裸盖鱼(Anoplopoma fimbria)肌肉的营养成分分析及评价

采用生化方法对裸盖鱼肌肉的营养成分进行了分析,并对其营养品质进行了评价.结果显示,裸盖鱼水分含量为69.92%,粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分和总糖含量分别占肌肉湿重16.48%、10.64%、1.69%和1.27%.裸盖鱼肌肉(干样)中含有17种氨基酸,总量为43.81%,其中必需氨基酸与总氨基酸的比值(WEAA/WTAA)为40.68%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值(WEAA/WNEAA)为81.74%,符合FAO/WHO 的理想模式;肌肉氨基酸的支/芳值(BCAA/AAA)为 2.51,接近人体的正常水平;鲜味氨基酸总量(FAA)为 16.94%,占氨基酸总量的 38.67%,高于我国北方主要海水养殖品种;第一限制性氨基酸为胱氨酸+蛋氨酸,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为76.35,属于氨基酸较为平衡的鱼类.裸盖鱼肌肉不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸的比值(UFA/SFA)为 2.81,脂肪质量较高.此外裸盖鱼肌肉营养元素丰富,P和Zn含量较高,并富含VA、VB6和VB3.分析认为,裸盖鱼肌肉呈味氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸、矿物质、维生素含量丰富,味道鲜美,具有较高的营养价值和保健作用.     

Oceanographic drivers of sablefish recruitment in the California Current

Oceanographic processes and ecological interactions can strongly influence recruitment success in marine fishes. Here, we develop an environmental index of sablefish recruitment with the goal of elucidating recruitment‐environment relationships and informing stock assessment. We start with a conceptual life‐history model for sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria on the US west coast to generate stage‐ and spatio‐temporally‐specific hypotheses regarding the oceanographic and biological variables likely influencing sablefish recruitment. Our model includes seven stages from pre‐spawn female condition through benthic recruitment (age‐0 fish) for the northern portion of the west coast U.S. sablefish stock (40°N–50°N). We then fit linear models and use model comparison to select predictors. We use residuals from the stock‐recruitment relationship in the 2015 sablefish assessment as the dependent variable (thus removing the effect of spawning stock biomass). Predictor variables were drawn primarily from ROMS model outputs for the California Current Ecosystem. We also include indices of prey and predator abundance and freshwater input. Five variables explained 57% of the variation in recruitment not accounted for by the stock‐recruitment relationship in the sablefish assessment. Recruitment deviations were positively correlated with (i) colder conditions during the spawner preconditioning period, (ii) warmer water temperatures during the egg stage, (iii) stronger cross‐shelf transport to near‐shore nursery habitats during the egg stage, (iv) stronger long‐shore transport to the north during the yolk‐sac stage, and (v) cold surface water temperatures during the larval stage. This result suggests that multiple mechanisms likely affect sablefish recruitment at different points in their life history.     

Porphyromonas gulae 41-kDa fimbriae induced osteoclast differentiation and cytokine production

Porphyromonas gulae is considered to be associated with canine periodontitis. We have previously reported that the P. gulae American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 51700 comprised 41-kDa fimbriae. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the roles of 41-kDa fimbrial protein in periodontal disease. In this study, we examined the involvement of the 41-kDa fimbrial protein in osteoclast differentiation and cytokine production in murine macrophages. Furthermore, alveolar bone resorption induced by P. gulae infection in rats was evaluated. To estimate osteoclast differentiation, bone marrow cells and MC3T3-G2/PA6 cells were cultured with or without the 41-kDa fimbrial protein for 7 days. BALB/c mouse peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with the 41-kDa fimbrial protein, and the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Osteoclast differentiation was significantly enhanced by treatment with the 41-kDa fimbrial protein in a dose-dependent manner. The total area of pits formed on the dentine slices with osteoclasts incubated with the 41-kDa fimbrial protein was significantly greater than that of the control. The purified 41-kDa fimbrial protein induced IL-1β and TNF-α production in BALB/c mouse peritoneal macrophages after 6 hr of incubation in a dose-dependent manner. The bone loss level in rats infected with P. gulae was significantly higher than that of the sham-infected rats. These results suggest that P. gulae 41-kDa fimbriae play important roles in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.     

Evaluation of cold‐pressed flaxseed oil as an alternative dietary lipid source for juvenile sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria)

This study was undertaken to determine the suitability of using cold‐pressed flaxseed oil (FO) as a major source of lipid in place of anchovy oil (AO) in the diet of juvenile sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), a relatively new marine species to aquaculture. Sablefish were fed one of four diets twice daily to satiation for 15 weeks. The test diets were identical in composition, except for the source of supplemental lipid which was either 100% AO (100AO), or increasing replacement of AO with FO i.e., 75AO:25FO, 50AO:50 FO or 25AO:75FO. Sablefish growth parameters, whole body and fillet proximate constituent concentrations and apparent digestibility coefficients were uninfluenced by diet treatment. There were also no adverse effects of the diet treatments on fish health, as determined from analysis of various haematological and innate immunological parameters. Terminal fillet fatty acid compositions generally reflected the dietary fatty acid compositions, while flesh contaminant concentration decreased with increasing dietary flaxseed oil content. Results indicated that FO may comprise up to 75% of the supplemental lipid in a grower diet for sablefish, while still providing humans with a rich dietary source of highly unsaturated fatty acids.     

裸盖鱼幼鱼工厂化养殖试验

采用实验生态学的方法对裸盖鱼(Anoplopoma fimbria)幼鱼进行工厂化养殖试验,以了解和分析其生长特征。在地下海水温度(10.42±0.45)~(13.65±1.22)℃的条件下,经过210 d的养殖试验,裸盖鱼幼鱼由初始平均体重(33.27±5.82)g增长到(805.20±113.79)g,平均增重量最大值为(193.42±29.23)g/月,平均日增重量(3.68±0.61)g/d,最大日增重量(6.45±0.97)g/d。裸盖鱼幼鱼体长与体重呈幂函数关系,回归方程式为:W=0.017 4 L2.943 6(R2=0.973 1)。水温对裸盖鱼幼鱼的增重、存活率及饵料系数均有影响,结果显示,最适养殖水温为(11.32±0.75)~(12.68±0.92)℃,与1龄以上裸盖鱼的最适水温基本一致,在该水温范围内,裸盖鱼幼鱼生长迅速,饵料系数相对较低,存活率较高。研究表明,裸盖鱼喜低温,生长速度快,养殖效益显著,是极具开发前景的冷水性养殖鱼类。