几种乡土树种光合生理特性研究

采用美国LI—COR公司生产的LI—6400便携式光合测定系统对几种乡土树种的光合生理特性进行了研究。结果表明:①椿叶花椒、构树、臭椿和翅荚木的光补偿点分别为45.8、40.5、36.4和17.8μmol/(m2.s),光饱和点分别为607.3、624.9、573.4和373.8μmol/(m2.s),表观量子利用效率分别为0.055 7、0.046 6、0.044 1和0.047 0;②CO2补偿点分别为91.3、77.3、83.1和81.5μmol/mol,CO2饱和点分别为1 668.2、1 077.9、1 518.1和1 251.7μmol/mol,羧化效率分别为0.071 2、0.081 9、0.087 2和0.072 7;③4个树种的光合能力为椿叶花椒>构树>臭椿>翅荚木。     

超临界CO2萃取柚籽精油工艺条件的优化

采用超临界CO2萃取技术提取柚籽精油,研究了萃取时间、萃取压力、萃取温度及CO2流量等因素对柚籽精油得率的影响,进行最佳工艺优化;同时对柚籽精油的脂肪酸成分进行分析．结果表明,最佳工艺条件为：萃取压力35MPa、萃取温度40℃、CO2流量为16L·h^-1、萃取时间1h,精油得率达33．90％。气象色谱分析表明,柚籽精油中饱和脂肪酸占32．11％、不饱和脂肪酸占66．65％．     

二氧化碳输送管道工程设计的关键问题

CO2管道输送是碳捕集、利用和封存（CCUS）技术的重要环节,具有真正意义的长距离、大输量CO2管道在国内尚属空白。结合二氧化碳物性特点和国外二氧化碳输送管道建设经验,对国内二氧化碳输送管道工程设计在气源气体组分要求、输送相态的选择和控制、路由选择、阀室设计原则、地区等级划分、涂层选用、设备材料的密封性能、管材性能以及其他安全措施等方面进行了深入探讨,分别提出了切实可行的建议措施,指出编制适合中国国情的CO2输送管道的设计、建造、运营规范十分迫切。研究内容对于推动我国二氧化碳输送管道工程和CCUS技术的发展具有重要意义。（图1,表1,参7）     

感染性犬2型腺病毒全基因组克隆及鉴定

以犬 2型腺病毒 (canine adenovirus type- 2 ,CAV- 2 )自然弱毒株 YCA18基因组 DNA为模板 ,经 PCR扩增分别获得其双链两末端 10 13bp(U)和 972 bp(D)的 DNA序列 ,以首尾相接方式克隆入载体 p Poly2 ,获得重组质粒p Poly2 - UD。以 Hind 和 Bst B 双酶切 p Poly2 - UD,回收含载体和部分 U、D的大片段并与 CAV- 2 DNA共转化感受态 E.coli Sure TM,经菌体内同源重组 ,获得含有 CAV- 2全基因组序列的重组质粒 p Poly2 - CAV- 2。后者以 Cla 和 Asc 双酶切 ,释放 CAV- 2全基因组 ,通过脂质体介导转染 MDCK细胞 ,盲传 3代后重复转染 1次 ,4d后 ,出现腺病毒典型病变。细胞上清血凝效价为 1∶ 6 40 ,并可被 CAV- 2抗血清有效抑制。以上结果表明 ,本研究获得了具有感染性的CAV- 2全基因组重组质粒 ,为以 CAV- 2作为重组疫苗载体的系列研究奠定了重要基础。     

设施黄瓜膜下滴灌土壤中无机阴离子的运移和分布规律

试验在黄瓜定植后的不同时期分别从水平方向和垂直方向取土样并测定土壤中的无机阴离子含量,研究膜下滴灌方式下无机阴离子NO3-、SO42-和Cl-在土壤中的运移和分布规律。结果表明:在追肥时期,土壤中NO3-、SO42-和Cl-呈上升趋势,定植后40天测得土壤各层阴离子含量为整个生长期最高。定植40天以后不再向土壤中追施肥料,不同土层中的阴离子含量呈下降趋势。垂直方向,NO3-较快,最终3个土层中的NO3-含量基本相同;SO42-和Cl-开始下降幅度大,后变得缓慢。水平方向,距离滴头较远(10~15cm)土层中的阴离子含量较高。     

纳米Cs_2O/γ-Al_2O_3固体碱催化红麻籽油制备生物柴油

以纳米γ-Al2O3粉体为载体,应用等体积浸渍CH3COOCs制备Cs2O/γ-Al2O3催化剂,并通过TPD-CO2、XRD、TEM等手段对催化剂的碱性、结构和表面形貌进行表征,并将其用于催化红麻籽油制生物柴油反应.通过催化剂活性评价结果,分析了纳米固体超强碱制备过程及酯交换反应过程中各种因素的影响.结果表明,催化剂的粒径为10-25 nm,负载量为2mmol.g-1时,催化剂具有强碱性,其活性最好.甲醇与红麻籽油的摩尔比为9∶1,催化剂用量为油料的2.5%,反应时间3 h,转化率可达到90.7%.     

