饲料中不同水解蛋白对鲈鱼(Lateolabrax japonicus)幼鱼鱼体及组织脂肪含量的影响

本研究通过8周的摄食生长实验来探讨高植物蛋白饲料中添加不同类型的水解蛋白对鲈鱼(Lateolabrax japonicus)幼鱼(初始平均体重为31.99 g)鱼体及组织脂肪含量的影响.实验设4个等氮等能的饲料处理组,对照组含有30％的鱼粉,通过在对照组饲料基础上分别添加水解猪血蛋白、水解豆粕蛋白和水解酵母蛋白替代10％的鱼粉来获得不同类型的实验组饲料,即水解猪血蛋白组、水解豆粕蛋白组和水解酵母蛋白组.养殖实验在近海浮式网箱中进行,每组饲料投喂3个重复的养殖网箱,每个网箱30尾鱼.实验结果显示,高植物蛋白饲料中水解猪血蛋白、水解豆粕蛋白及水解酵母蛋白并没有对鲈鱼幼鱼的鱼体、肝脏、肌肉和内脏的脂肪含量产生显著影响.但与对照组相比,添加水解酵母蛋白的处理组显著降低了鲈鱼幼鱼的血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量(P＜0.05).水解酵母蛋白替代鱼粉显著提高了鲈鱼幼鱼肌肉中C20:1n-9的含量,而水解豆粕蛋白和水解酵母蛋白显著降低了肌肉中C22:5n-3的含量(P＜0.05).与对照组相比,水解酵母蛋白显著降低了血清中C20:5n-3的含量(P＜0.05).在腹部脂肪组织中,与对照组相比,猪血、豆粕及酵母蛋白水解物替代鱼粉极显著提高了饱和脂肪酸、十八碳及十六碳单不饱和脂肪酸、亚油酸及亚麻酸的含量,而极显著降低了C20:1n-9、C20:4n-6、C22:5n-3和C22:6n-3的含量(P＜0.01).本研究表明,高植物蛋白饲料中猪血、豆粕及酵母蛋白水解物替代10％的饲料鱼粉并未有效调节鲈鱼幼鱼鱼体、肝脏、肌肉及内脏的脂肪累积,但水解酵母蛋白在一定程度上改善了血清甘油三酯和胆固醇的代谢.水解蛋白对鲈鱼幼鱼脂肪酸组成的调节因水解蛋白的类型及鱼体组织类型而异.本研究是国内外首次系统研究不同类型水解蛋白对养殖鱼类脂肪累积的调节作用,对该领域相关研究具有重要借鉴和参考意义.     

刺参(Apostichopus japonicus) 9月龄主要经济性状遗传力的估计

本研究基于全同胞组内相关法对9月龄刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)苗种体长、体重、肉刺总数3个性状的遗传力进行了评估.以前期收集、保存的刺参群体为亲本,选取了健康刺参29头,采用不平衡巢式设计方法及人工刺激采卵授精方法,按照1雌配2-5雄的原则,构建了6个母系半同胞家系及23个父系全同胞家系,至9月龄时,分别抽取每个家系30-50个后代测定相应个体的体长、体重及肉刺总数,应用数量遗传学分析和全同胞组内相关法估计刺参9月龄体长、体重和肉刺总数共3个生长性状的遗传力.结果显示,9月龄刺参体长雌性组分遗传力的估计值为0.87,雄性组分遗传力估计值为0.85,全同胞组分遗传力估计值为0.86;刺参体重雌性组分遗传力估计值为0.20,雄性组分遗传力估计值为0.73,全同胞组分遗传力估计值为0.46;肉刺总数雌性组分遗传力估计值为0.43,雄性组分遗传力估计值为0.32,全同胞组分遗传力估计值为0.37.t检验表明,体长、体重的雄性组分遗传力达到显著水平(P＜0.05),全同胞组分遗传力均达到极显著水平(P＜0.01),肉刺总数的遗传力均未达到显著水平.     

