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91.
2003年春季东海区浮性鱼卵和仔稚鱼种类组成及数量分布 总被引:13,自引:2,他引:13
本文分析研究了2003年春季东海区(27°00′~34°00′N)150m以浅海域浮性鱼卵、仔稚鱼的种类组成及数量分布。共鉴定49种鱼类的鱼卵、仔稚鱼,其中31种鉴定到种,隶属于26科、29属。优势种类为日本鳀、方氏云鳚、太平洋鲱。带鱼、小黄鱼等经济鱼类鱼卵、仔稚鱼数量少,鲱形目鱼类鱼卵、仔稚鱼数量较多。鱼卵、仔稚鱼分布主要在近海禁渔线附近海域。 相似文献
92.
Substitution of fish meal (FM) as a protein source in aquaculture diets is required to reduce cost and promote a sustainable industry. Potential protein sources include a range of traditional products from agricultural production such as plant or animal proteins. However, there are also a number of manufacturing coproducts, including bacterial dried fermented biomass (DFB,) for which there is an increased interest. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate DFB as a replacement for FM in practical diets for Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus. Four diets were prepared in which different levels of FM (15%, 10%, 5%, and 0% of the diet) were replaced with DFB (0%, 4.27%, 8.54%, and 12.82%) on an iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic basis, to contain 40% crude protein and 10% lipid. A 10-week growth trial was conducted in a recirculating system consisting of 12 indoor 1.0 m3 tanks, stocked with 20 juvenile pompano (mean initial weight 8.1 g) per tank. There were no significant differences in final weight (64.5 g?79.5 g), survival (81.7%–96.7%), percent weight gain (711.6%–879.0%), FCR (2.1–2.0), or thermal-unit growth coefficient (0.1013?0.1149), regardless of the levels of dietary FM or DFB tested. Based on these results, it is recommended that DFB can be included up to 12.8% in practical diets for Florida pompano without significantly reducing growth performance. The response to higher levels of DFB inclusion should be evaluated. 相似文献
93.
Xiaowen Long Renfu Wu Xugan Wu Wenjie Hou Guiping Pan Chaoshu Zeng Yongxu Cheng 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(6):1218-1230
A 120‐day trial was conducted to assess the effects of dietary fish oil replacement with vegetable oils on growth, lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity of subadult swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to replace 0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000g/kg of fish oil with a mixture of soybean and rapeseed oil (defined as D1–D5), and each treatment had 30 replicate crabs. Dietary fish oil replacement had no significant effects on growth of the crabs, while the D3 had the highest hepatosomatic index and total lipids in hepatopancreas. The triglyceride and lipase activities in hepatopancreas increased significantly with increasing dietary fish oil replacement. The D4 had the highest levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) in the hepatopancreas, as well as the haemolymph ALP, ACP and peroxidase. The highest levels of haemolymph total antioxidant capacity, catalase and malondialdehyde were detected in D1. Total n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids levels in hepatopancreas decreased significantly with increasing dietary fish oil replacement. In conclusion, dietary fish oil replacement had no significant effects on growth of P. trituberculatus, and 500g/kg of fish oil replacement could improve antioxidant capacity, but excessive replacement level will enhance lipid accumulation and peroxidation in the hepatopancreas. 相似文献
94.
A major concern in larvae production is a mass mortality caused by fish diseases. In larvae production, pumped‐up natural seawater filtered through a sand filter system is used for fish rearing, and microalgae and rotifer cultures. Here, we investigated the community structures of eukaryotic microbes, as well as total bacteria and vibrios, in various processed ‘waters’ used in a larvae production site. We observed that ultraviolet irradiation of seawater was effective to reduce not only total bacteria and vibrios but also eukaryotic microbes. Moreover, the community structures of total bacteria and vibrios in rearing waters for fish larvae were different from those in rotifer cultures fed with Chlorella, but rather similar to those in natural seawater and microalgae cultures. These results suggest that the bacterial community in rearing waters may originate mainly from natural seawater and then be selected by microalgae in rearing water. Overall, this study provides useful information for avoiding the risk of fish disease outbreaks in a larvae production site. 相似文献
95.
microRNA是一种大小为18~25个核苷酸的非编码RNA,调控靶基因的转录后表达,广泛参与多种生理过程。本研究简要综述了microRNA生物学特性、转录后调控机制,详细讨论了第二代测序技术的相关应用、microRNA在鱼类中的表达模式、功能研究,包括渗透压调节、生殖、发育、生长、免疫、代谢等。现有的研究表明,miR-200和miR-30具有调控血浆离子浓度和渗透压平衡的功能;Dicer1是胚胎发育所必需的,在原肠胚时期,miR-20a调节头、眼、脊柱、体节的形态发生,miR-92调控内胚层的形成,miR-10影响体轴形成,miR-219影响头部和尾部细胞的凋亡;miR-122、miR-30、miR-145分别影响肝细胞成熟、肝胆管和肠道发育,miR-138和miR-143调控心脏发育,miR-126、miR-150、miR-451调控血小板、血细胞的发育和成熟,miR-10和miR-126影响血管生成,miR-200、miR-183分别影响嗅觉、听觉系统的发育,多个microRNA参与视网膜、肌肉、鱼鳍、肝脏等器官的再生;miR-133a/b、miR-206抑制肌肉细胞分裂,miR-214、miR-499、miR-199、miR-3906调控快肌纤维和慢肌纤维的生成;miR-430促进原始生殖细胞的生成;多个microRNA参与到禁食和再投喂调控的分解代谢和合成代谢平衡;此外,microRNA通过对免疫因子的调控参与到先天免疫、低氧适应、体色调控、应激反应、肌间刺形成等生理过程中。本研究通过对这些结果进行总结和讨论分析,将有助于对鱼类microRNA研究领域现状的了解和把握,促进鱼类非编码RNA研究的深入。 相似文献
96.
