Effects of vitamin A inclusion in practical diets on survival and growth of juvenile crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana,Astacidae) from the onset of exogenous feeding

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of practical diets with different levels of vitamin A on survival and growth of juvenile crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus). An 80‐day trial was conducted with stage 2 juveniles from the onset of exogenous feeding. Four diets differing in the level of retinyl acetate were tested: 0, 0.0025, 0.0050 or 0.0100 g kg^?1 diet, equivalent to 0, 2500, 5000 or 10 000 IU vitamin A kg^?1 diet, respectively. Each diet was tested on grouped or individually isolated crayfish. Crayfish fed the diet with 5000 or 10 000 IU vitamin A kg^?1 diet achieved the highest survival (average of grouped and isolated: 88.9%) and growth (grouped and isolated: 13.45 mm carapace length, 533.4 mg weight). Final growth of isolated crayfish was significantly higher than that of grouped crayfish for all diets. This study provides the first data on vitamin A requirements of freshwater crayfish. A level of 5000 IU vitamin A kg^?1 can be recommended for juvenile P. leniusculus during the first period of intensive rearing.     

Effectiveness of Synthetic Molecules,and Animal and Vegetable Extracts as Baits for Harvesting Red Swamp Crayfish,Procambarus clarkii

Abstract

The present study was designed to evaluate the efficiency of different biogenic amines (putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, spermine and spermidine) and their precursory amino acids (arginine, histidine, lysine and tyrosine), as well as animal extracts (from fish, crustaceans and mollusks) and vegetable extracts (Chara sp., coconut and alfalfa) as baits in traps for red swamp crayfish, P. clarkii. The methodology was conceived as a logical sequence to proceed from rapid screening of a large number of treatments and was divided into three phases: (1) chemo-detection bioassays, (2) chemattraction bioassays, and (3) field bioassays carried out under natural conditions. The attractants that showed the best performance as baits for P. clarkii, were: the fish soluble extract (included at 2.96%), the putrescine (included at 0.30%) and the red crab soluble extract (included at 2.69%). The benefits of using these attractants, when added to common pelleted feed, come from their low cost, availability and enhanced handling properties.     

Effects of different bronopol treatments on final survival rates in the artificial incubation of crayfish eggs (Pacifastacus leniusculus,Astacidae)

Two experiments were conducted on the effects of bronopol in the artificial incubation of crayfish eggs (Pacifastacus leniusculus) with the aim to search an alternative to formaldehyde. In the first experiment, 50, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm bronopol and 3000 ppm formaldehyde (control) in periodical administrations were tested on a density of 6.6 eggs cm^?2. After 44 days of incubation, the highest survival was obtained with 1000 ppm bronopol (81.9% to stage 2 juvenile, with no significant difference from formaldehyde), whereas lower bronopol concentrations resulted in significantly lower survival. In the second experiment, 1000, 3000 and 5000 ppm bronopol and 3000 ppm formaldehyde (control) administered for 15 min every second day were tested on eggs at a density of 20 eggs cm^?2. After 78 days of incubation, bronopol at 3000 ppm allowed for a stage 2 juvenile survival rate of 65.0% (with no significant difference from formaldehyde), whereas significantly lower survival was obtained with 1000 ppm or 5000 ppm. This study shows that bronopol may constitute an alternative to formaldehyde in the artificial incubation of crayfish eggs. A concentration of 3000 ppm administered for 15 min every second day may be adequate even on long incubations at high densities (at least 20 eggs cm^?2, one complete layer).     

江苏里下河地区“一稻两虾”共作模式生产技术规程

"一稻两虾"共作模式是江苏省里下河地区利用稻虾互利共生,实现生态种养一体化的农渔结合模式,其生产过程绿色环保、节本增效,具有显著的生态经济价值和应用推广潜力。为进一步规范该模式生产技术,从品种选择、田间工程设置、时空耦合、田间种养管理等技术层面进行操作规范,以期为江苏里下河地区推广应用"一稻两虾"共作模式提供技术支持。     

小龙虾虾肉辐照后理化指标与蛋白质性质分析

为探讨辐照对小龙虾品质的影响,以小龙虾虾肉为试材,冷冻后经5、10、20k Gy剂量辐照处理,研究分析虾肉理化指标(色泽、质构特性、水解氨基酸含量)与蛋白质性质(表面疏水性、蛋白质浓度、相对分子质量)的变化情况。结果表明,冷冻虾肉辐照后色泽指标(L*、a*与b*)均降低,质构特性(硬度、弹性、黏聚性、胶着度与咀嚼度)随着辐照剂量增大而增加。辐照后虾肉中水解氨基酸含量增加,氨基酸总量均高于未辐照样品。当辐照剂量为5 k Gy时,氨基酸含量达到最高值86.23%,虾肉蛋白表面疏水性最大,蛋白质浓度最高,蛋白质相对分子质量主要分布在55 k Da以下。高剂量辐照对虾肉理化性质影响较大,蛋白质相对分子质量显著降低。本研究结果为小龙虾辐照后的品质变化提供了理论参考。     