刺参冻干加工技术研究

研究了刺参的冻干加工技术。结果表明,采用三种方法加工三组(500g／组)活刺参,成品中蛋白质分别为：盐渍干参33．64g,含量17．71％;活性刺参46、20g,含量83．24％;免发刺参41、14g,含量82、28％;合理运用冻干技术不但能有效保全刺参的活性、营养成分,而且食用便利、外形美观。     

基于贝叶斯方法的东、黄海鲐资源评估及管理策略风险分析

运用基于贝叶斯的剩余产量模型,对东、黄海鲐资源进行评估,确定了当前鲐资源开发利用状态,估算了在不同收获率水平下未来5年鲐资源量和年总可捕捞量,分析了管理策略实施后鲐资源崩溃的风险。结果表明,2006年东、黄海鲐正遭受过度捕捞,但其资源量并未处于过度捕捞状态。决策分析表明,收获率为0.3是最适预防性的管理策略,在该策略下,鲐平均资源量将从2006年的451千吨将增加到2011年的871千吨,2011年资源量恢复到BMSY的概率为0.48,而过度捕捞的概率为0。     

刺参池塘养殖系统中发酵饲料的制作与投喂

将海带粉、扇贝边粉、豆粕、虾粉、马尾藻粉按照40∶18∶20∶7∶15的配比混合,经浸泡、研磨等预处理后,加入0.25%～0.5%的水产诱食酵母,发酵72h。SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳结果显示,经过发酵处理后,饲料中的大分子蛋白发生降解。按照刺参体重3%的投喂量进行为期50d的投喂实验,结果表明,发酵饲料组刺参的生长明显优于普通饲料组(未发酵饲料),可见发酵饲料能够更好地满足刺参健康、快速生长的需要,具有良好的市场潜力。     

Requirement of vitamin E of growing sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus Selenka

This feeding trial was conducted to determine the vitamin E requirement of growing sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus Selenka. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets were formulated to contain graded levels of vitamin E (6.7, 81.2, 159.3, 237.8, 314.6, 395.9 mg/kg diet). Each diet was assigned randomly to 30 growing sea cucumber with initial body weight 15.43 g in triplicates for 8 weeks. Survival rate was not affected by dietary vitamin E; meanwhile, both the weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate were presented the trend of increasing first and then kept stable. With the increasing of dietary vitamin E, crude lipid content of body wall was evaluated firstly and dropped afterwards. When dietary vitamin E contents were lower than 159.3 mg/kg, vitamin E contents of body wall were increased by dietary vitamin E levels, but there were no more differences when dietary vitamin E higher than 159.3 mg/kg. There were minor effects on digestive enzymes of intestine by dietary vitamin E. Contents of malondialdehyde were decreased, while the total superoxide dismutase activity was increased first and then decreased with the increasing of dietary vitamin E. Activities of intestinal alkaline phosphatase were increased, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase were decreased first and then increased with the increasing of dietary vitamin E. In conclusion, analysis by a linear regression equation of WG or vitamin E contents in body wall indicated that the optimum requirement of vitamin E for growing sea cucumber (initial body weight 15.43 g) was 165.2–187.2 mg/kg diet.     

配合饲料中添加玉米DDGS对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)生长、体组成及免疫指标的影响

