离子束辅助大豆基因群导入小麦的研究

用低能离子束辅助,将大豆全DNA分别导入中育5号、淮阴9628两个小麦品种,获得高蛋白(>18 5%)单株5株,最高株蛋白质含量为21 44%;低蛋白(<11 5%)单株3株,最低株蛋白质含量为10 96%。研究结果还表明,不同小麦受体基因型的转化效率明显不同。     

Jasmonic Acid Differentially Affects Growth, Ion Uptake and Abscisic Acid Concentration in Salt-tolerant and Salt-sensitive Rice Cultivars

Phytohormones play critical roles in regulating plant responses to stress. Here, we investigated the effects of salt stress and stress recovery by applying jasmonate to the two different rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars Dongjinchalbyeo (DJC, salt-tolerant) and Dongjinbyeo (DJ, salt-sensitive). Salt stress remarkably decreased the root length of plants even at low NaCl concentration (20 mm ). Salt stress led to a sharp increase in the concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) in 20 and 40 mm NaCl, when compared with the control values. The concentrations of ABA in the salt-tolerant cultivar DJC plants progressively increased with increasing NaCl levels, whereas in the salt-sensitive cultivar DJ, they sharply decreased in all three parts of rice plants at 80 mm NaCl treatment. The decrease of jasmonic acid (JA) concentrations in salt-tolerant cultivar DJC was lesser than in the salt-sensitive cultivar DJ plants in the shoot. Post-application in the stressed plants with 30 μm JA at 24 and 48 h after NaCl treatment, recovered salt inhibition on dry mass production more effectively than application of JA at 48 and 24 h before salt stress, and during salt stress simultaneously. The uptake of Na decreased especially in the salt-sensitive cultivar DJ plants, whereas there was an increase in Ca and Mg levels and slight increase of K by JA application. Leaf water potential, leaf photosynthetic rate, and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) also remarkably recovered when 30 μm JA was applied 24 h after the salt stress compared with the 40 mm NaCl-treated plants. These results clearly indicate that post-application with exogenous JA can ameliorate salt-stressed rice seedlings, especially the salt-sensitive cultivar rather than the salt-tolerant cultivar. This may change the balance of other endogenous plant hormones.     

离子注入诱发棉花过氧化物酶同功酶及农艺性状变异的研究

本文分析了氮离子注入处理棉花种子诱发Ｍ１植株第二真叶过氧化物酶同功酶（ＩＰＯ）变异的遗传表现；Ｍ＝ＩＰＯ和农艺性状变异的频率及类型，探讨了剂量效应及ＩＰＯ变异与农艺性状变异的关系。结果表明：Ｍ１ＩＰＯ变异有些是非遗传的，Ｍ２中ＩＰＯ不同酶带对氨离子注入的敏感性及最佳诱变剂量不同；氮离子注入能诱发较高频率的ＩＰＯ变异及数量性状和多个性状的同时变异，可在较轻的Ｍ１损伤下获得较高的Ｍ２农艺性状变异频率，Ｍ２ＩＰＯ和农艺性状变异频率与Ｍ１ＩＰＯ变异频率的关系可用Ｙ＝Ａ＋ＢＸ＋ＣＸ２来描述。在Ｍ２铃数和早熟性变异株中均可观察到第二真叶ＩＰＯ第８条酶带，而铃重和株高变异株中可观察到第６条酶带。     

鸡舍内过氧乙酸消毒和除氨效果初报

使用0.5%过氧乙酸对鸡舍进行喷雾消毒,分别在消毒前和消毒后间隔采样并测定鸡舍内空气中氨气含量和细菌总数。结果表明氨气含量和细菌总数在消毒后都有显著下降,在消毒后6h氨气的含量仍然保持较低水平;并显示出在空气质量差的鸡舍消毒和除氨效果越明显。     

Improved drought tolerance of transgenic Zea mays plants that express the glutamate dehydrogenase gene (gdhA) of E. coli

Genetic modification of nitrogen metabolism via bacterial NADPH- dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH; E.C.4.1.2.1) favorably alters growth and metabolism of C3 plants. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of expression of GDH in the cytoplasmic compartment of Zea mays cells. The gdhA gene from Escherichia coli , that encoded a NADPH-GDH, was ligated to the ubiquitin promoter that incorporated the first intron enhancer and used to transform Z. mays cv. ‘H99’ embryo cultures by biolistics. R0–R3 generations included selfed inbreds, back-crossed inbreds, and hybrids with B73 derivatives. The lines with the highest GDH specific activity produced infertile R0 plants. The highest specific activity of GDH from the fertile Z. mays plants was sufficient to alter phenotypes. Plant damage caused by the phosphinothricin in gluphosinate-type herbicides, glutamine synthetase (GS; EC 6.1.3.2) inhibitors, was less pronounced in Z. mays plants with gdhA pat than in gusA pat plants. Germination and grain biomass production were increased in gdhA transgenic plants in the field during seasons with significant water deficits but not over all locations. Water deficit tolerance under controlled conditions was increased. Crops modified with gdhA may have value in semi-arid locations.     

