短周期间歇光照对肉用仔鸡生产性能的影响

在７日龄时,肉服仔鸡由接近全日制光照改变为１ｈ光照,３ｈ黑暗的短周期简歇光照。结果表明,短周期间歇光照的肉仔鸡饲料报酬和饲料利用率提高,氮平衡试验表明,增加肉用仔鸡的光周期,粪氮分泌量减少,饲料氮在鸡体内的沉积增加,而饲料氮的摄入量并未增加,因而使得饲料氮的利用率和到提高。     

蓝狐精子受精能力的研究——体外常温保存精子存活率的检测

本试验对３０ 只进口芬兰大体型种公狐的１１２ 份精液于１９９８ 和１９９９ 年度的两个繁殖季节进行了精子存活率的检测。结果表明：进口的芬兰大体型种公狐人工授精的可利用率为８３－４ ％ ;精子的平均总存活时间分别为Ａ 组２６－０ ｈ ,Ｂ 组２１－７ ｈ,Ｃ 组５ ｈ ;精子的平均生存指数为Ａ 组１６－６ ,Ｂ 组１０－８ ,Ｃ 组０－８ 。     

番茄斑萎病毒病抗性种质筛选及人工接种鉴定方法优化

对154份番茄材料(包括普通番茄76份,樱桃番茄78份)进行两年两次田间番茄斑萎病毒病的病情指数调查,筛选出14份对番茄斑萎病毒病具有稳定抗性的番茄材料,利用sw-5-2共显性SCAR标记对田间表现抗病的材料进行分子标记鉴定,发现3份抗病材料携带抗番茄斑萎病毒病的Sw-5基因。为缩短番茄斑萎病毒病人工接种鉴定周期,以含有sw-5的抗病材料H8和感病材料M82为研究对象,设置4、6、8、10片真叶4个接种时期,分别在接种后14、21、28 d进行病情指数调查和抗性分级,结果表明,6片真叶期接种,接种后28 d进行病情调查即可有效鉴别植株番茄斑萎病毒病抗性,与8、10片真叶期接种效果相同,人工接种抗病性鉴定效率显著提升。     

Identification of RFLP markers linked with heading date and its heterosis in hexaploid wheat

Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between hexaploid wheat (T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (CS) and T. spelta (Sp)) were used for RFLP analysis of heading date and heterosis. Fourteen RFLP markers linking with heading date were identified; two were localized on chromosome 1A, one on 2A, three on 2B, one on 2D, four on 5A, two on 7A and one unlinked but reported to be on group 2. All of these markers may be attributable to genes for earliness per se. However, the markers in the chromosomes of 1A and 7A are new to this study. RILs were crossed with (tim)-CS, the alloplasmic CS with T. timopheevi cytoplasm, and the heterosis from earlier-parent and mid-parents were calculated for the F₁s to examine the heterotic effect toward earliness on heading date. Five and two RFLP markers were associated with heterosis from the earlier-parent and mid-parents, respectively. They were distributed on the chromosomes of homoeologous groups 1 and 2. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Distribution of photoperiod-insensitive allele Ppd-A1a and its effect on heading time in Japanese wheat cultivars

The Ppd-A1 genotype of 240 Japanese wheat cultivars and 40 foreign cultivars was determined using a PCR-based method. Among Japanese cultivars, only 12 cultivars, all of which were Hokkaido winter wheat, carried the Ppd-A1a allele, while this allele was not found in Hokkaido spring wheat cultivars or Tohoku-Kyushu cultivars. Cultivars with a photoperiod-insensitive allele headed 6.9–9.8 days earlier in Kanto and 2.5 days earlier in Hokkaido than photoperiod-sensitive cultivars. The lower effect of photoperiod-insensitive alleles observed in Hokkaido could be due to the longer day-length at the spike formation stage compared with that in Kanto. Pedigree analysis showed that ‘Purple Straw’ and ‘Tohoku 118’ were donors of Ppd-A1a and Ppd-D1a in Hokkaido wheat cultivars, respectively. Wheat cultivars recently developed in Hokkaido carry photoperiod-insensitive alleles at a high frequency. For efficient utilization of Ppd-1 alleles in the Hokkaido wheat-breeding program, the effect of Ppd-1 on growth pattern and grain yield should be investigated. Ppd-A1a may be useful as a unique gene source for fine tuning the heading time in the Tohoku-Kyushu region since the effect of Ppd-A1a on photoperiod insensitivity appears to differ from the effect of Ppd-B1a and Ppd-D1a.     