在基础饲料中分别添加0、10％、20％、30％、40％的玉米干酒精糟及其可溶物(Dried distiller's grains with solubles,DDGS),配制成5种等氮等能的实验饲料(DDGS0、DDGS10、DDGS20、DDGS30 和DDGS40),饲喂初始体重为(9.69±0.28)g的刺参56 d,研究玉米DDGS作为替代蛋白源对其生长、体成分及免疫指标的影响.结果显示,随着玉米DDGS添加水平的升高,刺参增重率和特定生长率略有下降,但各组间差异不显著(P＞0.05).各实验组刺参体壁指数、肠道指数、肠长比以及体壁水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量均不受玉米DDGS添加的影响(P＞0.05).体腔液中溶菌酶的活性呈先上升后稳定的趋势,其中,DDGS20和DDGS40组显著高于DDGS0和DDGS 10组(P＜0.05),DDGS30组与其他各组无显著差异(P＞0.05).酸性磷酸酶的活性呈先上升后下降的趋势,在DDGS20组达到最大值,其中,DDGS20组显著高于其他各组(P＜0.05),DDGS40组显著高于DDGS0组(P＜0.05),其他各组间无显著差异(P＞0.05).酚氧化酶的活性随着DDGS添加量的增加呈上升趋势,各添加组均显著高于DDGS0组(P＜0.05),DDGS40组显著高于DDGS 10组(P＜0.05),其他各组间无显著差异(P＞0.05).饲料中添加玉米DDGS对体腔液中碱性磷酸酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活性无显著影响(P＞0.05).本研究表明,饲料中添加0-40％的玉米DDGS均不影响刺参的生长和体壁成分,且添加20％-40％的玉米DDGS能提高刺参体腔液中免疫酶的活性.     

Nitrogen and phosphorus budget of a Haliotis discus hannai and Apostichopus japonicus polyculture system

The system nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) budget, N/P utilization rate and the physiological response mechanism of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai (body weight: 12.87 ± 0.82 g) and the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (body weight: 10.85 ± 1.16 g) to different co‐culture environment conditions were examined. Animals were kept in a multilayer, cubic recirculating aquaculture system at different polyculture densities (abalones at 400 ind/m²in monoculture [Group C] and abalones at 400 ind/m²with sea cucumbers at 10 ind/m² [AS1] or 20 ind/m² [AS2]). Each treatment was replicated four times, and the experimental cycle was 90 days. No significant difference in survival rate of abalones was detected when the stocking density of sea cucumbers increased from 10 to 20 ind/m², but the concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the water were significantly higher in AS2 than in AS1. Survival rate, specific growth rate (SGR) of body weight of sea cucumbers and SGR of body weight of abalones were significantly lower in AS2 than in AS1. No significant difference in protease (PES), lipase, amylase and cellulase activities of abalones was identified between Group C and AS1, but the PES and amylase activities of abalones and sea cucumbers in AS1 were significantly higher than those in AS2. In AS1, the N/P output from harvesting of abalones and sea cucumbers and the N/P utilization rates were significantly higher than those in AS2. Although the N/P output from faeces was significantly lower in AS2 than in Group C and AS1, the N/P output from the water layer was significantly higher than that in AS1. The expression levels of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn‐SOD) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) of both abalones and sea cucumbers in AS2 were significantly higher than those in AS1. No significant difference in expression of catalase (CAT) and HSP90of abalones was identified among these groups, but the expression levels of CAT and HSP90of sea cucumbers in AS2 were significantly higher than those in AS1. These results indicate that stocking sea cucumbers at 10 ind/m² in the polyculture system will relieve the organic load on the system and improve the N/P utilization rate. It will also increase aquaculture production and improve the ecological and economic benefits of the system.     

海珍品人工增殖礁模型对刺参聚集效果影响的研究

针对目前海珍品增殖的需要,进行了刺参人工鱼礁增殖实验研究。实验共分为3部分进行,即无模型礁与有模型礁的对照实验、同种材料5种形状模型礁以及两种不同材料的三角形孔洞长方体礁对比实验。实验结果表明,各种形状的模型礁投入到养殖实验池中后对刺参的平均聚集率与不投放模型礁相比差异极显著;同为水泥制的5种模型礁投入后,圆管形模型礁对刺参的平均聚集率最高,与其他4种模型礁相比差异显著;两种不同材料的三角孔模型礁投入后对刺参的平均聚集率差异不显著,水泥制模型礁高于大理石制;利用石块投石造礁对刺参也具有一定的聚集效果。