用流式细胞术研究二氢吡啶对刺参体腔细胞免疫功能的影响

给刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)幼参投喂含二氢吡啶(Diludin)的饲料3、6、9、12、18和24 d后,采用流式细胞术测定其体腔细胞的吞噬率和死亡率.结果显示.试验组体腔细胞的吞噬率在6 d后显著升高.死亡率除24d外一直显著高于对照组.但随着时间的延长呈降低趋势.这表明投喂含二氢吡啶的饲料能增强刺参幼参体腔细胞的免疫力.     

丝绵木高接换头嫁接北海道黄杨技术

介绍了多年生大径丝绵木高接换头嫁接北海道黄杨技术,采用蜡封接穗,接穗采用发育枝中段或基段,失水率不超过6.5%,接口用塑料薄膜绑紧,正常年份可使嫁接成活率达90%以上。     

日本囊对虾野生群体杂合性的研究

运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术研究了日本囊对虾9个野生群体10种等位酶的杂合子缺失及过量状况．在所研究的22个位点中有5个位点（Sod-1、Est-1、Est-2、Amy-3、Mdh-1）是多态位点．汕头群体的Est-2,北海群体的Mdh-1和Sod-1,湄洲群体的Mdh-1,连江群体的Sod-1和漳浦群体的Mdh-1位点符合H—W平衡标准（P〉0．05）;其余的多态位点均显著或极其显著地偏离H—W平衡标准（0．01〈P〈0．05或P〈0．01）．另外,日本囊对虾9个群体的Est-2位点均表现出杂合子缺失（F〉0）;Amy-3和Est-1（除了泉州群体的Est-1）位点均表现出杂合子过量（F〈0）．研究表明日本囊对虾野生资源杂合性状况较好．     

仿刺参体腔细胞原代培养方法初探

以仿刺参Apostichopus japonicus体腔细胞为材料,分别用体腔液和MEM、L-15两种培养基进行原代培养,初步探讨了仿刺参体腔细胞培养的基本条件。结果表明：在18℃下封闭培养,体腔细胞在体腔液中直接培养能够贴壁、伸展,细胞呈球形和上皮样,但凝集现象严重;在合成培养基（MEM、L-15）中,体腔细胞凝集明显减少;与MEM培养基相比,体腔细胞在L-15培养基中贴壁时间长,伸展状态好,上皮样细胞较多,可培养至72h;培养基中血清的添加量与细胞的培养状态和可培养时间关系不明显。     

刺参养殖池塘不同粒级浮游生物呼吸率和初级生产率的研究

于2008年1—6月对大连壹桥海洋苗业股份有限公司4个刺参Apostichopus japonicus养殖池塘不同粒级浮游生物的呼吸率和初级生产率进行了测定。结果表明:(1)小型、微型及超微型浮游生物的呼吸率平均值分别为0.31、0.63、0.80 mg/(L.d)(以O2计,下同),分别占各粒级浮游生物总呼吸率的17.88%、36.10%和46.02%;小型、微型及超微型浮游植物生产率平均值分别为0.27、0.59、0.64mg/(L.d),占各粒级浮游植物总生产率的18.18%、38.98%和42.84%;小型、微型及超微型浮游生物呼吸率占相应粒级浮游植物生产率的比例分别为113.90%、107.24%、124.39%。(2)>200μm、20~200μm、2~20μm和<2μm的4个粒级浮游植物叶绿素a含量的平均值分别为0.75、0.65、3.08、1.26μg/L,分别占总叶绿素a含量的13.15%、11.30%、53.63%和21.92%。     

多效唑对绿篱植物大叶黄杨的矮化效果及经济效益分析

[目的]为绿篱植物大叶黄杨探索节约型的化学修剪新途径。[方法]研究不同浓度多效唑对大叶黄杨的矮化效果和经济效益的影响。[结果]单一大叶黄杨绿篱以浓度为6667mg／kg多效唑、用药量500ml／m^2、喷施3次的处理最佳;使用该技术全年节约成本约4．6元／m^2。[结论]绿篱植物大叶黄杨喷施一定剂量多效唑可以代替人工修剪,经济效益和景观效益显著。     

