植物激活蛋白对玉米抗病相关酶活性的影响

以稀释1000倍的植物激活蛋白粗提液处理玉米,以稀释1000倍的pH6.8磷酸缓冲液作对照,分别在处理后1、4、7、10、13和16d测定了玉米中苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶、几丁质酶和多酚氧化酶活性。结果表明:在不同时期处理后4种酶活性比对照有所提高,说明植物激活蛋白能诱导玉米抗病性。     

阴沟肠杆菌的Hy3AL和hycA部分基因克隆及序列分析

为了克隆氢化酶3大亚基（HyA3L）和甲酸氢酶抑制因子（hycA）,研究其在阴沟肠杆菌产氢代谢中的作用和机制,笔者利用CODEHOP设计阴沟肠杆菌NRRL B-414 HyA3L和hycA简并引物,选用引物HyA3J和HycAJ扩增基因组DNA,分别得到约1500、150 bp的PCR产物,该产物连接pMD18-T载体,并克隆转化至E.coli DH5α感受态细胞中,经筛选后测序。推导的HyA3J扩增产物氨基酸序列与Enterobacter sp. 638的HyA3L蛋白一致性最高达到99%,仅有3个氨基酸的差异,表明其为阴沟肠杆菌的HyA3L;推导的HycAJ扩增产物氨基酸序列与Enterobacter cloacae subsp. cloacae ATCC 13047的HycA蛋白一致性最高达到92%,仅有4个氨基酸的差异,表明其为阴沟肠杆菌的hycA。通过以上分析可得出,采用CODEHOP程序设计的简并引物可信性强,阳性率高。阴沟肠杆菌NRRL B-414的氢化酶3大亚基和甲酸氢酶抑制因子部分基因的成功克隆,为通过代谢工程手段敲除氢化酶3大亚基和甲酸氢酶抑制因子的基因全长克隆奠定基础,不但增加了这2个基因的资源,也可为其基因敲除等代谢工程研究提供科学依据和工作基础。     

Effect of efficient pectinolytic bacterial isolates on retting and fibre quality of jute

Four bacterial strains with high balanced polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin lyase (PNL), and xylanase with minimal cellulase activity were used in jute retting. The 16S rDNA analysis revealed that the organisms were: Bacillus sp. L6 (GQ891097), Bacillus pumilus strain EK-17 (GQ891098), B. pumilus strain Geo-03-422 (GQ891103) and B. pumilus strain IK-MB12-518F (GQ891105). The microorganisms in different combinations of consortia showed synergistic effect resulting in increased PG (35.52-46.61 IU/g cell wet weight), PNL (39.79-72.12 U/ml), xylanase (0.705-0.840 μmol/ml/min) and little cellulase (0-0.153 μmol/ml/min) activities. The organisms in different combinations of consortia reduced the retting period from 11 to 13 days as compared to 19 days in the control. Microbial inoculation produced remarkable improvement in jute fibre strength (26.62-28.91 g/tex) and fineness (2.76-2.92 tex) over control. The pH of the post-retting water samples became acidic, and the electrical conductivity (Ec), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and hardness increased. The organisms could be adopted in industrial application for extraction of jute fibre.     

褐环黏盖牛肝菌异柠檬酸裂解酶和苹果酸合酶活性的研究

为了探明褐环黏盖牛肝菌的草酸代谢途径,研究了pH值、反应温度对褐环黏盖牛肝菌异柠檬酸裂解酶（ICL）和苹果酸合酶（MS）的活性的影响。结果表明,酶促反应褐环黏盖牛肝菌ICL最适pH值为5.6,其最大活性为4.37 U/g FW;MS的最适pH值为7.0,其最大活性为3.57 U/g FW; ICL最适反应温度为30℃, MS最适反应温度为35℃; K+, Na+, Mg2+三种金属离子中, Mg2+对ICL活性具有明显的激活作用,而Na+对MS的活性具有明显的激活作用。     

新疆棉花品种次生代谢酶活性与诱导抗蚜性的关系

为了明确不同棉花品种次生代谢酶活性与诱导抗蚜性的关系,研究了不同类型棉花品种在棉蚜为害胁迫下,苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的变化及其对抗蚜性的影响。结果表明,未受蚜害时不同品种同一酶活性存在显著差异;受蚜害诱导后,抗蚜品种和感蚜品种3种酶活性均有不同程度的上升,抗蚜品种酶活性显著高于感蚜品种,诱导抗蚜性的强弱在不同品种间差异显著。     

植物半胱氨酸合成酶复合体(SAT/OAS-TL)研究进展

综述了植物半胱氨酸的合成调节和半胱氨酸合成酶复合体的结构、调节机理及其植物转基因的研究进展。     

Phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase activity and ortho‐diphenolic content with regard to boron nutrition in sunflower leaves.

Homogenates were prepared from the leaves of hydroponically cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus, L.) under deficient, normal and toxic B conditions and the phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase activity together with the ortho‐diphenolic and micronutrient content were measured every week from one month to flowering

The restoration of enzymatic activity on the exogenous addition of borate “in vivo”; was also studied.

Both B toxicity and deficiency resulted in increased phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase activity in the homogenates

The toxicity effect was early and sustained and the deficiency effect late and transitory. “In vitro”; borate addition to the reaction mixture did not significantly change the phenylalanine‐ammonia‐lyase activity in the homogenates.

There was no statistical correlation between the phenylalanine‐ammonia‐lyase activity and any micronutrient content in leaves.

A high accumulation of ortho‐diphenolics appeared in B‐deficient leaves only after 28 days of differential culture and may be responsible for the drop in phenylalanine‐ammonia‐lyase activity noted at this time.     

New Benzoxazine Secondary Metabolites from an Arctic Actinomycete

Two new secondary metabolites, arcticoside (1) and C-1027 chromophore-V (2), were isolated along with C-1027 chromophore-III and fijiolides A and B (3–5) from a culture of an Arctic marine actinomycete Streptomyces strain. The chemical structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated through NMR, mass, UV, and IR spectroscopy. The hexose moieties in 1 were determined to be d-glucose from a combination of acid hydrolysis, derivatization, and gas chromatographic analyses. Arcticoside (1) and C-1027 chromophore-V (2), which have a benzoxazine ring, inhibited Candida albicans isocitrate lyase. Chromophore-V (2) exhibited significant cytotoxicity against breast carcinoma MDA-MB231 cells and colorectal carcinoma cells (line HCT-116), with IC₅₀ values of 0.9 and 2.7 μM, respectively.     

Enhancement of Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase,Polyphenoloxidase, and Peroxidase in Cucumber Seedlings by Bemisia tabaci（Gennadius） （Hemiptera： Aleyrodidae） Infestation

In this study, the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase （PAL）, polyphenoloxidase （PPO）, and peroxidase （POD） were assayed in cucumber seedlings （Cucumis sativus L.） at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after they were infested by Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） using spectrophotometric analysis. The results indicated that herbivore infestation increased the activities of PAL, PPO, and POD. The enzymes showed different activity levels at different times after the infestation. The PAL activity reached the first high peak by 23.1% at 6 h and the highest peak by 29.1% at 48 h compared to the control. The PPO activity reached the first high peak by 22.7% at 6 h and the highest peak by 52.6% at 24 h, and the POD activity reached the highest peak by 213.2% at 6 h and another higher peak value by 135.2% at 96 h. The results suggest that the enhanced activities of the enzymes may contribute to bioprotection of cucumber plants against B. tabaci infestation.