我国种鹅的育种现状及展望

我国养鹅历史悠久,品种资源丰富,但育种水平比较落后,没有形成科学的良种繁育体系。阐述了我国种鹅的育种现状,并展望了我国种鹅的育种前景。     

海南黑山羊血液生化指标与体重的相关分析

测定了成年海南黑山羊的体重Y及其血液中谷草转氨酶（AST,x1）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT,x2）、总蛋白（TP,x3）、白蛋白（ALB,x4）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP,x5）、总胆固醇（TC,x6）、肌酸激酶（CK,x7）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH,x8）、淀粉酶（AMY,x9）等生化指标,并运用SAS软件分析了血液生化指标与体重之间的相关性、血液生化指标对体重的直接和间接影响以及血液生化指标对体重的决定程度,最后建立了血液生化指标与体重的最优回归模型。结果表明：总胆固醇（TC）与体重呈极显著的负相关（P〈0．01,r=-0．53896）,白蛋白（ALB）与体重呈显著的正相关（P〈0．05,r=0．45075）,肌酸激酶（CK）与体重呈显著的负相关（P〈0．05,r=-0．34465）;白蛋白、谷草转氨酶对体重的直接影响最大,其通径系数都达到极显著的程度（P〈0．01）;成年海南黑山羊体重Y与血液生化指标的回归方程为y=-0．0157＋0．4657x1＋0．4497x4-0．4186x6—0．4113x8。     

山羊尿石症发生过程中血液及尿液生化变化的动态研究

应用棉饼稻草日粮饲喂18只阉割公山羊,在其饮水中添加氧化镁时,对成功诱发尿石症的6只山羊血液及尿液生化变化特点进行研究.试验分4个时期:预试结束时为Ⅰ期,正式试验的第15～60天为Ⅱ期,尿闭发生初期为Ⅲ期,尿闭发生后2～5 d为Ⅳ期.结果表明:山羊采食棉饼稻草日粮后,尿沉渣晶体和结石的主要成分为磷酸铵镁和磷酸钾镁.Ⅱ期血浆尿素水平较Ⅰ期显著升高,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期血浆肌酐水平较Ⅰ、Ⅱ期显著升高,血液尿素/肌酐比值在Ⅱ期显著升高);Ⅲ、Ⅳ期血浆尿素与肌酐含量较Ⅰ、Ⅱ期显著升高,血液尿素/肌酐比值显著降低;尿蛋白在Ⅱ期明显升高,在Ⅲ期显著减低,但在Ⅳ期又急剧升高.血液磷、镁、钾含量在Ⅰ、Ⅱ期显著升高;在Ⅲ、Ⅳ期血钾、镁含量显著升高,血液无机磷、钠、氯含量显著降低.Ⅱ期尿液无机磷、镁、钾、铵含量较Ⅰ期显著降低,在Ⅲ、Ⅳ期尿磷、镁、钾、铵含量进一步降低,尿钙含量显著降低.结论:山羊磷酸铵(钾)镁尿石症尿闭出现后出现氮质血症,高钾、低磷、低钠、低氯血症以及肾机能不全,且随尿闭的持续而加重.尿液中无机磷、镁、钾、铵含量因参与晶体及结石形成而降低.     

2001-2006年IM收录与未收录的中华医学系列期刊的评价指标比较

以CJCR为统计数据源，运用统计学方法对IM收录与末收录的“中华”医学系列期刊在反应期刊质量的评价指标上进行了对比分析。结果显示，IM收录的“中华”医学系列期刊与未收录的期刊在反映期刊质量的评价指标上并无太大差异。     

三江源自然保护区土地利用遥感分类方法研究

以三江源区域索加曲麻河自然保护区为例,基于TM影像进行数据变换和波段运算后获取的特征指数,采用决策树方法,探讨了高寒区域土地利用遥感分类方法。然后通过与传统的最大似然法监督分类所得到的结果进行对比,结果表明:利用基于指数的决策树分类方法对高寒区域土地利用/土地覆盖类型进行遥感分类,较传统的最大似然法监督分类总体精度提高15.48%,总体kappa系数提高0.174 1;滩地、沼泽、高覆盖度草地、低覆盖度草地、裸岩石砾地等地类的用户精度提高较大,分别提高28.13%,25.00%,17.86%,17.86%和12.50%。低、中、高3种覆盖度草地,裸岩石砾地的生产者精度也有较大幅度的提升。表明基于指数的决策树分类方法是高寒区域土地利用遥感分类的一种有效手段。     

Reflectance estimation of canopy nitrogen content in winter wheat using optimised hyperspectral spectral indices and partial least squares regression

Many spectral indices have been proposed to derive plant nitrogen (N) nutrient indicators based on different algorithms. However, the relationships between selected spectral indices and the canopy N content of crops are often inconsistent. The goals of this study were to test the performance of spectral indices and partial least square regression (PLSR) and to compare their use for predicting canopy N content of winter wheat. The study was conducted in cool and wet southeastern Germany and the hot and dry North China Plain for three winter wheat growing seasons. The canopy N content of winter wheat varied from 0.54% to 5.55% in German cultivars and from 0.57% to 4.84% in Chinese cultivars across growth stages and years. The best performing spectral indices and their band combinations varied across growth stages, cultivars, sites and years. Compared with the best performing spectral indices, the average value of the R² for the PLSR models increased by 76.8% and 75.5% in the calibration and validation datasets, respectively. The results indicate that PLSR is a potentially useful approach to derive canopy N content of winter wheat across growth stages, cultivars, sites and years under field conditions when a broad set of canopy reflectance data are included in the calibration models. PLSR will be useful for real-time estimation of N status of winter wheat in the fields and for guiding farmers in the accurate application of their N fertilisation strategies.     

