云杉八齿小蠹化学生态的研究进展(鞘翅目,小蠹科)

本文对云杉八齿小蠹化学生态的研究进展进行了综述。云杉八齿小蠹在中欧的大面积爆发激发了广大林业科学工作者对其化学生态学的广泛研究。在寻找寄主的过程中,雄性找到寄主后释放化学信息物质吸引雄性和雌性的聚集。开始发起进攻的小蠹在找寻寄主的过程中能利用寄主树脂作为利己素,并能够在体内解毒后合成可被利用的化学信息物质。在云杉八齿小蠹雄性的中肠中,我们发现9种单萜类化合物,主要是反式马鞭草烯醇和2-甲基3-己烯2-醇,这两种物质被认为是云杉八齿小蠹聚集信息素的主要成分。小蠹二烯醇的含量虽然很低但是能显著提高马鞭草烯醇和2-甲基3-己烯2-醇的野外诱集作用。马鞭草烯酮和小蠹烯醇是反聚集信息素,在调节攻击密度和树皮下的种群密度的过程中起着重要的作用。本文主要综述了寄主抗性、信息素成分和小蠹虫行为之间的关系。野外生测的结果证明利用信息素防治云杉八齿小蠹是行之有效的防治方法。     

Comparison of Multiplate,Platelet Function Analyzer‐200, and Plateletworks in Healthy Dogs Treated with Aspirin and Clopidogrel

Background

Platelet function testing may be warranted to assess response to aspirin and clopidogrel.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To evaluate the effects of aspirin, clopidogrel, or combination therapy using 3 platelet function tests: Multiplate Analyzer (MP), Platelet Function Analyzer‐200 (PFA), and Plateletworks (PW).

Animals

Six healthy laboratory Beagles.

Methods

Randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled study (crossover design). Dogs were given aspirin 1 mg/kg, clopidogrel 2 mg/kg, or combination therapy for 1 week each, with a washout period of 2 weeks. Platelet function was assessed on days 0 and 7 of each phase using MP (adenosine diphosphate [ADP], arachidonic acid [AA], collagen [COL] agonists), PFA (P2Y, COL‐ADP [CADP], COL‐Epinephrine [CEPI] cartridges), and PW (ADP, AA, COL agonists). Platelet counts were obtained with impedance and optical counters.

Results

For MP, mean aggregation was decreased for COL and AA with combination therapy and for ADP with all treatments. For PFA, mean CT was increased for the CEPI cartridge with aspirin; and for the P2Y and CADP cartridges with clopidogrel or combination therapy. More dogs receiving clopidogrel showed an increase in PFA CT using the P2Y than the CADP cartridge. For PW, mean aggregation was decreased for AA with all treatments; for ADP with clopidogrel or combination therapy; and for COL with clopidogrel. The PW results with the 2 hematology counters showed almost perfect agreement.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

All platelet function tests detected treatment effects in some dogs and may have utility for monitoring therapy.     

中国半散养与野生麋鹿繁殖期肠道寄生虫感染流行病学调查

肠道寄生虫不仅显著影响宿主的健康状况和生存状态，而且也潜在影响着宿主种群的发展。为了监测我国半散养和野生麋鹿的健康状态，研究麋鹿肠道寄生虫感染状况，本研究于2019年夏季，采用非损伤性采样方法，采集北京南海子麋鹿苑半散养和我国三大野生麋鹿种群新鲜粪便487份，分析麋鹿对寄生虫的感染情况。根据麦克马斯特计数法，对麋鹿种群粪便中寄生虫卵进行镜检计数。结果表明：麋鹿感染的肠道寄生虫主要为圆线虫类、艾美尔球虫、莫尼茨绦虫及毛首鞭形线虫。湖南岳阳东洞庭湖国家级自然保护区圆线虫类及莫尼茨绦虫感染率及感染丰度均比其他地点严重，并且这两种寄生虫的聚集度都比其他地点低，表明宿主-寄生虫的动态稳定平衡存在失衡的危机，存在寄生虫爆发的可能。建议东洞庭湖保护区管理人员对洞庭种群投入更多的监控与管护，预防寄生虫的爆发。本研究为我国麋鹿种群的科学管护及潜在野生栖息地选择提供数据参考。