄河首曲流域草地生态与自然环境退化成因及对策研究

近50年来黄河首曲流域草场退化、沙化,水土流失,生物多样性减少,生态系统功能弱化.分析了黄河首曲流域气候、生态观测资料及统计资料,结果表明:造成生态与自然环境退化的主要原因是气候变化和环境蠕变.黄河首曲大部分区域降水量年际变化呈下降趋势,气温年际变化呈上升趋势,增温速度均大于全国增温速度.草地年干燥指数呈显著上升趋势,20世纪80年代末至2004年明显趋于干旱化,气候变化是草地生态退化的自然诱发因素.超载过牧、滥采乱挖、人为破坏、生物链失衡等环境蠕变是造成生态退化的人为因素.二者共同作用导致黄河首曲流域草地与湿地生态与自然环境退化.控制放牧、防止滥采乱挖、建立自然生态保护区是维护该区域生态系统平衡的措施.     

基于精气胎传理论辨治遗传性神经肌肉病——中医脑病理论与临床实证研究（十）

遗传性神经肌肉病属于胎传疾病,命名为胎传脑病及胎传肌病。通过介绍假肥大型肌营养不良、肾上腺脑白质营养不良、肝豆状核变性、遗传性脑血管病4个医案,阐释了整合各种治法,坚持动态辨证施方,滋其化源,治肾脾为本,并祛除内生诸邪,以减轻或解除部分临床症状,才能提高生存质量。     

七里沙沙柳衰退原因及复壮更新措施的探讨

沙柳是一种重要的防风固沙树种，大面积生长于沙漠、沙地之中。近几年，随着工农业的发展，沙柳的需求量也在逐年增加。然而由于种种原因，现有沙柳林的衰退日益严重。本文结合实际情况，主要探讨了达拉特旗七里沙现有沙柳林的衰退原因及复壮更新的技术措施。     

Research of Primary Agricultural Mechanization in Developing Countries

For providing a correct and reasonable strategy to develop agricultural mechanization in developing countries, this paper took China as the representative to analyze the poor agricultural equipment service condition. It also put forward the ecology and social crisis brought out by the long-term and large-scale primary mechanization. According to the characteristics of national condition, this paper brought forward several certain policies and solutions, such as compelling to shorten the continuance cycle of traditional primary stage, seeking for new economic growth poles of high-added-value agricultural production by fully using the abundant labor force, etc. It is a feasible technical program to develop harmonious agricultural modernization in developing countries     

Effect of artemia nauplii enriched with vitamin A palmitate on hypermelanosis on the blind side in juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

ABSTRACT:   The effect of Artemia nauplii enriched with different level of vitamin A (VA) palmitate (1 µg = 1 IU) on the occurrence of hypermelanosis on the blind side of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus was determined. Artemia were enriched with 0, 1, 2, 5 or 10 mg VA palmitate/L (control group, and 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-mg groups). The enriched Artemia were fed to the larvae from 27 to 31 days post hatching (dph) corresponding to the F–G stage. VA palmitate, retinol and retinoic acid (RA) contents of Artemia were correlatively elevated with increasing VA palmitate in the culture medium. RA was detected in Artemia enriched with 5 mg and 10 mg, and a significantly high frequency of hypermelanosis on the blind side was observed in these groups at 65 dph ( P  < 0.05). These results suggest that RA synthesized from VA palmitate in Artemia could induce hypermelanosis on blind side of flounder when Artemia are enriched with more than 5 mg VA palmitate/L.     

退化伊犁绢蒿荒漠草地土壤种子库水平分布格局研究

采用萌发法对伊犁绢蒿(Seriphidium transillense)荒漠草地中度退化、重度退化和极度退化三个不同阶段的土壤种子库进行调查研究.结果表明:三个阶段种子萌发的总量均集中在前15 d,萌发高峰期出现在第10 d,到50 d萌发结束;中度、重度和极度退化的土壤种子库内物种数变化不大,分别为13、11和11种,在数量上占优势的物种分别为伊犁绢蒿、叉毛蓬和角果藜、叉毛蓬;随着退化程度的加剧,草地植被逐渐演替为一年生植物,伊犁绢蒿土壤种子库逐步退化,直至消失.