家蚕人工饲料育的小蚕饲育技术研究

从收蚁方法、饲料形状、光照条件等方面研究家蚕人工饲料育的小蚕饲育技术。结果表明 :不带卵壳收蚁其疏毛率、起蚕率、生长发育进度优于带壳卵收蚁 ;收蚁用饲料以平板状为好 ,有利于蚕的取食和疏毛 ,2龄以后用片状饲料饲育较适宜 ;光线不仅影响蚕的生长发育 ,而且影响饲料价值。为便于实际操作 ,防止饲料变质和污染 ,保持饲料水分等以黑暗封闭饲育为宜     

Influence of dietary feathers on the fecal microbiota in captive Arctic fox: Do dietary hair or feathers play a role in the evolution of carnivorous mammals?

Hair and feathers are composed of keratin and are indigestible, inalimental and unpalatable for carnivores. However, carnivores often ingest hair and feathers during feeding or when grooming. We hypothesized that ingestion of hair and feathers changes species diversity and relative abundance of bacteria in the gut of carnivores. To test this hypothesis, we added disinfected poultry down feathers to the normal diet of captive Arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus). We then used fluorescently labeled terminal restriction fragments (T‐RFs) to examine changes in fecal bacterial diversity and abundance. The results showed that the number of bacterial species increased significantly after feather ingestion, but that total abundance was unchanged. This demonstrated that addition of disinfected feathers to the diet stimulated increased production among less abundant bacteria, resulting in a balancing of relative abundance of different bacterial species, or that some newly‐ingested microbial species would colonize the gut because a suitable microhabitat had become available. This implies that the overall production of bacterial metabolites would be made up of a greater range of substances after feather ingestion. On one hand, the host's immune response would be more diverse, increasing the capacity of the immune system to regulate gut microflora. On the other hand, the animal's physiological performance would also be affected. For wild animals, such altered physiological traits would be subjected to natural selection, and, hence, persistent geographic differences in the character of ingested feathers or fur would drive speciation.     

Advances in the Research and Application of Artificial Insemination to Equids in China: 1935–2012

China was one of the first countries to use artificial insemination (AI) in equids, and it achieved international recognition for its widespread application of AI to commercial horse breeding. This article reviews the history of equine AI in China. The technique originated from the high demand for horses to be used in agriculture, transportation, and the military. Artificial insemination was identified as an ideal tool for Chinese horse breeding to improve the productivity of native horses, especially during 1950-1970. Presently, AI is still practiced commonly in China, and it includes the use of fresh semen and transported cooled semen. The use of frozen semen has also been resumed to broaden the range of elite Sporthorse stallions and to preserve threatened or endangered native breeds. Accurate prediction of the optimum time for insemination depended mainly on transrectal palpation of the mare's ovaries. In addition to controlled methods of insemination, factors like volume and number of spermatozoa in the inseminate and timing and frequency of insemination were optimized to accomplish high fertility rates in the field. Production of hinnies and mules for agricultural labor and donkeys for meat and hide gelatin stimulated a nationwide upsurge of research into the reproductive physiology of and AI technology in donkeys. In the future, there will be further increases in the use of traditional and modern AI techniques in the breeding of Chinese equids.     

无磷酸氢钙日粮对生长猪的影响研究

将48头杜×长×大三元杂交生长猪随机分为两组,分别饲喂正常磷水平日粮和无磷酸氢钙日粮,结果表明:与正常磷水平日粮相比,无磷酸氢钙日粮可显著提高磷的表观消化率(P<0.05),增加猪场的纯收入,减少粪中磷的排放以保护猪场周边的生态环境。     

三种配方日粮饲喂湖羊的育肥效果分析

设计三种能量与蛋白质水平不同的配方日粮饲喂4月龄湖羊羔羊,为期60d。结果发现,三种配方日粮对公羔的日增重有显著影响,但对母羊的日增重无显著影响(P>0.05)。用配方Ⅱ和Ⅲ日粮饲喂的湖羊公羔,日增重极显著高于配方Ⅰ(P<0.01)。三种配方日粮饲喂羔羊,料肉比分别为2.15∶1、1.99∶1和2.09∶1;投入产出比分别为1∶1.54、1∶1.62、1∶1.55。这些结果表明,配方Ⅱ日粮(能量14.18MJ/Kg,粗蛋白16.53%)饲喂育肥湖羊的效果最佳;而配方Ⅰ日粮(能量13.41MJ/Kg,粗蛋白17.89%)和配方Ⅲ日粮(能量14.13MJ/Kg,粗蛋白17.87%)的效果次之。     