Intra‐annual changes in reproductive indices of male and female Himalayan snow trout,Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray, 1832)

Periodic changes in reproductive hormone levels, gonadal histology and gonadosomatic index (GSI) of snow trout, Schizothorax richardsonii, were examined to ascertain annual cycle of gonadal development and reproductive status in their natural habitat. In females, there were coherent changes in plasma 17β‐oestradiol and vitellogenin along with GSI, oocyte maturation and vitellogenic progression, collectively indicating two distinct maturation peaks during the months of September and February. Coinciding with this, in males, plasma 11‐keto testosterone was also noticeably higher during September and February, with highest GSI values in September. However, plasma 17α, 20β‐dihydroxyprogesterone levels in males were found to be persistently high from September to February. This observation suggests the potential presence of matured oozing males over a longer period, unlike in females. Overall, the close association between reproductive hormone levels, GSI and gonadal maturation stages in males and females (particularly, the presence of postovulatory follicle complexes) with apparent natural synchronization clearly indicates that S. richardsonii breeds twice in a year, possibly during late September to early November and late February to early April in the coldwater riverine habitats of the Indian Himalayan region.     

Antitumor and Antimicrobial Potential of Bromoditerpenes Isolated from the Red Alga,Sphaerococcus coronopifolius

Cancer and infectious diseases continue to be a major public health problem, and new drugs are necessary. As marine organisms are well known to provide a wide range of original compounds, the aim of this study was to investigate the bioactivity of the main constituents of the cosmopolitan red alga, Sphaerococcus coronopifolius. The structure of several bromoditerpenes was determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data. Five molecules were isolated and characterized which include a new brominated diterpene belonging to the rare dactylomelane family and named sphaerodactylomelol (1), along with four already known sphaerane bromoditerpenes (2–5). Antitumor activity was assessed by cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative assays on an in vitro model of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2 cells). Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against four pathogenic microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Compound 4 exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (IC₅₀ 6.35 µM) and compound 5 the highest anti-proliferative activity on HepG-2 cells (IC₅₀ 42.9 µM). The new diterpene, sphaerodactylomelol (1), induced inhibition of cell proliferation (IC₅₀ 280 µM) and cytotoxicity (IC₅₀ 720 µM) on HepG-2 cells and showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (IC₅₀ 96.3 µM).     

NO介导的Ca2+信号对渗透胁迫下紫花苜蓿幼苗光合特征及抗性的影响

以紫花苜蓿幼苗为材料,用聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)作为渗透介质人工模拟干旱条件,外源喷施NO供体硝普钠(SNP)、钙信号试剂CaCl₂、NO抑制剂亚甲基蓝(MB)和Ca²⁺通道阻断剂LaCl₃,对紫花苜蓿幼苗光合特征、抗氧化酶活性及过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶图谱进行研究,探讨了渗透胁迫下NO介导的Ca²⁺信号对紫花苜蓿幼苗光合作用及抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明:在渗透胁迫条件下,施加SNP、CaCl₂均能够有效缓解叶片叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素及总叶绿素含量降低,提高叶片净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)及气孔限制值(L_s),而对胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)没有缓解作用。SNP、CaCl₂及SNP+CaCl₂处理提高了幼苗叶片中抗氧化酶活性和脯氨酸含量,降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量。其中共处理时效果最为显著,第4天 SOD、POD、CAT活性较PEG处理升高了39.29%、30.41%和56.24%,脯氨酸含量增加了45.59%,MDA含量降低了45.59%。POD同工酶图谱在第4天时酶谱带数最多,POD活性最强,且SNP+CaCl₂共处理下出现新酶带。而添加外源NO的同时添加Ca²⁺通道阻断剂LaCl₃,紫花苜蓿幼苗光合速率、抗氧化酶活性及脯氨酸含量均降低,丙二醛含量增加,添加Ca²⁺信号的同时施加NO抑制剂MB也具有相同的作用,说明Ca²⁺信号参与NO信号转导过程并相互作用共同调节渗透胁迫下紫花苜蓿幼苗的生理应答响应。