盐胁迫对两种绿化树种生长的影响

为探讨盐胁迫下绿化树种的生长规律和育苗技术,研究了不同浓度盐胁迫对绿化树种水蜡和金叶女贞生长的影响。结果表明:随着盐胁迫浓度的增加,两树种地径、苗高、新梢粗、新梢长和叶面积增加量逐渐减小,金叶女贞的耐盐性略强于水蜡,金叶女贞和水蜡相对适应生长的盐浓度均低于0.3%。     

盐胁迫对野生樱桃幼苗生长的影响及其耐盐性分析

为了扩大樱桃的栽培区域、在沿海大城市周边轻度盐碱地上栽培,试验以野生樱桃砧木实生苗四川樱桃、黑山樱、大青叶为试验材料,通过不同浓度的盐胁迫处理（0、0.2%、0.4%、0.6% NaCl）和植株的各项生长指标测定（株高、茎粗、叶片数和叶面积）,比较了野生樱桃的耐盐性。结果显示：在盐胁迫下,大青叶樱桃相对株高、茎粗、叶片数、叶面积的平均值均最大,黑山樱除相对茎粗平均值外,其余3项生长指标均高于四川樱桃。隶属函数综合分析显示,3种野生樱桃幼苗生长期的耐盐性为：大青叶>黑山樱 >四川樱桃。     

黑河自然保护区沼泽湿地土壤化学性质的空间分布特征研究

通过对张掖黑河湿地国家级自然保护区沼泽湿地野外调查、土样采集、实验室分析,利用空间分布格局代替时间演替序列,应用描述性统计及线性回归和相关性的分析方法,对该湿地的速效养分、有机质和土壤全盐含量及pH进行了研究。结果表明, 土壤有机质(SOM)含量随着土层深度的增加而显著增加;速效氮(AN)含量垂直分异明显且整体趋势先减少后急剧增加;土壤中速效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)、全盐含量空间分布存在表聚现象,上高下低的分布格局明显;pH值含量空间分布差异不大但该地区土壤呈碱性和强碱性。pH和SOM存在弱负相关性,pH通过抑制植被的生长来间接影响SOM含量;全盐含量和AK含量具有强烈的乘幂和正线性相关性。全盐、SOM、AN、AP、AK含量均属于中等变异,pH为弱变异。黑河保护区湿地生态系统正处于退化阶段,脆弱性和敏感性使该保护区在干旱半干旱区涵养水源、保持水土的重要性减弱,建立当地自然条件特征基础上长期持续的试验研究,保护与恢复措施迫在眉睫。     

温度及盐胁迫对7个野生观赏草种子萌发特性的影响

以甘肃地区采集的7个野生观赏草种子为试验材料,设6个恒温及7个不同浓度NaCl溶液处理,研究了温度及盐胁迫对其种子萌发特性的影响,以期为野生观赏草引种驯化和繁殖提供依据。结果表明:10~35℃恒温范围内,7个材料种子最适发芽温度为发草(天祝)、发草(渭源)和芨芨草(武威)为25℃,狼尾草(宁县)、芨芨草(兰州)和书带苔草(渭源)为20~25℃,云雾苔草(渭源)为20~30℃。NaCl溶液浓度在0~1.1%内,7个野生观赏草种子萌发的发芽率、发芽指数、发芽势、胚芽和根长、鲜苗重均随NaCl浓度的增加而下降。在0.7%NaCl重度胁迫下,7个野生观赏草种子的发芽率、发芽指数、发芽势、胚芽和根长、鲜苗重6个指标显著低于对照(P0.05)。NaCl溶液浓度为0.9%时除狼尾草(宁县)和发草(天祝)种子可以萌发外,其余材料种子未萌发。用发芽率、发芽指数、胚芽和胚根长、幼苗鲜重6个指标的相对值作为7个野生观赏草种子萌发期耐盐性综合评价值,7个野生观赏草种子萌发期耐盐性强弱依次为:狼尾草(宁县)发草(渭源)发草(天祝)芨芨草(武威)芨芨草(兰州)书带苔草(渭源)云雾苔草(渭源)。     

无机盐溶液引发对紫花苜蓿种子活力及幼苗抗逆性的影响

以紫花苜蓿种子为材料,3种无机盐溶液KNO3、CaCl2、K2HPO4为引发剂,浓度为2%、4%,进行引发处理,研究不同无机盐溶液引发对紫花苜蓿种子活力及幼苗抗逆性的影响,结果表明,适宜的无机盐溶液引发处理能明显提高紫花苜蓿种子活力及幼苗抗逆性,显著提高幼苗SOD、POD、CAT的活性和叶绿素含量,显著降低幼苗丙二醛含量。其中,2%KNO312 h;2%CaCl224 h;2%K2HPO412 h 3种引发处理的效果最为明显。     

