毒死蜱和甲氰菊酯对蜜蜂毒性与安全评价研究

通过接触法和摄入法测定了毒死蜱和甲氰菊酯对蜜蜂的毒性。结果表明，毒死蜱和甲氰菊酯对蜜蜂的接触毒性(24h LD50)分别为0．1634μg／蜂和0．0501μg／蜂，胃毒毒性(24h LE50)分别为0．6406mg／L和7．8261mg／L。根据Atkins毒性等级划分标准，毒死蜱和甲氰菊酯对蜜蜂的毒性均为高毒，应禁止在蜜蜂活动区域使用。     

必需微量元素碘对家兔的营养作用

影响家兔生产的因素很多,如品种、饲料营养、饲养管理、疾病防治等,其中饲料营养是影响家兔生产的最重要的物质基础。科学合理地利用饲料。是提高家兔生产效益的根本保证。碘是动物生长发育和生产过程中所必需的微量元素,虽然需要量很小,但对机体的作用是巨大的。其主要功能是参与甲状腺激素的合成,并通过甲状腺激素发挥多方面的生理作用。家兔缺碘时,会导致生长发育受阻,毛皮质量下降,新陈代谢紊乱等症状,从而影响动物生产性能。家兔摄碘过多会发生中毒症,影响生长发育。为了更好地在家兔生产上发挥碘对动物的营养作用,笔者就微量元素碘对家兔的营养作用进行了综述。     

北纬43°地区日光暖棚牛舍的设计及其环境评价

根据不同季节的太阳高度角随地理纬度变化这一原理,确定牛舍塑料暖棚面与地面的最佳夹角,使冬季大寒(最冷)这天正午时分,太阳辐射的入射角与塑料棚面垂直,以其充分利用太阳的辐射热能,提高牛舍内的温度。通过对地处北纬43°地区通辽市科尔沁区余粮堡镇吴金宝村设计的日光暖棚牛舍的温热环境和舍内空气质量的测定表明:大寒这天舍外气温-20￣-8℃下,牛舍内的温度平均5.25℃,有害气体浓度均低于中华人民共和国国家标准,达到了防寒抗灾的目的。     

20份无芒雀麦种质材料苗期抗旱性综合评价及光合特性分析

在温室条件下,采用反复干旱法,对引进的20份无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis Leyss.)种质材料,以存活率、株高、绿叶数、地上生物量、地下生物量和根冠比6个指标的抗旱系数值,采用聚类分析法、标准差系数赋予权重法进行综合评价。结果表明:20份无芒雀麦苗期抗旱性划分成3个级别,其中抗旱性较强的有9份材料,抗旱性较弱有6份材料,抗旱性居中的有5份材料。20份无芒雀麦种质材料苗期抗旱性排序结果为ZXY06P-1621抗旱性最强,ZXY05P-1171最弱。不同抗旱级别种质材料的光合特性表现为:随着持续干旱胁迫延续,其光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)和气孔导度(G_s)均呈下降趋势,复水后迅速上升;而CO₂浓度的变化趋势则呈相反变化趋势,且在整个胁迫过程中变化差异不显著。干旱胁迫下抗旱性强的材料能够保持较高的光合性能。     

美洲黑杨基因资源收存及其遗传评价的研究

从１７个国家引进３３１个黑杨派无性系（其中５２个美洲黑杨无性系）,在山东省长清县营建我国第一个黑杨派无性系基因库。连续１０年对基因库内美洲黑杨无性系进行了多性状系统研究,结果表明各无性系间在物候期、生长、生根、抗寒和抗病虫等方面均存在着显著的差异,遗传变异丰富;系间的主要性状与无性系起源纬度及各性状间存在一定相关性。主要材料性状变异的研究结果表明,３８个８年生美洲黑杨无性系在木材基本密度、纤维长度无性系间变异达到极显著水平;木材密度和纤维长度与树高和胸径呈一定相关性;木材密度和纤维长度这两个性状在遗传上相互独立,受不同遗传机制控制。利用分子遗传标记ＲＡＰＤ技术研究库内美洲黑杨无性系ＤＮＡ多态性,结果表明本库美洲黑杨ＤＮＡ多态率为８６％,再次证明本库美洲黑杨遗传多样性高,可为我国杨树改良提供丰富的育种材料。     

Temporal trends in reproductive performance in Irish dairy herds and associated risk factors

: Irish dairy herd fertility has been declining since the 1980s. The extent, nature and causes of this decline in fertility and the current status of Irish dairy herd fertility were described. An increase in calving interval of approximately one day per year has been recorded. The principal components of this trend have been an increased incidence of postpartum endocrinopathies, reduced expression of oestrus and a fall in conception rate. Both submission rate and calving-to-service interval have increased slightly over time. Significant risk factors associated with these trends have been strain substitution within the Holstein-Friesian breed and single trait selection for milk production. Critically, these changes have been reflected in loss of body condition. Contributory factors included increased herd size and possibly increased use of DIYAI. The most recent Irish study showed that 48% of cows conceived to first service and 14% of cows were not pregnant at the end of the industry-average 15-week spring breeding season. However, the top quartile of herds achieved a first-service conception rate of 59%, illustrating the wide variation between herds. These phenotypic trends were attributed to both genetic and environmental factors and their interactions. Recent Irish dairy herd fertility performance falls short of the targets set for seasonal compact calving.     

Field evaluation of insect-resistant transgenic Populus nigra trees

The performance of insect-resistant transgenic poplar trees (Populusnigra) expressing a Cry1Ac gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki HD-1 against poplar defoliators was evaluated in the field at the Manas Forest Station in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region during1994–1997. The results showed that the average percentage of highly damaged leaves on the transgenic trees was 10% while that on the control trees in nearby plantations reached 80–90%. The average number of pupae per m² of soil at 20cm depth in transgenic poplar plantation was 18 which was only 20% of that found in the non-transgenic control field. The number of pupae and the leaf-damage on transgenic trees described above are all far below the threshold set for chemical protection measures. The non-transformed poplar trees grown in the same plantation with the transgenic trees were also protected indicating that cross protection occurred between these two kinds of trees. Insect-resistant transgenic poplar trees have a potential application value in afforestation. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

集对分析法在区域雨水资源开发利用潜力综合评价中的应用

探讨了区域雨水资源开发利用潜力的综合评价方法,并将集对分析理论应用于该研究,建立了区域雨水资源开发利用潜力综合评价模型。实例分析表明,该方法用于评价区域雨水资源开发利用潜力,方法简单,评价结果符合实际情况。     

CPPU在西瓜上的应用研究进展

CPPU是一种人工合成的细胞分裂素类物质,具有促进果实膨大和提高坐果率等功能,在园艺作物上有着广泛的应用。本文介绍了CPPU的推广历程,总结了CPPU在促进西瓜坐果和诱导单性结实、解决三倍体无籽西瓜授粉问题及CPPU对西瓜品质的影响等方面的研究进展,分析了其残留的安全性,最后提出了加强植物生长调节剂的生产管理和加快蜜蜂授粉技术研发的建议,以期增强公众对CPPU的科学认识,促进CPPU在西瓜生产中的正确使用。