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A.K. Prusty M.P.S. KohliN.P. Sahu A.K. PalN. Saharan S. MohapatraS.K. Gupta 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2011,100(2):124-129
Experiment was carried out to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) of fenvalerate to Labeo rohita fingerlings. After determining the LC50 value of fenvalerate, a sub-lethal concentration (1/3rd of LC50) of fenvalerate was exposed for 15 days. Significant alterations in SOD (P < 0.05) activity of liver and gill was observed due to fenvalerate. Catalase activity in gills of fishes was also affected significantly (P < 0.05). WBC, NBT and Hct values were reduced significantly in fenvalerate exposed fishes as compared to control group, whereas blood glucose level showed higher values in fenvalerate exposed group. Serum total protein and albumin were also reduced significantly as a result of fenvalerate exposure. Significant increase in the serum GOT, serum GPT, creatinine, triglyceride and serum ACP was noticed after 15 days of fenvalerate exposure. Results indicated that short term exposure of fenvalerate can induce biochemical and haematological alterations causing stress to L. rohita fingerlings. 相似文献
174.
Existence of diazinon, an organophosphorous pesticide, in river waters of Iran near rice paddy fields has been reported by some authors. The present research aimed to determine the acute toxicity and evaluate the effect of sub-lethal concentrations of diazinon on some biochemical parameters of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss after 7, 14 and 28 days. No significant differences were observed in the plasma levels of creatinine among the treatment groups at different sampling intervals. Acetylcholinesterase activity and the levels of total protein, albumin as well as globulin in plasma were significantly reduced at both concentrations tested (p < 0.05). Lactate dehydrogenase activity was only decreased on 7th day in 0.1 mg/L diazinon treatment (p < 0.05). Creatine kinase activity was significantly lower in 0.1 mg/L diazinon group at 14th and 28th sampling periods, whereas its activity significantly increased in fishes exposed to 0.2 mf/L diazinon only on 7th day (p < 0.05). Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase activities and glucose levels in diazinon treated groups were significantly higher than the controlled group at experimental periods (p < 0.05). In conclusion, long-term exposure to diazinon at sub-lethal concentrations induced biochemical alterations in rainbow trout, and offers a simply tool to evaluate toxicity-derived alterations. 相似文献
175.
半干旱黄土丘陵沟壑区人工混交林土壤抗蚀性研究初报 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
半干旱黄土丘陵沟壑区, 在同一条件下, 0~100cm土层内, 有机质和水稳性团粒抗蚀性指标, 混交林较纯林分别高38%和23%; 分散率和分散系数抗蚀性指标, 混交构较纯林分别低3.5%和3.9%。经差异显著性检验, 有机质和水稳性团粒抗蚀性指标, 以99%概率保证, 差异极显著, 分散率和分散系数抗蚀指标, 以95%概率保证, 差异显著。但分层指标不规律。 相似文献
176.
177.
免耕法对土壤微生物和生物活性的影响 总被引:18,自引:1,他引:18
本文比较常耕和免耕法对土壤微生物和生物学活性的影响.结果表明,连续免耕6-7年的砂壤土中微生物的数量较集中分布于上表层,常耕处理则相对均匀地分布于经常翻动的土层中.0-7cm表层土壤中微生物的优势种群在两种耕法中有一定差异,特别是霉菌.免耕处理0-7cm土壤培养1天的呼吸活性是常耕处理的2.1倍,尿酶活性是常耕处理的1.6倍.但随着土层的加深,免耕处理的呼吸活性、尿酶活性下降很快,至7-14cm处分别下降56%、71%.培养40天时0-7cm土壤无机氮释放量免耕和常耕处理分别为48.1、34.5mgN/kg,而7-14cm土层则分别为21.5、29.1mgN/kg.不加碳源只加入硫铵培养3天土壤中无机氮的减少在10%左右,免耕上表层0-7cm土壤减少较多,反映土壤微生物对无机氮的固定作用.长期免耕使具有高生物学活性的土层变得浅薄,而常耕处理则较为深厚. 相似文献
178.
