Molecular Typing of Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from Common Carp in Northeast China

A total of 59 isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila were collected from common carp suffering from freshwater fish hemorrhage disease in 13 fishing grounds in the northeast China, and their phenotypic and genetic characteristics were investigated. All of the isolates were identified as A. hydrophila by traditional biochemical method and yielded a 686-bp DNA fragment of the 16S rDNA gene in the PCR experiments. Collected strains were also evaluated for their susceptibility to 17 different antibiotics. The isolates showed an even trend of the resistance and sensitivity to drugs, highly sensitive to antibiotics, such as Levofloxacin, PolymyxinB, Ofloxacin and resistant to antibiotics, such as Bristopen, Lincomycin, Ampicillin, Teicoplanin. Evaluation of genetic diversity was performed on all isolates by molecular typing with enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC-PCR) method. The results showed that three different types, i.e. type Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and type Ⅲ, were found in 59 isolates and type III accounted for a large proportion of 54.84%. There was no dominant difference between the tendency of the isolates of Heilongjiang Province and Jilin Province in these three types, which showed Ⅲ>Ⅰ>Ⅱ, while the isolates of Liaoning Province showed Ⅲ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ. The percentage of different types in different provinces varied in each other; however, they didn’t show any obvious regional or cluster-specific branches. In conclusion, the ability to distinguish Aeromonas hydrophila strains from diseased common carp with ERIC-PCR would be useful for epidemiological investigation and population genetic analysis of this pathogen in China.     

广东省南美白对虾豚鼠气单胞菌的分离鉴定

广东省某养殖场南美白对虾于2012年突发传染病,为确定该病病原并对其进行有效防制,特利用分子生物学技术对病原进行了分离鉴定。结果从发病南美白对虾分离纯化到1株优势菌ZHBX12016,将该菌人工浸浴感染南美白对虾,5 d后南美白对虾死亡率达95%,且发病对虾临床症状与自然病例相似,人工注射感染测得其半数致死量LD50为6.43×103cfu/mL。该菌革兰氏染色阴性,短杆状;对半乳糖、蔗糖、甘露醇、葡萄糖产气、精氨酸双水解酶,赖氨酸脱酸酶,葡萄糖酸盐的生化反应性与豚鼠气单胞菌(Aeromonas caviae)(synonym Aeromonas punctata)生化反应结果相同。用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术扩增该菌16S rD NA序列进行测序和生物信息学分析,结果显示:分离菌株与豚鼠气单胞菌(Aeromonas caviae)相似性达97.7%~100%之间,在系统发育树上聚为同一分支。综合该菌形态学、致病性、生理生化和16S rRNA基因分析结果,将其鉴定为豚鼠气单胞菌(Aeromonas caviae)。药敏试验结果表明分离菌株对氯霉素、土霉素、丁胺卡那、呋喃唑酮等高度敏感。     

The Incidence of Aeromonas Species in the Feces of Nondiarrheic Horses

Aeromonas species have been isolated from the feces of diarrheic adult horses and foals. However, Aeromonas species have also been isolated from the feces of approximately 5% of clinically normal adult horses outside the United States. The objectives of this study were to determine whether Aeromonas species can be shed in the feces of nondiarrheic adult horses and identify any effects of season of year, transportation, and hospitalization on possible fecal shedding of Aeromonas species. Feces were cultured for Aeromonas and Salmonella species from 138 nondiarrheic adult horses examined in the hospital and by field services for complaints other than gastrointestinal disease. Fecal Aeromonas and Salmonella species were isolated from 6.5% and 2.2% of nondiarrheic horses, respectively. All Aeromonas isolates were identified as A caviae. There were no apparent effects on time of year, hospitalization, or transport on isolation of Aeromonas species from feces. Isolation of Aeromonas species from diarrheic horses in the absence of other possible enteric pathogens indicates intestinal disease as a result of Aeromonas infection, but Aeromonas species can also occur as copathogens with Salmonella infections.     

异育银鲫细菌性败血病病原体的微生物学诊断及毒力、药敏实验

对合肥市某养殖基地发病的10余只异育银鲫的临床观察,经病原体分离培养与生理生化鉴定,结果初步表明,该病病原体为嗜水气单胞菌.分离菌对多种抗菌素有敏感性.毒力实验证实,分离菌对小白鼠具有致病性.     

不同来源嗜水气单胞菌的抗菌素耐药性及耐药机制分析

分离、收集不同时期来源于俄罗斯及国内各地的40株嗜水气单胞菌,常规生理生化鉴定结果表明这些菌株均为嗜水气单胞菌。9种抗菌素药敏纸片对全部菌株的测定结果显示,菌株的耐药强度与原分离地是否使用抗菌素高度相关。质粒与菌株耐药相关性分析结果表明,12个具有1个以上多拷贝质粒的菌株中,有11株呈现高度耐药性,提示耐药性与多拷贝质粒存在相关性;但无质粒或仅有低拷贝质粒的菌株,其耐药性强弱与质粒无相关性。菌株耐药稳定性试验结果证明,4℃条件下长时间保存会降低菌株的抗性,而连续多次冻存、复苏传代对菌株的抗性无影响。     