乌龙茶新工艺做青期间果胶酶的活性变化及其生化效应研究

试验选用毛蟹和梅占两个适制乌龙茶品种,研究了乌龙茶新工艺做青和对照(不进行摇青)处理过程在制品内源果胶酶(PG)活性及相关生化成分的动态变化。结果表明:鲜叶经晒青后,PG活性有小幅上升,摇青前期,酶活性逐渐增强,在第三次摇青结束时达到峰值,此后的第四、五次摇青中,酶活性迅速下降。不同品种、不同摇青工序间PG活性存在显著差异。对照的PG活性及变幅明显低于摇青处理。在制品含水量及可溶性果胶含量与PG活性之间存在显著相关性。     

渗透胁迫下扁穗冰草生理变化与PLD基因的表达差异

为分析扁穗冰草（Agropyron cristatum）抗旱特性,以扁穗冰草实生苗为研究材料,进行干旱胁迫条件下脯氨酸、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、丙二醛（MDA）、可溶性糖生理指标的测定及用Real-time qPCR方法分析扁穗冰草PLD基因表达差异。结果表明,不同渗透胁迫条件下扁穗冰草的脯氨酸、POD和可溶性糖含量的变化以及扁穗冰草PLD基因表达量都与扁穗冰草渗透胁迫相关。     

Effects of Conjunctive Use of Organic and Inorganic Sources of Nutrients on Soil Quality Indicators and Soil Quality Index in Sole Maize,Maize + Soybean,and Sole Soybean Cropping Systems in Hot Semi-arid Tropical Vertisol

The soils in the hot semi-arid tropical (SAT) regions generally have low organic matter and nutrient reserves. Soil-management problems in these soils primarily occur because of poor physical conditions and inadequate drainage through excess runoff, finally resulting in poor crop growth. Hence, the present investigation was conducted to study the long-term impact of conjunctive nutrient use treatments on soil quality indicators and soil quality indices under three cropping systems: (i) sole soybean, (ii) soybean + maize, and (iii) sole maize cropping systems at the Indore Centre of the All-India Coordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture (AICRPDA) using Navjot and JS-335 as cultivars of maize and soybean, respectively. In 2005, the soil quality assessment study under this experiment was undertaken after 8 years of experimentation. Soil quality assessment was done by identifying the key indicators using principal component analysis (PCA) and linear scoring technique (LST). Soil quality indices (SQI) and relative soil quality indices (RSQI) were also computed. Results revealed that most of the soil quality parameters were significantly influenced by the conjunctive nutrient management treatments. The common key indicators that emerged in all the treatments were pH, organic carbon (OC), exchangeable magnesium (Mg), available zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and boron (B). The soil quality indices across the management treatments under sole maize system varied from 1.70 to 2.40 and application of 20 kg nitrogen (N) (compost) + 20 kg N through urea as top dressing emerged as a one of the most superior treatments with SQI value of 2.40. The soil quality indices in maize + soybean system varied from 1.12 to 1.47 and application of 20 kg N (compost) + 20 kg N through urea + azotobacter at 2 kg ha^?1 proved to be significant with the greatest SQI value of 1.47. In the case of the sole soybean system, the SQI varied from 1.21 to 1.61. After considering all the systems together, the average best performance SQI score (ABP-SQI score) was computed, which varied from 1.14 to 1.56. The greatest value was recorded in the treatment with 20 kg N (compost) + 20 kg N (gliricidia) + 10 kg N (urea). The quantitative relationship developed in this study between mean soybean and maize yields (Y) and RSQI values (X), irrespective of the management treatments, could be quite useful to predict the yield quantitatively with respect to a given change in key indicators for these rainfed Vertisols.     

耕地质量的概念和评价与管理对策

耕地是最重要的农业资源之一,耕地质量是国家粮食安全和农产品质量安全的重要基础。本文根据文献资料,归纳总结了耕地质量概念及评价方法的研究现状,认为耕地质量是个多层次的概念,包含耕地的土壤质量、空间地理质量、管理质量和经济质量四层涵义,评价指标包含自然和社会经济两大因素。分析了我国耕地质量变化状况,结果表明,总体上我国耕地质量等级偏低,其中肥力质量、管理质量及经济质量逐渐趋好,但是健康质量和环境质量却日趋恶劣,部分区域耕地质量问题严重。文章还提出了针对我国国情的耕地质量建设及管理建议。