两个宁夏枸杞品种的耐渗透胁迫和耐盐特征比较

以宁夏枸杞(Lycium barbarum)中的两个品种扁果枸杞和宁杞0702为材料,对比二者在渗透胁迫、盐处理以及渗透胁迫和盐处理互作条件下的生长特征、叶组织含水量以及各器官Na~+、K~+积累量分析。结果表明,与对照相比,-0.5 MPa渗透胁迫下,扁果枸杞和宁杞0702的生长均受到抑制,其鲜重分别降低了34%和38%,根长分别降低了32%和17%;与对照相比,50mmol·L~(-1) NaCl使扁果枸杞幼苗的鲜重显著增加了38%(P0.05),干重、株高和根长均不受影响,但宁杞0702幼苗鲜重、干重、株高和根长分别显著降低了27%、34%、44%和14%(P0.05);渗透胁迫~+盐处理下,扁果枸杞幼苗与对照组差异不显著(P0.05),而宁杞0702幼苗的鲜重、干重、株高和根长分别显著降低了37%、28%、44%和13%。与对照相比,渗透胁迫下,扁果枸杞叶组织含水量维持稳定,而宁杞0702显著降低了12%(P0.05);在盐处理下,扁果枸杞和宁杞0702叶组织含水量分别显著增加了25%和18%(P0.05),在渗透胁迫~+盐处理下二者均维持稳定。在扁果枸杞中,鲜重和叶组织含水量与叶、茎中Na~+浓度呈极显著正相关(P0.01),而在宁杞0702中,鲜重仅与叶中的K~+浓度极显著正相关(P0.01),与茎中的Na~+则呈显著负相关(P0.05),叶组织含水量则与各器官中的Na~+、K~+浓度均不相关。与对照相比,扁果枸杞在渗透胁迫和盐处理下ST值分别显著增加了84%和43%(P0.05),而宁杞0702则分别显著降低了63%和47%(P0.05)。上述结果表明,扁果枸杞能通过体内积累适量的Na~+,调控体内Na~+、K~+平衡,改善体内的水分状况,维持其正常的生长,具有盐生植物的特点;宁杞0702则不具备这些特征。     

Hypernatremia secondary to homemade play dough ingestion in dogs: a review of 14 cases from 1998 to 2001

Objective: To correlate the sodium chloride dosage and the serum sodium concentration to clinical signs, to determine if the dosage of homemade play dough (and, therefore, sodium chloride) is the most reliable way to predict clinical signs and prognosis, and to review previously reported treatment options. Design: Retrospective case series. Animals: Fourteen dogs with a history of homemade play dough ingestion. Procedure: Cases were examined for each animal's signalment including body weight, age, approximate amount of play dough ingested, the estimated sodium chloride dosage, clinical signs, serum sodium concentration, and outcome when available. The literature was reviewed to determine pathophysiology and treatment regimens. Results: Twelve of 14 dogs (86%) that ingested homemade play dough showed clinical signs. Vomiting (9 of 14, 64%), polydipsia, and seizures (4 of 14 each, 29%) were the most common signs followed by polyuria, tremors (3 of 14 each, 21%), and hyperthermia (2 of 14, 14%). The lowest calculated dosage associated with objective clinical signs was 1.9 g/kg. Seizures were reported in all animals with serum sodium levels greater than 180 mEq/L. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Homemade play dough ingestion can be a serious and life‐threatening problem. Many factors can contribute to the toxicity of homemade play dough. This study indicates that the serum sodium concentration is a more reliable indicator of the clinical course of the toxicity rather than the amount of play dough and, therefore, the dosage of sodium chloride ingested. Treatment should be based on a clinical evaluation of the patient and laboratory results, and consists of controlling seizures, reducing serum sodium concentrations slowly, and supportive care.     

Formation of zinc protoporphyrin IX in Parma-like ham without nitrate or nitrite

Zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZPP) is a characteristic red pigment in meat products that are manufactured without the addition of a curing agent such as nitrate or nitrite. To examine the effects of impurities such as mineral components in sea salt on the formation of ZPP, we manufactured Parmatype dry-cured hams that were salted with refined salt or sea salt and examined the involvement of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in the formation of ZPP. The content of ZPP was increased drastically after 40 weeks. Microscopic observation showed strong fluorescence caused by ZPP muscle fiber after 40 weeks. Conversely, heme content varied considerably during processing. ORP increased during processing. However, there was no obvious difference between ham salted with refined salt and that salted with sea salt. Therefore, it was concluded that impurities in sea salt were not involved in the formation of ZPP.     

地毯草耐盐浓度梯度筛选与临界盐浓度研究

以地毯草(Axonopus compressus)为对象,利用水培法进行耐盐鉴定,初步研究不同盐浓度对地毯草坪用品质、叶色和枯黄率的影响,并对地毯草耐盐性进行了评价。结果表明,不同的处理之间存在显著或极显著性差异,在低浓度处理下（0～120 mmol·L-1）,叶色和坪用品质得分6分以上;而在高浓度处理下（140～180 mmol·L-1）,景观价值低于6分。叶片枯黄率与之正好相反,在低浓度下（0～140 mmol·L-1）,枯黄率较低;而在高浓度下（160～180 mmol·L-1）,枯黄率超过50%,从而导致地毯草草坪观赏价值过低。通过建立回归方程,以枯黄率50%作为确定存活的临界值指标,求得地毯草具有盐半致死临界浓度为141 mmol·L-1。     

清、洪水灌溉条件下土壤中盐分运移规律的试验研究

在大同县罗庄村玉米地进行洪水灌溉与清水灌溉的大田灌水试验,研究在不同的灌水定额下,用洪水与清水灌溉后,土壤剖面上盐分的运移规律。研究结果表明:用洪水与清水灌溉后,土壤中盐分的运移规律基本相同;盐分随水分运动而向下运移的深度随灌水定额的增大而增大。