甘草萤叶甲空间分布型初步研究

对甘草萤叶甲成虫和幼虫的空间分布型进行了测定,结果表明,成虫符合核心分布和负二项分布,幼虫符合负二项分布;聚集度指标检验成虫、幼虫均为聚集分布。并分析拟合了成虫和幼虫在大田中的理论抽样数学模型。     

The existence of an Allee effect in populations of Porcellio scaber (Isopoda: Oniscidea)

An Allee effect occurs when at low densities there is a positive relationship between density and fitness leading to a higher probability of extinction. One circumstance in which it may arise is when isolated individuals are less effective in modifying their environment in a favourable way than groups of individuals. In this paper we use Porcellio scaber to test the hypothesis that the fitness correlate of growth rate will vary as a function of density not just due to the negative effects of increasing interference competition whilst foraging at higher densities, but also positively at lower densities due to isolated individuals spending more time and energy searching for other individuals with which to aggregate whilst sheltering.Below densities of 70 m^–2 relative growth rates increased as a function of density, above 70 m^–2 growth rate decreased with increasing density. Time spent walking and searching increased at lower densities. These behavioural observations, together with the original observations on water loss and oxygen consumption made by Allee [1], are used to interpret the curvilinear growth rate response to density as an example of a component Allee effect, which is discussed in relation to the importance of aggregation as an adaptation to the terrestrial environment in the Oniscidea.     

化学信息素对散居型东亚飞蝗聚集行为的影响

散居型是东亚飞蝗的一个重要生态型。对散居型蝗虫行为的深入研究为飞蝗的防治和预报提供重要依据。采用行为生物测定和触角电位测定（EAG）的方法对来自于群居型和散居型蝗虫的化学信息素对散居型东亚飞蝗聚集行为的影响进行了初步研究。研究结果认为,群居型蝗蝻粪便释放出的化学信息素对散居型蝗蝻有明显的聚集作用;散居型蝗蝻对所测试的不同龄期群居型蝗蝻信息素均表现出明显的电生理反应,其中粪便抽提物的电生理活性较强,散居型蝗蝻对来自于相同龄期或较高龄期的群居型蝗蝻的化学信息素的电生理反应较强,其中,雄性比雌性敏感;群居型成蝗粪便信息素抽提物对散居蝗蝻有明显的电生理活性,雄性成蝗释放出的化学信息素电生理活性较高;散居型蝗蝻对来自于散居型蝗虫的化学信息素也有一定电生理反应,但反应不明显。散居型飞蝗的行为和型变与环境中的化学信息有密切关系,进一步深入研究十分必要。     

增长极理论与农业产业空间布局研究

为进一步解决农业资源分散、产业布局零乱等问题,进行增长极理论与农业产业空间布局研究,本研究基于增长极理论聚集和扩散效应,以武乡县、孝义市为研究对象,构建不同发展模式的农业产业空间布局.将农业产业空间布局划分为突出区位优势和主导产业的空间布局、以产业链为重要支撑空间布局、以产业园区或基地为载体空间布局和以农业产业强镇为载...     

安徽省芜湖市统筹城乡发展问题研究

芜湖市城乡发展现状和存在的主要矛盾,对芜湖市统筹城乡发展的基本思路、目标任务进行了深入分析,并在此基础上提出了对策建议。     

马尾松舞毒峨卵块空间分布型及其应用的研究

马尾松舞毒蛾卵块的空间分布型,用聚集度指标度量适合聚集分布。Iwao的回归分析法与Taylor幂法则也是确定聚集型分布的好方法,结果都说明是聚集型的。由此可确定抽样调查的最适抽样数,编制序贯抽样分析表,用于预测预报和防治效果的检验。     

丹参旋心异跗莹叶甲空间分布型研究

为了掌握旋心异跗莹叶甲的生态学特性和有效的田间抽样技术,对旋心异跗莹叶甲成虫在丹参地的空间分布型和抽样技术进行调查与研究。结果表明,旋心异跗莹叶甲成虫在丹参地的空间分布符合负二项分布;聚集度指标检验表明,空间分布图式是聚集分布,当虫口密度较小时,聚集分布是由环境因素引起的,当虫口密度较大时聚集分布原因受环境因素的差异与昆虫自身聚集习性的综合影响;Iwao的m*-m直线回归法分析及Toylar的幂的法则进一步说明,种群在田间空间分布格局为聚集分布,成虫个体间相互排斥,种群在一切密度下都是聚集分布,而且具有密度依赖性;并拟合了成虫田间的理论抽样数学模型。     