二氟沙星单克隆抗体的研制及其免疫学特性的鉴定

采用改进的碳二亚胺法,将半抗原二氟沙星(DIF)与载体牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和卵清白蛋白(OVA)偶联,,制备得到二氟沙星全抗原DIF-BSA和DIF-OVA。采用紫外（UV）,凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)进行鉴定; 用BSA-DIF免疫 BALB/C小鼠, 间接ELISA和阻断ELISA选择细胞融合备用鼠;应用杂交瘤技术制备二氟沙星单克隆抗体（DIFmAb）,并对其效价、亲和力和特异性等进行鉴定。结果表明,BSA与DIF偶联成功,分子结合比为1：4.7,筛选出1H10、2F12、4D8共3株敏感特异的杂交瘤细胞, 间接ELISA效价细胞培养上清分别为1:5.12×102、1：3.2×101、1：2.56×102,腹水效价分别为1：2.56×105、1：1.28×105、1：6.4×104。同种亚型分别为IgG1、IgG1、IgG2a,亲和常数（Ka）分别为2.94×1010 L/moL、1.72×1010 L/moL和1.35×1010 L/moL.亲和力最高的1H10对DIF的IC50为1.64ng/ml,单抗与其他氟喹诺酮类药物和磺胺类药物无交叉反应。通过试验获得高效价、敏感、特异的mAb,适用于动物性食品中DIF的残留检测的免疫学试验     

短日照诱导对小豆生长发育、光合和荧光参数的影响

为明确短日照对小豆生长发育、光合和荧光参数的影响,采用不同生育时期短日照诱导处理来调查小豆的形态指标、开花时间及开花节位,在开花期和结荚期测定光合作用和叶绿素荧光。结果表明,与对照相比,短日照诱导使小豆的株高降低、平均茎粗和主茎节数变小、白红2号在开花期和结荚期的节间长度升高,唐山红小豆降低;短日照诱导使小豆的花期提前并降低开花节位;短日照诱导使2个品种的净光合速率在开花期明显升高,在结荚期降低,气孔导度、细胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率在开花期无明显变化,在结荚期,白红2号明显降低,唐山红小豆升高;短日照诱导对开花期的叶绿素含量无明显影响,在结荚期明显降低,与对照相比,白红2号在开花期和结荚期的Fv/Fm升高,唐山红小豆在开花期变化规律不明显,在结荚期升高;短日照诱导使小豆的产量构成因素及产量呈下降趋势。以上结果说明短日照诱导对花荚期小豆的生长发育、光合参数及产量具有调控作用。     

Artificial incubation of Great bustard (Otis tarda) eggs

A trial of artificial incubation to great bustard (Otis tarda) egg was conducted from 1995 to 1997. Among the 45 collected eggs, 28 eggs were fertilized and 26 hatched, with fertilizing rate 62.2% and incubation rate 92.85%. The mean incubation-days for great bustard egg was confirmed as 24.4 (21–28 days) with the formula for caculating fresh egg weight (W=KwLB ²) and that for counting the incubated days by parents birds in field (Id=24(w−y)/0.144y). The proper incubation temperature and relative humidity were 36–37.8°C and 50–65%, respectively. The egg weights and egg size average 130.45 g and 77.4±1.42×55.5±0.65 mm respectively. The total weight loss of egg was 18.38±0.646 g, daily weight loss 0.748±0.071 g in the incubation time, with a weight loss rate of 13.6±1.02%. A linear regression equation to discribe the relationship between the egg weight and incubation days, was built,y=130.73−0.619x (x-incubation day,y-egg weight) r=−0.978. Twenty-eight hours were nassassary for great bustard embryo to complete the fledging when the were put in gas room. The mean weight of fledglings was 86.3±3.29 g(n=26). (Responsible Editor: Chai Ruihai)     

杉木人工林地力衰退研究概述

介绍了我国杉木人工林地力衰退的现状，从森林土壤条件、杉木人工林的营养循环特点和人为经营措施等方面分析了导致杉木人工林地力衰退的原因，提出营建人工复层林、林地施肥、适当延长轮伐期，加强植被管理和进行定位观测等措施防止地力衰退。