起始pH影响嗜水气单胞菌溶血毒素活性机制的研究

以嗜水气单胞菌ＣＲＩ１４为材料,研究其胞外蛋白酶活性发现,酸性起始ｐＨ５．０只是部分抑制了胞外蛋白酶活性。在此基础上初步断定酸性起始ｐＨ５．０是通过影响溶血毒素基因的表达而影响其活性。     

北京地区养殖鱼类来源嗜水气单胞菌耐药性研究

为揭示北京地区养殖鱼体嗜水气单胞菌的病理学特征以指导科学用药,利用K-B纸片法研究从北京地区养殖鱼体分离得到的29株嗜水气单胞菌(A.hydrophila)对20种抗菌药物的耐药性。结果发现29株嗜水气单胞菌对青霉素类产生耐药率100.00%,对磺胺类、头孢霉素类和四环素类耐药率分别为69.00%、58.60%和41.40%,对大环内酯类、喹诺酮类和氨基糖苷类耐药率分别为27.60%、24.10%和24.10%。同时,嗜水气单胞菌对20种抗菌药物也呈现不同程度的多重耐药性,100.00%的菌对3种抗菌药物产生耐药性,41.40%的菌对5种抗菌药物产生耐药性,13.80%的菌对9种抗菌药物耐药。结论:患病鱼体嗜水气单胞菌对阿奇霉素、新霉素和妥布霉素敏感。     

Infection routes of Aeromonas salmonicida in rainbow trout monitored in vivo by real‐time bioluminescence imaging

Recent development of imaging tools has facilitated studies of pathogen infections in vivo in real time. This trend can be exemplified by advances in bioluminescence imaging (BLI), an approach that helps to visualize dissemination of pathogens within the same animal over several time points. Here, we employ bacterial BLI for examining routes of entry and spread of Aeromonas salmonicida susbp. salmonicida in rainbow trout. A virulent Danish A. salmonicida strain was tagged with pAKgfplux1, a dual‐labelled plasmid vector containing the mutated gfpmut3a gene from Aequorea victoria and the luxCDABE genes from the bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens. The resulting A. salmonicida transformant exhibited growth properties and virulence identical to the wild‐type A. salmonicida, which made it suitable for an experimental infection, mimicking natural conditions. Fish were infected with pAKgfplux1 tagged A. salmonicida via immersion bath. Colonization and subsequent tissue dissemination was followed over a 24‐h period using the IVIS spectrum imaging workstation. Results suggest the pathogen's colonization sites are the dorsal and pectoral fin and the gills, followed by a progression through the internal organs and an ensuing exit via the anal opening. This study provides a tool for visualizing colonization of A. salmonicida and other bacterial pathogens in fish.     

间接ELISA法研究嗜水气单胞菌对鳗鲡表皮黏液的黏附特性

采用间接ELISA法研究菌浓度、孵育时间、温度、pH、阳离子及碳源等因子对嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)黏附鳗鲡(Anguilla anguilla)表皮黏液的影响。结果表明, 改良后的间接ELISA法的检测灵敏度约为9.92×10⁴ CFU, 细菌的黏附量随菌浓度的升高而逐渐增大并符合饱和黏附动力学方程: y=0.135ln(x)-0.936(R²= 0.986); 嗜水气单胞菌黏附鳗鲡表皮黏液的最佳条件为: 温度20~28℃, pH 6.2~6.6, NaCl、MgCl₂质量浓度分别为15~25 g/L和3 g/L, 孵育时间为150 min。碳源对嗜水气单胞菌的黏附作用有不同程度的影响, 葡萄糖和麦芽糖能显著提高嗜水气单胞菌的黏附量(P<0. 05), 果糖则显著降低嗜水气单胞菌的黏附量(P<0. 05)。以上结果说明, 嗜水气单胞菌对鳗鲡表皮黏液具有较强的黏附作用, 且其黏附作用具有可控性。

     

口服嗜水气单胞菌生物被膜疫苗的动物免疫试验

将热灭活的嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonashydrophila)生物被膜(biofilm,BF)菌苗和浮游(freecell,FC)菌苗口服免疫小鼠和剑尾鱼,通过测定抗体效价、相对保护率、小鼠的淋巴细胞转化和肠道sIgA浓度,评价免疫效果。免疫20d后,BF菌苗组50尾剑尾鱼的相对保护率为68%;FC菌苗组为42%。BF菌苗组12只小鼠的相对保护率为70%;FC菌苗组为50%;对照组为17%。BF菌苗组小鼠外周血淋巴细胞转化率是7.28、FC菌苗组为3.87、对照组为2.36。BF菌苗组小鼠肠道sIgA浓度是1.22μg/mL;FC菌苗组为0.73μg/mL;对照组为0.465μg/mL。免疫30d后,小鼠的血清凝集抗体达到最高,BF组抗体达128:1,FC组为32:1,对照组为2:1。各组间差异显著(P<0.01)。结果表明,BF菌苗较FC菌苗能更有效地刺激机体的免疫系统,尤其是肠道淋巴组织的免疫应答,对剑尾鱼和小鼠具有较好的保护力。