Genetic variation within and relationships among populations of Asian goats (Capra hircus)

Genetic variation at 59 protein coding loci (16 polymorphic) and 25 microsatellite loci was analysed for 11 indigenous south-east Asian goat populations, and the Australian feral population, to determine the magnitude of genetic differentiation and the genetic relationships among the populations. Significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were detected in one or more populations for eight of the nine protein loci with codominant alleles, and for microsatellites for all except the two Sri Lankan populations and for all but four loci. For both marker types, average inbreeding coefficients ( F _IS) were exceptionally high. Heterogeneity of deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium for the microsatellites showed no differences for among loci within populations as compared with among populations within loci. For protein loci, however, the former was higher, indicating selection affecting allele frequencies at some loci. The variance among protein loci was significantly higher than among microsatellite loci, further indicating selection at some protein loci. There was significant differentiation among populations for both protein and microsatellite loci, most likely reflecting the geography of south-east Asia, and the presumed spread of goats throughout the region. Phylogenies derived from pair-wise genetic distance estimates show some similar clustering for the microsatellite and protein based trees, but bootstrap support was generally low for both. A phylogeny based on the combined set of 38 protein and microsatellite loci showed better consistency with geography and higher bootstrap values. The genetic distance phylogeny and the Weitzman diversity tree derived from microsatellite data showed some identical clusters, and both identified the Ujung Pandang and Australia populations as contributing most to overall genetic diversity.     

不同来源大豆黄酮对肉用鹌鹑生产性能及有关免疫指标的影响

10 8羽鹌鹑随机分为 3组 ,每组 3个重复。在日粮中分别添加 5mg/kg人工合成的大豆黄酮和 2 0mg/kg从大豆中提取的大豆黄酮 ,与对照组相比 1 4d后 ,鹌鹑增重均显著提高 (P <0 0 5) ,采食量没有变化 ,料重比有降低的趋势 ;同时天然类大豆黄酮组法氏囊指数及新城疫抗体滴度趋于提高     

紫外线对肉仔鸡骨骼发育的影响

[目的]研究紫外线对肉仔鸡骨骼生长的影响。[方法]将720只1日龄AA肉用仔鸡随机分成两组（公母各半），分别放到除光照制度外其它完全相同的两栋密闭鸡舍，第一舍采用国产普通白炽灯照射；第二舍从第2周开始增加使用紫外线保健灯。两舍内的温度、湿度及免疫接种程序均按常规要求进行。日常管理采用垫科平养，自由采食和饮水。[结果]用紫外保健灯照射肉仔鸡，可促进骨骼生长速度（前3周胫长增加，差异显著，P〈0．05；第6周腿肌重增加了3．87％，差异显著，P〈0．05）；改善骨骼质量[胫骨矿密度增加了6．11％，差异极显著，P〈0．01；血清钙、血清磷，碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性都得到改善]；提高了生产性能（体重增加极显著，P〈0．01；饲料转化率平均提高了1．4％；胫长、体斜长和体高均匀度明显提高）。[结论]采用紫外保健灯照射肉仔鸡，可减少鸡腿的发病率，促进鸡的骨骼和肌体生长。     

番茄秧苗运贮中的逆境指标变化

采用生理指标测定等方法进行番茄秧苗运贮试验,结果表明:运贮期间番茄秧苗各项逆境生理指标发生明显而定向的变化,而这些变化表明:番茄秧苗运贮期间的质量下降实质是由于“断光”“断水”而引起的不同于“衰老”的整株型“胁迫性生理衰变”。     

连续施用猪粪菜地土壤基质化研究

采集连续施用0～4年猪粪的无公害蔬菜基地的温室土壤,研究连续施用规模化猪场猪粪的菜地土壤主要理化指标(pH、有机质、全氮和全磷、有效磷等)变化规律.并对测定数据进行了Fisher小样本非参数随机化显著水平检验.结果表明,连续施用猪粪,土壤pH值降低,有机质、全氮、全磷和有效磷增加.     

玉米田桃蛀螟幼虫的空间分布型与抽样技术

【目的】桃蛀螟（Conogethes punctiferalis）是重要的农业害虫,近年来在我国黄淮海玉米产区危害日益严重,已成为玉米安全生产的威胁之一。空间分布型是昆虫种群的重要生态属性,研究桃蛀螟幼虫在玉米田的空间分布型,明确其在玉米田的空间分布特征,为桃蛀螟的田间抽样计划制定、预测预报和有效防治提供科学依据。【方法】利用传统统计学（聚集度指标、Taylor幂法则和Iwao回归模型）和地统计学方法研究玉米田桃蛀螟幼虫种群的空间分布型。基于Iwao回归模型确定桃蛀螟幼虫的理论抽样数,通过序贯抽样技术得到不同允许误差（D=0.1、0.2、0.3）和经济阈值（m₀=0.5、1、1.5、2头/株）下的最大理论抽样数。【结果】两种统计学方法的结果均表明桃蛀螟幼虫种群在玉米田的空间分布型属于聚集分布。聚集度指标分析表明桃蛀螟幼虫的分布型为聚集型;Taylor幂法则结果显示桃蛀螟幼虫种群为聚集分布,且聚集强度随种群密度的升高而增加;Iwao回归模型证明桃蛀螟幼虫的空间分布型属于聚集分布,且为一般的负二项分布。根据半方差函数模型参数,确定桃蛀螟幼虫种群的最优拟合模型为球型、指数型和线型,表明空间分布型为聚集型;通过Kriging插值法分析得到桃蛀螟幼虫种群的三维和二维空间分布图,其聚集中心主要分布在田块边缘。基于Iwao回归模型抽样技术明确了桃蛀螟幼虫在置信概率t=2,不同平均密度m=0.5、1、2、3、4、5、10、15时的理论抽样数。进行序贯抽样确定了最大理论抽样数,在t=2,D=0.1、0.2、0.3时,当m₀=0.5头/株,最大理论抽样数分别为3 417、854和380株;当m₀=1头/株,最大理论抽样数分别为1 717、429和191株;当m₀=1.5头/株,最大理论抽样数分别为1 150、287和128株;当m₀=2头/株,最大理论抽样数分别为867、217和96株。【结论】桃蛀螟幼虫种群的空间分布型为聚集分布中的负二项分布,聚集中心主要分布在田块边缘。基于序贯抽样确定的理论最大抽样数可用于指导玉米田桃蛀螟幼虫的监测和防治。     