Hardening of Some Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Rye (Secale cereals L.), Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) and Winter Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivars During Autumn and the Final Winter Survival in Finland

Profound hardening is the prerequisite for survival of a cultivar over winter. In the present study, hardening abilities of 13 winter wheat, 10 rye, 3 triticale and 6 winter barley cultivars were determined in field samples collected during the autumns of 1990 and 1991 by measuring the amount of ion leakage from frost-treated leaf segments. The cultivars tested were selected from the Inter-Nordic Winterhardiness Project, in which Field Survival Indices were determined for a total of 23 winter wheat, 13 rye, 5 triticale and 11 winter barley cultivars in order to estimate winter survival potentials under Finnish conditions. The winter survival of the materials studied correlated well with their hardening ability assessed by using the electrolyte leakage method.     

Genetic analysis of sodium,potassium and chloride ion content inLycopersicon

Summary Plants of the salt-sensitiveL. esculentum, the halophytic wild speciesL. pennellii, their F₁ hybrids and the interspecific F₂ generation were grown in Hoagland's liquid culture containing 100 mM NaCl and 6 mM K⁺. Analysis of the Na⁺, Cl^- and K⁺ ions contents of the leaves showed, as observed also in previous studies, that the cultivated parent accumlated more K⁺ and less Na⁺ than the wild parent. A total of 117 F₂ plants were assayed for 15 electrophoretically detectable isozyme markers which map to nine of the twelve tomato chromosomes. Four loci, all with a similar quantitative effect on Na⁺ and Cl^- uptake, were identified by virtue of their linkage to isozyme markers. Two other loci were found to affect K⁺ uptake. This study demonstrates the potential value of using genetic markers in order to gain a better understanding of the genetic basis of quantitative traits associated with the response of plants to salinity stress.     

转金属硫蛋白基因(MT1)烟草抗Cd2+胁迫的生理特性分析

将柽柳（Tamarix sp.）金属硫蛋白基因（MT₁，GenBank登录号：AB298390）插入植物表达载体pBI121，取代花椰菜病毒35S启动子下游的gus基因，利用农杆菌（Agrobactrium tumefaciens）介导法将MT1导入烟草（Nicotiana tobacum）基因组。对具有卡那霉素抗性，且经PCR-Southern检测和Northern杂交表现阳性的转基因株系进行抗Cd²⁺分析表明，金属硫蛋白基因的过量表达提高了转基因植株的抗Cd²⁺能力，在含200 µmol L^-1和400 µmol L^-1 Cd²⁺的MS培养基上，转基因植株的株高和鲜重均明显优于非转基因株系；在生理性状上表现为转基因植株MDA含量及POD活性明显低于非转基因株系，叶绿素含量和SOD活性比非转基因株系明显增加。     

有机肥料中氯离子检测方法的研究

通过全自动电位滴定法与佛尔哈德法对有机肥料样品中氯离子含量进行测定比较,结果显示,自动电位滴定法不受溶液颜色干扰,测定更为快速、准确,平均回收率为97.1%。此种方法缩短了前处理时间,使实验操作更为便捷。同时该法适用于植株中的氯离子含量的测定。     

辽宁设施栽培土壤盐分累积变化规律研究

对辽宁省主要设施栽培地区土壤盐分累积变化规律的凋查研究结果表明：（1）设施栽培土壤盐分含量和电导率较露地土壤有明显增加，且变化幅度较大，是露地的2.0～6.0倍。沈阳、北宁两地设施土壤的盐分含量分别为1347.48mg／kg（CV=59.3％），1274.25mg／kg（CV＝40.5％）。（2）设施土壤连续种植到4年左右为盐分累积的高峰期，此时土壤的平均含盐量为1861.28mg／kg，EC值为0.53mS／cm，已超过所种作物的生育障碍临界点（EC〉0.5mS／cm）。此后，盐分含量因设施使用率的降低及采取的相关措施而有一定程度的降低。（3）设施土壤各盐分离子的含量均较露地土壤大大增加，盐分的累积以NO3^-、SO4^2-和Ca^2＋的相对富集为主要特征。（4）盐分在设施土壤中的运移同时存在着向下迁移和向表层聚集两种方式，且以表聚为主。各盐分离子的含量随土层深度的增加而降低，NO3^-、CI^-、Ca^2＋、Na^＋的累积迁移量较大，在0～100cm各土层内的含量都高于对应露地层次，其中，硝酸盐的大量累积和向下迁移势必对环境造成不利影响。