Seventeen different added organic materials (AOM) in a sandy soil were incubated under controlled laboratory conditions (28 °C, 75% WHC), and examined for C and N mineralisation. The transformation of added organics (TAO) model has been presented in previous work for predicting C mineralisation. The two variables (very labile and stable fractions of AOM) used in TAO have been related to the biochemical characteristics of the AOM. The transformed added organic N fraction (TAONF) was estimated from the remaining CAOM and NAOM linked by the C-to-N ratios. TAONF was split (Pim parameter) into immobilised N (imN) and inorganic N (inorgN). When necessary, an additional N mineralisation of imN was predicted by first order kinetics (constant kremin). The TAO version with the two parameters Pim and kremin allowed us to predict very different dynamics of N mineralisation and N immobilisation from the AOM. In a few cases, another first order kinetic law (constant kv) was used to predict N volatilisation from inorgN.Biochemical characteristics of AOM were used for predicting N transformations. First, at each incubation date, inorgN was approximated to inorgNa=α(N-to-CAOM)+β by linear regression. The α, β and −β/α (C-to-NAOM threshold for mineralisation/immobilisation) were related to time. The TAO expression (1−Pim)TAONF was then replaced by the proposed approximation inorgNa as a function of incubation time and C-to-NAOM. Secondly, significant relationships were computed between kremin and organic fibre content of AOM. Finally, a TAO approximation was proposed for predicting the simultaneous transformations of C and N, only using biochemical data (plus the kv parameter in a few cases of N volatilisation). For all AOMs, the validity of the approximation and its borderline cases were examined by comparing the two TAO versions. 相似文献
179.
施肥条件下瘠薄红壤的生物化学性状变化 总被引:8,自引:4,他引:8
在中国科学院红壤生态开放实验站布置田间长期定位试验,研究施肥条件下瘠薄红壤的肥力恢复特征,本文报道土壤生物化学性状的变化。结果表明,年施有机物料4500~9000kg/hm2时,5年后不同瘠薄红壤的表土有机C含量可提高2.1~7.5g/kg,全N含量提高0.18~0.71g/kg;而单施化肥的处理土壤有机C含量平均仅提高2.0g/kg,全N含量提高0.22g/kg。在施用较高量有机肥的情况下(9000 kg/hm2),5年后表土有机C含量从原来的1.3~3.0g/kg提高到7.0~9.7g/kg,全N含量从原来的0.34 ~ 0.41g/kg提高到0.70 ~ 1.05g/kg,该值已接近一般旱地红壤的含量水平。积累量也因母质、利用方式、施肥量的不同而异。施用有机肥还明显增加大团聚体中有机C的含量和比例,提高土壤酶活性和微生物数量,对改善养分有效性和土壤有机质品质有显著作用。 相似文献
180.
升高CO2浓度能够促进作物的光合作用,提高作物的生物量和产量,但关于CO2与NH+4/NO-3比及其交互作用对作物影响的研究较少,为探索番茄幼苗生长发育对CO2浓度升高的响应是否对NH+4/NO-3配比有较强的依赖关系,本试验在营养液栽培条件下,以番茄(Lycopersicun esculentum Mill)为试材,研究正常大气CO2浓度(360 μL/L)和倍增CO2浓度(720 μL/L)与不同NH+4/NO-3配比的交互作用对番茄幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:CO2浓度升高提高了低NH+4/NO-3比例处理中番茄叶片的光合速率和水分利用率,提高幅度随NH+4/NO-3比例的降低而增强,光合速率增强最大达55%。在同一CO2浓度处理下净光合速率与水分利用率均随NH+4/NO-3比例的增加而显著降低。这说明CO2浓度升高对番茄幼苗生长发育的促进作用随NH+4/NO-3比例的降低而提高,但并没有减弱全NH+4-N处理中番茄幼苗的受毒害作用。综上所述,CO2浓度升高能提高植物生产的节水能力和水分生产力;水培条件下,NO-3-N是最适合番茄幼苗生长发育的氮源,其它NH+4/NO-3比例对番茄幼苗的生长发育有一定的抑制作用,仅以NH+4-N作氮源则番茄幼苗很难生长。 相似文献