杨树细菌溃疡病防治指标的研究

在中国黑龙江省杨树细菌溃疡病严重发生地区,采用野外均匀分布典型整群抽样调查和树干解析方法,获得40块样地、90株解析木的病情调查材料。从而,确定了杨树细菌溃疡病各病情指数的材积损失率的相关数律,建立黑龙江省杨树细菌溃疡病对材积损失率的估测模型和防治指标的计算模型。     

Bacterial black spot caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Burkholderia andropogonis</Emphasis> on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Odontoglossum</Emphasis> and intergeneric hybrid orchids

A new bacterial black spot disease was observed on Odontoglossum, Odontioda, Odontocidium, and Vuylstekeara orchids in Japan. Typical symptoms on the leaves were dark or black spots (or both) with a yellow halo. The causal agent was identified as Burkholderia andropogonis (Smith 1911) Gillis, Van Van, Bardin, Goor, Hebbar, Willems, Segers, Kersters, Heulin and Fernandez 1995. The isolates were pathogenic on four original host orchids, Phalaenopsis orchid, and tulip; they were not pathogenic on white clover or corn after needle stab inoculation. An antibiotic bactericide (oxytetracycline/streptomycin mixture WP) was most effective for controlling the disease.     

Bacteria and antibiotic resistance detection in fractures of wild birds from wildlife rehabilitation centres in Spain

Anatomic adaptations make birds more prone to open fractures with exposed bone parts losing vascularization. As a result of this exposure, fractures are colonized by different microorganisms, including different types of bacteria, both aerobic and anaerobic, causing osteomyelitis in many cases. For this reason, antibiotic treatment is common. However, carrying out antibiotic treatment without carrying out a previous antibiogram may contribute to increased resistance against antibiotics, especially in migratory wild birds. In this paper, bacterial counts regarding fracture type, bacterial identification and antibiotic resistance have been analysed in wild birds from wildlife rehabilitation centres in Spain. The results obtained showed that open fractures had higher bacterial counts (CFU/mL) than closed ones. Bacteria in family Enterobacteriaceae, identified were Escherichia spp., Enterobacter spp., Shigella spp., Hafnia alvei, Proteus mirabilis, Leclercia adecarboxylata and Pantoea agglomerans. Other bacteria present in wild birds’ fractures were Aeromonas spp., Enterococcus spp. Bacillus wiedmannii and Staphylococcus sciuri. All species found presented resistance to at least one of the antibiotics used. Wild birds can be implicated in the introduction, maintenance and global spreading of antibiotic resistant bacteria and represent an emerging public health concern. Results obtained in this paper support the idea that it is necessary to take this fact into account before antibiotic administration to wild animals, since it could increase the number of bacteria resistant to antibiotics.     

中国水稻白叶枯病菌系染色体DNA的RFLP谱型的初析

用２个ＤＮＡ探针ｐＪＥＬ１０１和ｐＢＡＳａｖｒＸａ１０对７８个水稻白叶枯病菌系进行ＲＦＬＰ分型，以分析其群体结构和遗传多样性。分别鉴定出１６种ＲＦＬＰ标记带的谱型。以彼此的带位相似率达８５％为界，可分为簇。参试菌系的群体遗传多样性为０．７７（用ｐＪＥＬ１０１），和０．８３ＲＦＬＰ谱型分析表明：我国多数病原型为杂合组群。白叶枯病菌系的分子表现型的变异，远远大于致病型，两个探针都能有效分析我国菌系的群     

高蛋白日粮对家兔的危害

蛋白质含量超过营养需要的日粮，不仅造成浪费，更重要的是直接引起蛋白质消化、吸收和代谢障碍；间接地引起肝肾疾病和全身中毒，诱发传染病和其它疾病。     

不同Xa21转基因杂交稻组合的大田试验与分析

在北京、四川和江苏等地对Xa21转基因杂交稻进行了大田释放实验. 分别对转基因纯合的3个恢复系明恢63-Xa21、盐恢559-Xa21和C418-Xa21与各种不育系配组的23个杂交组合进行了抗性和农艺性状分析. 在不同的杂合遗传背景下转基因Xa21稳定遗传和高效表达, 所有杂交组合均具有对白叶枯病的广谱抗性. 转基因恢复系配制的杂交组合与     