淫羊藿提取物对靶动物红螯螯虾的安全性评价研究

目的明确淫羊藿提取物对红螯螯虾生长性能的影响并对其安全性进行评价。方法将150尾健康红螯螯虾随机分为5组：空白对照组, 淫羊藿提取物临床推荐剂量1倍、3倍、5倍和10倍给药组。4个不同剂量给药组饲料中分别添加0.1%、0.3%、0.5%、1.0%淫羊藿提取物, 每组设3个平行, 每个平行10尾, 分箱饲养。混饲给药7 d, 观察临床症状, 测定红螯螯虾形态学参数、血液生理生化指标以及肝胰腺指数。结果与空白对照组比较, 淫羊藿提取物在临床推荐剂量10倍范围内, 对红螯螯虾增重率、特定生长率、肥满度均无显著（P>0.05）影响;1倍和3倍临床推荐剂量的淫羊藿提取物能极显著（P<0.01）提高红螯螯虾血细胞总数, 极显著（P<0.01）降低血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）活性, 极显著（P<0.01）提高总蛋白（TP）水平;1 倍临床推荐剂量的淫羊藿提取物能显著（P<0.05）降低大颗粒细胞比例。各剂量给药组红螯螯虾血清TG、BUN、T-CHO水平以及肝胰腺指数与空白对照组比较均无显著（P>0.05）差异, 肝胰腺组织学结构均正常。结论淫羊藿提取物在临床推荐剂量的3倍量范围内连续给药7 d, 对靶动物红螯螯虾是安全的。     

稻—小龙虾生态种养模式探析

稻—小龙虾生态种养模式是水产养殖业与种植业有机结合的一种生态农业生产模式，充分挖掘了稻田的生产力，提高了稻米质量，增加了经济效益，提高了农民种田的积极性，解决了农田撂荒的问题，保护了粮食安全。当前在湖南省甚至全国得到迅速推广和发展。本文介绍了稻—小龙虾模式的种类和田间种养技术流程，分析其经济效益、生态效益和社会效益，并探讨了农业监测系统在稻—小龙虾生态种养模式中的应用，以期为生态农业的现代化提供参考。     

Effects of Harvest Period on the Production of White River Crayfish,Procambarus acutus acutus

Abstract

Crayfish harvest was initiated at a cool water temperature (15°C) and warm water temperature (20°C) from culture ponds (0.1 ha) with a resident population of white river crayfish, Procambarus acutus acutus.Crayfish were harvested for 24 days for a total of 1,977 trap-days/ha (March 9-May 12, 2000 from the cool-harvest treatment and May 5-June 15, 2000 from the warm-harvest treatment). The mean total length (TL) and production of harvested white river crayfish (WRC) was similar between treatments. The population structures of WRC from the cool and warm periods of harvest were substantially different; large WRC (≤100 mm TL) from the cool-harvest period were 3.1 times more abundant than large WRC during the warm-harvest period. A similar number of small WRC were harvested from the two treatments; however, those small WRC harvested during the warm period was significantly longer than the small WRC during the cool-harvest period. The estimated large WRC biomass contribution to the total harvest from the cool-harvest period was 37% in comparison to 15% during the warm-harvest period. The estimated dollar value of the production during the cool-harvest period was 40% more than that from the warm-harvest period.     

Use of natural pyrethrum to control the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii in a rural district of Italy

BACKGROUND: The crayfish Procambarus clarkii inflicts severe ecological and economic damages in Europe. To develop an efficient method for its control, four experiments were carried out to assess the impact of natural pyrethrum (i.e. Pyblast) on crayfish: (1) the 24 h LC₁₀₀ and LC₅₀ were quantified on crayfish; (2) the breakdown time of the 24 h LC₁₀₀ was assessed using Daphnia magna as a bioindicator; the effects of 24 h LC₁₀₀ on crayfish were investigated by applying the biocide into burrows (3) and in a drainage channel (4). RESULTS: Pyblast concentrations of 0.05 and 0.02 mg L^?1 corresponded to 24 h LC₁₀₀ and LC₅₀ respectively. The concentration of 0.05 mg L^?1 broke down after 72 h, whereas 0.02 mg L^?1 did not cause any significant mortality in D. magna after 24 h. However, 0.05 mg L^?1 had no effect on crayfish when introduced into the burrows, but led to a mortality of 95% when applied in the water. CONCLUSION: Experimental evidence is provided for the efficacy of Pyblast to control invasive crayfish. Obviously, before its use on a large scale, further studies are needed to find a concentration that will achieve the target 100% mortality with the shortest recovery time of the environment. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下小龙虾产业发展对策——以湖北省荆州市为例

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对荆州市小龙虾养殖-物流-加工-餐饮全产业链造成了严重冲击,短期内恢复难度大,企业、新型经营主体信心不足。经历了连续多年的快速发展后,在疫情影响下,小龙虾产业呈现出新的变化：一是养殖面积趋于稳定,稻田养殖将回归理性,由“大养虾”向“养大虾”转变;二是小龙虾储藏和精深加工产业发展;三是线上消费模式将越来越被接受。基于调查研究,提出了小龙虾产业恢复生产与持续健康发展的相关建议：养殖端要从产量增长向质量提升转变,加工、服务端要开发新产品、发展新消费模式,行业管理部门要加大引导、监管力度,政府要从政策、金融、宣传等方面加强扶持,共同引导产业升级,打造区域品牌。