仿刺参纵肌带再生的形态学和组织学

采用人工创伤的方法剪断仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)体腔背部的纵肌带, 然后缝合切口处的体壁, 将其在添加抗生素(100 IU/mL的青霉素和100 μg/mL的链霉素)的海水中继续饲养。通过形态学和组织学方法对仿刺参纵肌带再生过程中的结构变化进行了观察。形态学结果显示, 创伤后0 h, 由于纵肌带的收缩, 断端出现0.5~1 cm的间隙; 创伤15 d, 创伤处出现乳白色絮状组织, 暂命名为肌前组织; 创伤30~45 d时, 肌前组织逐渐增厚并将断端肌肉组织连接起来; 创伤60~90 d, 肌前组织已转化成纵肌带, 并且其厚度增至正常纵肌带的1/2; 创伤后110~130 d, 新生纵肌带进一步增粗, 形态上与未创伤处组织没有区别, 只是直径略小一些; 创伤150 d, 再生的纵肌带厚度同正常状态。组织学结果显示, 创伤后15 d, 在损伤处出现结缔组织及单个的肌纤维, 形成一条不规则的细长条带, 即肌前组织; 创伤后30~45 d, 肌前组织中肌细胞数量大量增加, 并与体壁间形成一些“桥状”连接; 创伤后60~90 d, 肌前组织几乎被肌纤维占据, 且“桥状”连接数量增加, 此时肌前组织已转化为肌肉带(纵肌带); 创伤后110~130 d, 新生肌纤维数量大量增加, 和体壁相连的“桥状”连接数量减少, 创伤150 d, 新生的纵肌带基本达到正常的结构, 且“桥状”连接消失。分析认为仿刺参纵肌带具有较强的再生能力, 且新生的肌细胞来源于体壁结缔组织细胞和体腔上皮细胞。

     

Efficacy of a Fructus mume Extract Combination with Stable Chlorine in Preventing Bacterial Contamination in Frozen Mackerel (Scomber japonicus) Fillets

ABSTRACT

A combination composed of Fructus mume extract and stable chlorine dioxide was investigated for its antibacterial activity, mechanism of action, and its application against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in mackerel (Scomber japonicus) fillets. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values against E. coli and S. aureus ranged from 0.9–1.2 and 1.3–1.6 mg/mL for F. mume extract and 0.004–0.006 and 0.007–0.010 mg/mL for stable chlorine dioxide, respectively. We observed a mechanism of action against E. coli that involved a pore-formation role that led to cell membrane damage. In the case of S. aureus, the mechanism of action is believed to be mediated by the combination’s activity as a metabolite disrupting agent. Here, the amount of bacteria was greatly reduced in mackerel fillets treated with the combination. Moreover, the flavor and texture properties of fillets were not significantly affected by this treatment (p < 0.05). These findings suggested that the combination has promise in being used as an additive to a broader class of foodstuffs.     

Effects of differently processed diets on growth,immunity and water quality of the sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka, 1867)

The type of formulated diet used in aquaculture systems affects the feed efficiency and water quality. In this study, the water quality, growth performance and immunity of the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka, 1867), fed diets produced using four different processing methods (extruded pellet diet, cold‐bonded pellet diet, flake diet and mash diet) were quantified for 60 days to identify the optimal feed type for culturing of this species. Sea cucumbers grew faster, the feed conversion ratio was much lower, and immunity indicators were higher when fed the extruded pellet diet compared to the other diets. Sea cucumbers fed the extruded pellet diet had the highest specific growth rate (0.96), whereas A. japonicus fed the cold‐bonded pellet diet had the lowest specific growth rate (0.51). The lysozyme activity of sea cucumbers fed the extruded pellet diet was higher (57.52) than that of A. japonicus fed the cold‐bonded pellet diet (39.22), flake diet (37.32) and mash diet (32.68). When animals were fed the mash diet, the ammonia–nitrogen, nitrite–nitrogen and phosphate productions were higher than in animals fed the other diets. These results indicate that the extruded pellet diet is the optimum feed type for use in the culture of A. japonicus.     

复方中草药对仿刺参免疫力和抗病力的影响

将以黄芪、党参为主药并加入另外5味中草药所配伍的复方中草药粉碎制剂,以质量分数分别为0%（对照组）、0.5%、1.5%和2.5%的剂量添加于基础饲料中,连续投喂仿刺参Apostichopus japonicus37d,在试验开始后第1、2、3、4周采样,测定仿刺参的肠、触手、体壁、肌肉和体腔液中的抗菌活力及体腔细胞的吞噬活性;于试验开始后第4周,用仿刺参＂化皮病＂病原菌黄海希瓦氏菌Shewanella marisflavi以3.7×108个/mL的浓度在每头仿刺参背部注射0.1 mL的菌悬液,每天观察记录死亡个体症状,统计死亡率,计算相对保护率（共观察记录7 d）。结果显示：各组的抗菌活力均随着用药时间的延长、用药浓度的加大而升高,总体趋势表现为2.5%添加组〉1.5%添加组〉0.5%添加组〉对照组;各用药组仿刺参的体腔细胞吞噬能力均随着用药时间的延长呈现先升高后降低的趋势,第2、3周达峰值,总体趋势表现为1.5%添加组〉2.5%添加组〉0.5%添加组〉对照组;攻毒试验结果显示,对照组仿刺参3 d后全部死亡,第7天各用药组相对保护率依次为1.5%添加组〉0.5%添加组〉2.5%添加组,分别为30.0%、20.0%和10.0%。由此表明,该复方中草药可以显著提高仿刺参的免疫力和抗病力,以1.5%添加剂量组的效果最佳。