The Effects of Pentoxifylline on Equine Platelet Aggregation

Background: Pentoxifylline (PTX) possesses a number of vasomotor, immunomodulatory, and hemorheologic properties. Based upon the hypothesis that equine laminitis and navicular disease result from microthrombosis, the inhibitory effects of PTX on inflammatory cytokines, and its inhibitory effects on human platelet aggregation, PTX has been widely used to treat equine endotoxemia, navicular disease, and laminitis. Despite this, the effects of PTX on equine platelet aggregation have not been investigated previously. Hypothesis: PTX decreases platelet aggregation in equine whole blood at concentrations approximating those achieved in horses given clinically relevant doses of PTX. Animals: Seven healthy adult horses from a research herd. Methods: Whole blood impedance aggregometry using whole equine blood incubated with varying concentrations of PTX. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen were used to initiate aggregation. Results: The onset time of collagen‐induced equine platelet aggregation was significantly shortened by PTX. The maximum slope of resistance change (dR/dt) and total resistance change of collagen‐induced platelet aggregation were unaffected by PTX. No effects of PTX on ADP‐induced onset time of aggregation, dR/dt, or total resistance change were observed. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Our hypothesis is not supported by the results. PTX hastens the onset of collagen‐induced platelet aggregation in equine whole blood, but has no effect on the rate of collagen‐induced aggregation. PTX does not affect ADP‐dependent equine platelet aggregation. Given these findings, PTX may not be a reasonable therapeutic option to decrease platelet aggregation in horses.     

石榴园5种主要食叶类害虫与其捕食性天敌之间的关系

为统筹利用自然天敌和通过化学措施全年综合防治石榴园害虫,对石榴园害虫及其天敌进行了系统调查,明确了江淮丘陵区石榴园主要食叶类害虫为棉蚜、小绿叶蝉、黄刺蛾、扁刺蛾和小袋蛾。采用灰色关联度分析法、生态位分析法和空间格局聚集强度指数分析法分析了主要害虫与其捕食性天敌在数、时、空方面的关系,综合排序得出:棉蚜的主要捕食性天敌是异色瓢虫、中华草蛉和八斑球腹蛛,小绿叶蝉的主要捕食性天敌是粽管巢蛛、三突花蟹蛛和草间小黑蛛,黄刺蛾的主要捕食性天敌是粽管巢蛛、锥腹肖蛸和八斑球腹蛛,扁刺蛾的主要捕食性天敌是锥腹肖蛸、八斑球腹蛛和粽管巢蛛,小袋蛾的主要捕食性天敌是三突花蟹蛛、粽管巢蛛和异色瓢虫。棉蚜种群的聚集均数λ值大于2,其聚集是本身原因引起的;而小绿叶蝉、黄刺蛾、扁刺蛾和小袋蛾及其捕食性天敌的λ值小于2,其聚集是环境中某些因子引起的。     

Soil physical responses to cattle grazing cover crops under conventional and no tillage in the Southern Piedmont USA

Grazing of cover crops in grain cropping systems can increase economic return and diversify agricultural production systems, but the environmental consequences of this intensified management have not been well documented, especially under different tillage systems. We conducted a multiple-year investigation of how cover crop management (grazed and ungrazed) and tillage system [conventional (CT; initial moldboard plowing and thereafter disk tillage) and no tillage (NT)] affected soil physical properties (bulk density, aggregation, infiltration, and penetration resistance) on a Typic Kanhapludult in Georgia. Responses were determined in two cropping systems: summer grain/winter cover crop and winter grain/summer cover crop. Soil bulk density was reduced (P = 0.02) with CT compared with NT to a depth of 30 cm at the end of 0.5 year, but only to a depth of 12 cm at the end of 2, 2.5, and 4.5 years. Grazing of cover crops had little effect on soil bulk density, except eventually with 4.5 years of management. Water-stable macroaggregation was reduced (P ≤ 0.01) with CT compared with NT to a depth of 12 cm at all sampling times during the first 2.5 years of evaluation. Stability of macroaggregates in water was unaffected by grazing of cover crops in both tillage systems. Across 7 sampling events during the first 4 years, there was a tendency (P = 0.07) for water infiltration rate to be lower with grazing of cover crops (5.6 mm min⁻¹) than when ungrazed (6.9 mm min⁻¹), irrespective of tillage system. Across 10 sampling events, soil penetration resistance was greater under NT than under CT at a depth of 0–10 cm (P = 0.001) and the difference was greater in ungrazed than in grazed systems (P = 0.06). Biannual CT operations may have alleviated any surface degradation with animal traffic, but the initially high level of soil organic matter following long-term pasture and conversion to cropland with NT may have buffered the soil from any detrimental effects of animal traffic. Overall, the introduction of cattle to consume the high-quality cover crop forage did not cause substantial damage to the soil.