Studies on the macromolecular components of nonwood available in Bangladesh

The structural feature of macromolecular component of dhaincha, cotton stalks, jute fiber, rice straw and wheat straw, which are commonly used in paper pulp production in forest deficient countries, was thoroughly studied. Lignin was isolated by classical Bjorkman method and characterized by elemental and methoxyl analysis, alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation, FTIR and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The C₉ formulas for cotton stalks, jute fiber, dhaincha, rice straw and wheat straw were C₉H_8.95O_3.53(OCH₃)_1.00, C₉H_8.12O_4.03(OCH₃)_1.65, C₉H_8.10O_4.65(OCH₃)_1.32, C₉H_8.58O_3.74(OCH₃)_1.23 and C₉H_8.31O_3.54(OCH₃)_1.23, respectively. The alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation products showed that syringyl to vanilin ratio of these nonwood varied from 1.1 to 2.9. Jute fiber showed the highest syringyl to vanilin ratio that are consistent with C₉ formula. The β-O-4 units in these nonwood lignins had predominately erythro stereochemistry type. The crystalline structure of these nonwood cellulose was also studied using X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy. The proportions of crystallinity, crystal size were varied from plant to plant. Jute fiber showed the highest proportion of crystallinity (73.4%) and crystal size (4.2 nm). The degree of polymerization of these nonwoods cellulose has also been studied. Degree of polymerization of jute cellulose was also the highest (3875). FTIR spectroscopy showed that these nonwoods cellulose was monoclinic unit cell structure (I_β). Carbohydrate analysis showed that the main sugar component in the hydrolyzates of these nonwoods were xylose apart from glucose.     

Antibacterial Activity of 2-(2′,4′-Dibromophenoxy)-4,6-dibromophenol from Dysidea granulosa

2-(2′,4′-Dibromophenoxy)-4,6-dibromophenol isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea granulosa (Bergquist) collected off the coast of Lakshadweep islands, Indian Ocean, exhibited potent and broad spectrum in-vitro antibacterial activity, especially against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), vancomycin resistant Enterococci (VRE), vancomycin sensitive Enterococci (VSE) and Bacillus spp. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated against 57 clinical and standard strains of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The observed MIC range was 0.117–2.5 μg/mL against all the Gram positive bacteria and 0.5–2 μg/mL against Gram negative bacteria. The in-vitro antibacterial activity observed was better than that of the standard antibiotic linezolid, a marketed anti-MRSA drug. The results establish 2-(2′,4′-dibromophenoxy)-4,6-dibromophenol, as a potential lead molecule for anti-MRSA and anti-VRE drug development.     

氮素形态对燕麦生长和根际pH值的影响

试验采用溶液培养的方法,研究了NO3^-—N和NH4^ —N2种不同形态氮素对燕麦营养生长、氮代谢及根际pH值的影响。结果表明：在NO3^-—N和NH4^ —N两种形态氮素同时存在的营养介质中,燕麦生长明显优于单一供应NH4^ —N或NO3^-—N处理,且植株生长量特别是根系生长量随着NO3^-—N在氮源中比例的提高而增加;燕麦吸收NO3^-—N和NH4^ —N会对根际pH值产生不同影响,吸收NO3^-—N时,根际pH值逐渐升高,而吸收NH4^—N却使根际pH值有所降低。     

杂交玉米“安单4号”高产栽培数学模型研究

运用4因素5水平二次正交回归旋转组合设计,对杂交杂交玉米"安单4号"产量与密度及N、P、K施用量间的关系进行研究,建立产量与各因素的数学模型:Y=808.41-5.97X1-1.07X2 1.07X3 16.91X4-35.34X12-12.69X22-26.24X32-17.42X42 10.56X1X2 9.24X1X3 11.12X1X4 1.18X2X3-16.95X2X4-9.52X3X4。并得出在安顺及相似生态条件下,"安单4号"产量≥600kg/667m2优化栽培措施为:密度3566～3634株/667m2,氮肥24.17～25.48kg/667m2,磷肥48.78～51.22kg/667m2,钾肥30.61～31.85kg/667m2。     