猪日粮中酵母硒应用的研究进展

酵母硒是饲料中优质的有机硒源,较无机硒具有更高的吸收率与生物安全性,可提高猪的生长、成活率和繁殖性能,而且可提高肉品质和营养价值。作者综述了酵母硒在猪日粮中的应用研究进展。     

Effects of Momordica grosvenori Saponins on Type 2 Diabetes Rats Induced by High-sucrose/High-fat Diet and Streptozotocin

The purpose of the experiment was to study the effect of Momordica grosvenori saponins on improving the effect of high-sucrose/high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetes in rats.The type 2 diabetes rat model was established with a high-sucrose and high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin.Successfully modeled rats were given the total saponins of Momordica grosvenori (100,200,400 mg/kg) or metformin (268 mg/kg) by gavage,once a day for 4 weeks.Recording the "three more and one less"index (24 h internal urine output,water intake and feed intake,body weight);Detecting of biochemical indicators,analysis of fasting blood glucose (FBG),serum total cholesterol (TC),triglycerides (TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),insulin (INS),catalase (CAT),superoxide dismutase (SOD),malondialdehyde (MDA),alanine aminotransferase (AST),aspartate aminotransferase (ALT),blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) levels.Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) was used to observe the pathological changes of the pancreas.Compared with the model group,the feed intake,water intake,urine output,blood indicators FBG,INS,MDA,TC,TG,BUN and Cr levels,AST and ALT activities were significantly or extremely significantly decreased in the total saponins of Momordica grosvenori each dose group and metformin group (P<0.05;P<0.01),while CAT,SOD activities and HDL-C level were significantly or extremely significantly increased (P<0.05;P<0.01).In pancreatic tissue,the number of pancreatic cells was increased significantly,and the pathological damage of the pancreas was significantly reduced. Momordica grosvenori saponins and metformin had obvious effects on improving glucose metabolism disorders,and at the same time could significantly reduce insulin resistance,enhance the body’s ability to resist oxidative stress and improve liver and kidney functions.     

小蚕颗粒人工饲料育实用化探讨

本文就小蚕颗粒人工饲料育问题,探讨了颗粒饲料育小蚕质量的评价指标,分析了小蚕人工饲料育的优势及推广应用前景,介绍了近几年小蚕颗粒人工饲料育生产技术应用和示范情况,提出了今后在实用化中需要进一步研发的方向。     

高铜日粮对肉鸡肝细胞线粒体呼吸功能的影响

采用玉米-豆粕型日粮研究铜(源于硫酸铜)对肉鸡肝细胞线粒体呼吸功能的影响.在对照组(Cu 11 mg/kg)基础上设3个高铜组(110 mg/kg、220 mg/kg和330 mg/kg,分别对应为:试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ),试验60 d,在不同时间点(12、24、36、48、60日龄)采集肝脏提取线粒体.随着饲养时间的延长,对照组和试验I组肝脏线粒体呼吸功能有增强的趋势.在48日龄之前,试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肝脏线粒体呼吸功能也有增强的趋势,但幅度较小,48日龄以后,肝脏线粒体呼吸功能呈现下降趋势,特别是60日龄的试验Ⅲ组.高铜日粮能影响肉鸡肝细胞线粒体的呼吸功能,日粮铜浓度为110mg/kg时,能增强线粒体的呼吸功能,但较高的铜浓度日粮则损害线粒体的呼吸功能. 、220 mg/kg和330 mg/kg,分别对应为:试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ),试验60 d,在不同时间点(12、24、36、48、60日龄)采集肝脏提取线粒体.随着饲养时间的延长,对照组和试验I组肝脏线粒体呼吸功能有增强的趋势.在48日龄之前,试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肝脏线粒体呼吸功能也有增强的趋势,但幅度较小,48日龄以后,肝脏线粒体呼吸功能呈现下降趋势,特别是60日龄的试验Ⅲ .高铜日粮能影响肉鸡肝细胞线粒体的呼吸功能,日粮铜浓度为110mg/kg时,能增强线粒体的呼吸功能