云南高原粳稻抗白叶枯病新品系云资抗21号的选育

以高产优质的云南高原粳稻品种滇系4号为轮回亲本，以IRBB21为白叶枯病抗性基因Xa21的供体亲本，通过杂交和3次回交以及5次自交形成BC3F，代材料，并结合后代材料的白叶枯病抗性鉴定及农艺性状的评价选择，选育出高原粳稻新品系云资抗21号，对云资抗21号的21个单株采用与Xa21连锁标记RM21和RM229、以及22个独立分离的SSR标记进行检测，结果表明这21个单株在RM21位点上均为IRBB21的纯合基因型，在RM229位点上有1个单株显示为轮回亲本的纯合基因型，其余的20个单株均为IRBB21的纯合基因型，而在其余22个SSR标记位点上均显示为轮回亲本的纯合基因型。该新品系白叶枯病抗性与IRBB21相近，农艺性状与轮回亲本相似，具有很好的应用前景。     

转Xa23基因水稻的白叶枯病抗性及其遗传分析

在分离克隆抗白叶枯病基因Xa23研究中获得大量转基因水稻材料。为了系统研究转Xa23基因水稻的抗病稳定性和遗传模式, 本文通过逐株进行抗白叶枯病接种鉴定、PCR和Southern blot分子检测, 对一批转Xa23基因水稻植株进行了T₀代到T₂代的跟踪分析。结果表明, Xa23基因的整合和表达, 使感病受体品种牡丹江8号获得抗病性。由于Xa23基因插入受体基因组的位点不同, 同是单拷贝插入的转基因T₀代抗病植株, 其抗病程度有明显差异。T₀代植株的抗病程度, 可以准确、稳定地遗传到T₁代和T₂代。单拷贝转基因植株分离群体的抗感植株分离比接近3∶1, 表明转Xa23基因遵循孟德尔单基因遗传模式。已获得2个纯合的单拷贝转基因抗病株系, 它们的抗病程度稍有差别, 将用于外源基因插入位置效应分析和杂交稻抗病育种。     

三个中籼稻骨干恢复系对白叶枯病和褐飞虱抗性改良效果的评价

利用分子标记辅助选择和田间鉴定选择相结合的方法,将抗白叶枯病基因Xa23和抗褐飞虱基因Bph18(t)导入明恢86、蜀恢527和浙恢7954等3个骨干中籼恢复系,获得带有Xa23抗性基因纯合的改良恢复系明恢86-Xa23、蜀恢527-Xa23、浙恢7954-Xa23和携有抗褐飞虱Bph18(t)基因的蜀恢527-Bph18(t)、浙恢7954-Bph18(t),并从蜀恢527/IRBB23 F₁和浙恢7954/IR65482 F₁复交后代中选育出的带有Xa23和Bph18(t)的双基因聚合系浙蜀-Xa23-Bph18(t)。明恢86-Xa23、蜀恢527-Xa23、浙恢7954-Xa23和浙蜀-Xa23-Bph18(t)对中国和菲律宾的17个白叶枯病菌均表现高抗,蜀恢527-Bph18(t)、浙恢7954-Bph18(t)和浙蜀-Xa23-Bph18(t)对褐飞虱的抗性也达到中抗以上水平。抗性改良恢复系及其与不育系II-32A、沪旱11A的测交种在不接种白叶枯病菌条件下的产量和结实率与原来的恢复系及相应杂交种相仿,但在接种条件下带有Xa23基因的恢复系及测交种的结实率和产量明显优于原来的恢复系及相应杂交种。研究表明,抗性基因Xa23在不同恢复系背景下的抗性表达完全,对恢复系白叶枯病改良的效果明显,而抗性基因Bph18(t)对褐飞虱的改良效果与遗传背景有关。对分子标记回交和复交改良恢复系的抗病虫性进行了讨论。