Straw mulching with fertilizer nitrogen: An approach for improving crop yield,soil nutrients and enzyme activities

Field experiments were conducted to study soil properties, soil enzymes activities, water use efficiency (WUE) and crop productivity after six years of soya bean straw mulching in the semi‐arid conditions of China. The experiment included four treatments: CK (Control), N (240 kg N ha^‐1), H (soya bean straw mulching at half rate 700 kg ha^‐1 with 240 kg N ha^‐1) and F (soya bean straw mulching at full rate 1,400 kg ha^‐1 with 240 kg N ha^‐1). Soil organic carbon (SOC), soil labile organic carbon (LOC), soil available N (AN), available P (AP) and enzyme activities were analysed after wheat harvesting in 2016 and 2017. Results show that straw amounts had positive effects on the soil fertility indices being higher for treatment F. The SOC, LOC, AN, AP and enzyme activities (i.e. saccharase, urease and alkaline phosphatase) were in the order of F > H > N > CK. High wheat grain yield and WUE were observed for F treatment. A total of six years mulching along with 240 kg ha^‐1 nitrogen fertilizer application is sufficient for wheat yield stability and improving soil properties except urease activities in the semi‐arid condition of China. However, the straw mulching amount should be further studied with minimum nitrogen fertilizer for an environment‐friendly and effective approach for improving the soil biological properties with adequate crop production on a sustainable basis in the semi‐arid region of China.     

玉米新品种隆平703的选育及栽培技术

隆平703是安徽隆平种业有限公司拜泉试验站于2009年组配而成的玉米杂交种。在2年的内蒙古区域试验和1年生产试验中比对照品种增产显著。该品种具有产量高、品质好、抗病性强、保苗好、适宜性强等特点。     

关于提高大豆种植生产效益的栽培技术要点

大豆作为一种农作物,种植过程中容易受到土壤、水分、气候、湿度、温度、病虫害等多方面因素的影响,这些因素都是人为很难改变的。大豆栽培技术主要是通过对这些影响因素的改变来降低这些问题的影响,以此来提高大豆的产量和种植户的经济效益。     

中籼898产量构成及高产栽培措施研究

对中籼 898产量构成因素的分析表明 ,4个产量构成因素对产量贡献的大小依次为有效穗、每穗总粒数、结实率、千粒重。产量 9.0t/hm2 以上的合理穗粒结构为 :有效穗 (2 85± 15 )万 /hm2 ,每穗总粒数 (16 0± 10 )粒 ,结实率 (86± 2 ) % ,千粒重 2 9.5g。并提出高产栽培措施。     

矿区废弃地植被重建技术

总结了安太堡露天煤矿十余年来植被重建技术 ,具体包括种植密度与林草混交、直播与移栽、扦插与管理、植物的优化配置等 ,并对每种技术作了简要评价     

Rapid Screening for Aluminum Tolerance in Cereals by Use of the Chlorophyll Fluorescence Test

The effects of aluminum on the photosynthetic apparatus were examined in cereals grown in nutrient solutions (pH 4.5) at two Al levels (0 and 148 μM). The chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics results confirmed that the soft wheat ‘BHG’ cultivar has the potential for growth on acid soils while triticale cultivars ‘Niovi’ and ‘Dada’ appeared to be relatively tolerant. The percentage decrease in F_v/F_m of the less tolerant cultivars after Al-treatment indicated a decrease in the efficiency of the primary photochemistry of PS II, while the decrease in the ratio F_V/F_osuggested that exposure of the cultivars ‘Dio’ and ‘Appulo E’ to aluminum caused injury to the thylakoid structure. The percentage fluctuations of the ratio F_v/F_mwere shown to correlate very closely with the assessment of injury as evaluated by the relative top fresh weight. Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence in vivo could be used to monitor injury caused by “Al-stress”, and thus they may serve as a rapid screening test for Al tolerance.     

抗虫转基因植物鉴定方法的研究进展

农作物受害虫侵害严重,给农业生产带来巨大损失,喷施化学杀虫剂使害虫产生抗药性,且污染环境。近年来,转基因技术研究不断深入,抗虫转化研究工作进展迅速。鉴定转基因植物的方法技术有很多种,在此主要阐述了利用标记基因进行鉴定,分子标记,免役技术三大类方法,并对其原理分别进行了简单介绍。     

种植密度和施肥量对白瓜籽产量的影响

采用裂区试验设计,研究白瓜不同种植密度和施肥量对白瓜籽产量的影响。结果表明:处理3的产量较高,即667 m2施肥量18 kg,其中尿素4.5 kg,磷酸二铵4 kg,硫酸钾9.5 kg,密度为1 300株,白瓜籽产量可达67.03 kg。     

过渡地区休眠暖地型草坪草交播技术与展望

本文对我国过渡地区暖地型草坪草冬季交播技术,如交播概念、原理、草坪类型、草种选择、草种播种量及交播草坪建植与管理进行了详细介绍,以期为过渡地区建植四季长绿草坪提供技术上的支持。     

冷浸田改良及其配套栽培技术研究进展

综述了冷浸田改良及其配套栽培技术的研究进展,探讨了冷浸田今后改良及其配套栽培技术的研究方向。