Improvement of Ramoplanin Production by Mutation and Medium Optimization

The aim of this work was to develop a mutation and selection procedure to select the high-yield strain, and this strain could alleviate the inhibition in the biosynthesis of ramoplanin caused by L-leucine. In this experiment, the strain Actinoplanes sp. C6-78-14 that produced 384.8 mg of total productivity per liter was isolated. Its ramoplanin productivity was 4.13-fold higher than that of the parent strain A ctinoplanes sp. C2-9-45. The subculture experiments showed that the hereditary character of C6-78-14 was stable. Subsequent media studies with strain Actinoplanes sp. C6-78-14 showed that adding 0.001% FeSO4· 7H2O, 0.001% CoCl2· 6H2O and 0.001% CuSO4· 5H2O to fermentation medium respectively could enhance the ramoplanin production, and the production of each group was increased by 10%, 15% and 20% compared with the control group.     

TLR4基因外显子Ⅲ|Bbv12 Ⅰ酶切位点多态性与奶牛乳房炎的相关分析

采用PCR-RFLP技术,对奶牛TLR4基因外显子Ⅲ321bp的部分序列进行多态性分析,结果发现扩增产物C到T突变处存在限制性内切酶Bbv12Ⅰ酶切位点,并且导致编码氨基酸由苏氨酸变为异亮氨酸。C、T等位基因在牛群中均有分布并且属于中度多态,C等位基因占优势。利用最小二乘拟合线性模型将基因型效应与奶牛乳房炎易感性进行关联分析,结果表明不同基因型奶牛的体细胞评分（SCS）表现出CC基因型〉CT基因型〉TT基因型的趋势,但运用SAS9．0软件统计不同基因型对体细胞评分的最小二乘均值没有显著性差异（P〉0．05）。     

豆粕中转基因成分检测方法的研究

从核酸和蛋白质两个角度对转基因豆粕及大豆原料进行了检测方法上的研究。设计并合成引物对转基因豆粕的内源基因lectin、CaMV35S启动子基因、NOS终止子和Cp4-epsps基因进行检测。应用ELISA的方法对不同含量的转基因蛋白及转基因豆粕进行检测,其检测的灵敏度可达到0.25%,但ELISA不适用于加工产品转基因成分的检测。Western杂交检测转基因豆粕及大豆,其检测极限达到0.5%。对于豆粕这样的加工产品,检测蛋白质及核酸两种方法结合使用,可使检测结果更为准确。     

米糠多糖对不同免疫状态雏鸡外周血CD4^＋和CD8^＋ T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

为探讨米糠多糖对不同免疫状态雏鸡免疫功能的调节作用机理,采用流式细胞技术检测了健康雏鸡、环磷酰胺处理雏鸡和人工感染传染性法氏囊病毒雏鸡在服用米糠多糖（剂量150 mg/（kg.d））和不服用米糠多糖情况下,外周血CD4^＋和CD8^＋T淋巴细胞亚群数量的动态变化。结果表明：米糠多糖能够提高健康雏鸡外周血CD4^＋T淋巴细胞比率,对CD8^＋T淋巴细胞作用不明显;能够提高环磷酰胺和传染性法氏囊病毒诱导免疫抑制雏鸡外周血中CD4^＋和CD8^＋T淋巴细胞数量。     

美洲大蠊对低免疫力小鼠免疫功能的影响

用环磷酰胺造低免疫力小鼠模型,再分别用低、中、高剂量的美洲大蠊粉给小鼠灌胃,研究虫粉对小鼠吞噬细胞的吞噬指数、血清溶血素含量、外周血CD4/CD8和免疫器官指数的影响,结果表明,高剂量虫粉组的血清溶血素含量和外周血CD4/CD8与模型对照组相比均有显著提高(P<0.05),中、高剂量虫粉组吞噬细胞的吞噬指数比模型对照组显著提高(P<0.05),说明美洲大蠊虫粉能提高低免疫力小鼠的免疫功能.     

下一代Internet发展综述——Internet的起源和发展

本文叙述了Internet的起源和发展,论述了IPV4和IPV6的关系,阐述了IPV4和IPV6的基本特征及应用状况.