Reference Values and Repeatability of B-Mode and M-Mode Echocardiographic Parameters in Healthy Donkey (Equus asinus)—The Guide to Assess Healthy Heart

Donkey (Equus asinus), the cheapest form of agricultural power in Egypt, is used principally as draught or pack animals and may also be ridden, or used for threshing, raising water, milling, and other work. The aim of the present study was to provide B-mode and M-mode echocardiographic reference ranges from a sample of population of donkeys (E. asinus) based on the probability theory and statistics. In the present study, B-mode and 2-dimensional guided M-mode echocardiography were performed on 44 clinically healthy donkeys (E. asinus) (22 males and 22 females), without any neither clinical nor echocardiographic evidence of cardiovascular diseases, aged 2–25 year old, and weighed 150–350 kg. The echocardiographic dimensions, including interventricular septum thickness at end diastole, interventricular septum thickness at end systole, left ventricular internal diameter at end diastole, left ventricular internal diameter at end systole, left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end diastole, and left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end systole were assessed. The cardiac function indices, including end diastolic volume, end systolic volume, stroke volume, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening were also measured. B-mode and guided M-mode echocardiographic examination of healthy donkeys revealed that both the interventricular septum thickness and the left ventricular posterior free wall were greater during systole than diastole. However, the left ventricular dimension during diastole was greater than systole. Furthermore, the recorded data of cardiac function indices, including end diastolic volume, end systolic volume, stroke volume, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening using B-mode echocardiography were closer to those recorded by guided M-mode echocardiography. To our knowledge, this is the first Egyptian study to report the echocardiographic reference ranges of donkeys (E. asinus) based on the probability theory and statistics, the coefficient of variation. The results of the present study can be used as standard and reference values for further echocardiographic studies in donkeys and represent a step in the identification, interpretation, and evaluation of cardiovascular disorders in such animals.     

反刍动物瘤胃酸中毒发病机理的研究——山羊过食玉米后酸碱血气参数值的分析

12头杂交山羊,分别投饲玉米粉100、80和60g/kg体重,在发病前后测定血液pH值和血气参数值。研究结果表明,山羊玉米粉的致死量为100g/kg体重,80～60g/kg体重可引起山羊严重代谢性酸中毒。100g/kg体重组变化比其它各组明显(P<0.01),在瘤胃酸中毒过程中,静脉血pH值明显降低(P<0.01),静脉血Pco_2、Tco_2下降(P<0.05),BB、BE、BEec、HCO_3~-、PO_2、O_2CT和O_2ST降低(P<0.01),各组变化相一致,仅在酸中毒程度上存在差异,血pH位和血气参数值的测定对制定反刍动物瘤胃酸中毒的治疗措施有重要意义。     

中草药添加剂对围产期奶牛血液生化指标及生产性能的影响

本研究旨在研究中草药添加剂对围产期奶牛血液生化指标及生产性能的影响。试验选择36头体况、预产期和胎次相近的荷斯坦奶牛,采用完全随机试验设计,分为3组,每组12头奶牛。3组奶牛在基础日粮中分别添加0、150和300 g/d的中草药添加剂,预饲期1周,正饲期6周。奶牛产后每周采集1次饲料样、血样和奶样,测定其干物质采食量、血液生化指标及乳成分等指标。结果表明,随着中草药添加剂饲喂量的增加,围产期奶牛产后产奶量表现出一定的升高趋势,产奶量分别增加5.1%和10.6%,但与对照组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）,围产期奶牛饲喂中草药添加剂对干物质采食量没有显著影响（P>0.05）。与对照组相比,随着中草药添加剂饲喂量的增加,乳中体细胞数显著降低（P<0.05）,分别下降62.7%和76.6%,但对乳中其他常规指标没有显著的影响（P>0.05）。与对照组相比,随着中草药添加剂饲喂量的增加,奶牛血清中非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）含量显著降低（P<0.05）,降低水平分别为29.0%和35.1%,血清中其他常规指标没有显著变化（P>0.05）。综上所述,在本试验条件下,推荐围产期奶牛中草药添加剂添加量为300 g/d,可以显著降低乳中体细胞数和血中NEFA含量,改善奶牛健康状况,提高奶牛产后生产性能。     

官庄花猪妊娠期和哺乳期血液生化指标的分析

为研究官庄花猪在不同生理期(妊娠期和哺乳期)血液生化指标的变化规律,试验测定了官庄花猪不同生理期的血液生化指标(ALT、AST、ALP、TP、ALB、GLU、TC、TG和UREA).结果 表明,官庄花猪不同生理期的血液生化指标,除UREA变化较小外(P＞0.05),其余指标均存在较大差异(P＜0.05),表明官庄花猪母...