温州南部沿岸海域鱼类群落特征及其与环境因子的关系 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
根据2015年春季(5月)和秋季(9月)温州南部沿岸海域渔业资源调查数据,利用物种多样性指数、多元分析及其典范对应分析等方法,对该海域鱼类种类组成、多样性和群落与环境因子间的关系进行了分析。结果表明:温州南部沿岸海域共鉴定鱼类47种,隶属于9目27科41属,主要以暖水性和暖温性为主,鲈形目(Perciformes)种类最多,共26种;其次为鲱形目(Clupeiformes),共6种;再次为形目(Tetraodontiformes),共4种。春季,优势种依次为日本鳀(Engraulis japonicas)、镰鲳(Pampus echinogaster)、六丝矛尾虾虎鱼(Amblychaeturichthys hexanema)和棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus),其渔获量占总渔获量的49.3%;秋季,优势种为龙头鱼(Harpodon nehereus)、棘头梅童鱼和六指马鲅(Polynemus sextarius),占总渔获量的50.8%。日本鳀、蓝圆鲹(Decapterus maruadsi)、刺鲳(Psenopsis anomala)、龙头鱼、鳓(Ilisha elongata)和六指马鲅等是各季节各站位组的典型种及造成不同站位组间群落差异的主要分歧种。此外,组内的典型种一定程度上是组间的分歧种和群落的优势种。经Pearson分析,Margalef种类丰富度指数(D)和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')与溶解氧呈极显著正相关,而与盐度和温度均呈显著正相关。通过典范对应分析(CCA)得出,影响鱼类群落的主要环境因子为酸碱度p H、水深和盐度。 相似文献
97.
鱼类精氨酸需求研究进展 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
精氨酸是迄今研究的所有鱼类的必需氨基酸。近年来,在确定鱼类精氨酸需要量方面取得了巨大的进展。然而,仍然有许多养殖鱼类对精氨酸的需求有待研究。在已有的报道中,鱼类精氨酸需求存在种内和种间差异,而且这种差异较大。这篇论文综述了鱼类精氨酸需求的研究进展,包括五方面的内容,即鱼类对精氨酸的需要量,饲料中精氨酸含量对鱼类的影响,影响鱼类精氨酸需要量的因素,评价鱼类精氨酸需要量所采用的指标以及精氨酸和赖氨酸之间的相互关系。 相似文献
98.
原油和燃油对南海重要海水增养殖生物的急性毒性试验 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
测定了南海原油、0号柴油和20号柴油对3种仔虾、种仔鱼和4种贝类的急性毒性。油类对仔鱼和仔虾的毒性大小顺序为:0号柴油〉20号柴油〉南海原油;对3种贝类(文蛤除外)的毒性大小顺序为0号柴油〉南海原油。油类分散液的毒性大于其水溶性组分。在曝油的3种仔虾中,刀额新对虾对0号柴油和20号柴油的耐受力最弱,而日本对虾对南海原油最为敏感。曝油仔鱼对3种湍类的耐受力顺序为:黄鳍鲷〉前鳞鲻〉黑鲷,而七星鲈对0号 相似文献
99.
The effectiveness of co-feeding loach ( Misgurnus anguillicaudatus ) larvae with live and microparticle diets on weaning performance was described here. Dry weight, total length, length and weight-specific growth rate (SGR) and survivals were monitored at 23–25 °C from the 4th day post hatching (dph) in different diet regimes, which included: microparticle diets (A), live cladocerans (B), enriched cladocerans (C), half microparticle diets plus half live cladocerans (D) and half microparticle diets plus half enriched cladocerans (E). The SGR (L and W) were significantly lower in treatment A than in other treatments after completing metamorphosis (day 4–20, P <0.05). On 30 dph, dry weight (mg) and total length (mm) were significantly lower in treatment A than in other treatments ( P <0.05). There were no significant differences in growth in treatments B, C, D and E before 30 dph. However, when live feed was withdrawn from 31–60 dph, in metamorphosed fish, there were significant differences ( P <0.05) among the treatments in survival and growth. Metamorphosed fish in treatment E had higher survival than the fish in other treatments at the end of the experiment. The SGR (L and W) of weaned fish in treatments B and C were similar but lower than in treatments A, D and E respectively. However, dry weight and total length in treatment A were significantly lower than in treatments D and E. It is suggested that weaning of M. anguillicaudatus from early development would appear to be feasible and that larval co-feeding improves the growth and the survival. 相似文献
100.
ABSTRACTThis study was conducted as a trial of using dry whey meal (DWM) as a substitute for fish meal (FM) in practical diets for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Triplicate fish groups were fed on five isonitrogenous (30.2%) and isolipidic (6.9%) diets. The control diet (D1) used FM as the sole protein source. In the other four diets (D2–D5), FM protein was substituted by 25, 50, 75, or 100% DWM. Fish (3.5 ± 0.1 g) were stocked at a rate of 20 fish per 100-L aquarium and fed one of the tested diets up to satiation twice daily for 12 weeks. Fish growth, feed utilization, protein efficiency ratio, apparent protein utilization, and energy utilization for fish fed DWM diets up to 75% FM (D2–D4) tended to be higher but were not statistically different than the control diet. No significant effect of diet was found in whole-body moisture, crude protein, and total ash contents. Whole-body lipid content in fish fed the 100% DWM (D5) diet was significantly higher than that for fish fed the control diet. The optimal replacement level of FM by DWM was estimated by second-order polynomial regression to be 62.5%. 相似文献