免疫乳对断奶仔猪免疫功能的影响

[目的]研究免疫乳对断奶仔猪免疫功能的影响。[方法]将30头断奶仔猪随机分为3组,即抗大肠杆菌免疫乳组、抗沙门氏菌免疫乳组和对照组,10头/组,分别饲喂抗体滴度均为28抗大肠杆菌免疫乳、抗沙门氏菌免疫乳和普通常乳。饲喂方法为经口灌服,20ml/次,2次/d,持续2周。2周后,测定血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、IgA、IgM和IgG含量、血清抗体水平和淋巴细胞转化率。[结果]免疫乳能显著提高断奶仔猪血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、IgA、IgM和IgG的含量,血清中抗体水平以及淋巴细胞转化率（P〈0.05）。[结论]口服免疫乳可明显增强仔猪免疫力。     

‘浙油18’直播高产栽培机理的研究

利用正交试验设计,研究了直播栽培的播种期、密度和氮肥用量3个栽培因子对甘蓝型双低高油油菜‘浙油18’植株的主要经济性状和产量的影响.结果表明,播种期对‘浙油18’的株高、一次有效分枝数、单株有效角果数、每角果实粒数和千粒重有显著影响;种植密度对一次有效分枝数、单株有效角果数和每角果实粒数有显著影响;氮肥用量对有效分枝部位,三因子对其他经济性状影响不显著.根据极差和F测验,三因子对‘浙油18’产量影响依次为播种期＞定植密度＞氮肥用量.随着氮肥用量增加,产量先增后减,差异不显著.提早播种、适当增加密度,产量显著提高.     

PCR方法鉴别大家白蚁和台湾乳白蚁

本文分析了大家白蚁(Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren)和台湾乳白蚁(C.formosamus Shiraki)形态特征的相似性,并根据GenBank中两者12S rRNA基因序列设计了特异性引物for1、cur2和通用引物com3、com4,通过PCR方法鉴别确认了未知样品为台湾乳白蚁.该方法具有快速、简便、样品量少、准确等优点,适合用于大家白蚁和台湾乳白蚁的鉴别.     

Emended descriptions of indole negative and indole positive isolates of Brachyspira (Serpulina) hyodysenteriae

Two type/reference strains of Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae, 14 Belgian and German indole negative, and 14 Belgian, German and Swedish indole positive field isolates of strongly β-haemolytic intestinal spirochaetes were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns, biochemical reaction patterns, 16S rDNA sequences and MIC determinations of six antibacterial substances. Three tests for indole production, including a spot indole test, were compared with congruent results. All field isolates were classified as B. hyodysenteriae due to a high genetic and phenotypic similarity with the type strains. The Belgian and German indole negative isolates had identical and unique PFGE patterns for the tested restriction enzymes MluI and SalI, as well as identical 16S rDNA sequences, and they could not be differentiated by any of the methods used. Seven unique PFGE patterns were achieved from the 14 indole positive field isolates. The patterns were identical and unique for epidemiologically related isolates. Type/reference strains and isolates without known relation to other tested isolates showed unique banding patterns. The MICs of tylosin, tiamulin, erythromycin, clindamycin, carbadox and virginiamycin were determined in broth for all isolates. In contrast to Belgian and German isolates, the majority of the Swedish field isolates were susceptible to tylosin, erythromycin and clindamycin. Probable pathways of infection for some of the Swedish isolates were determined. The PFGE patterns of epidemic clones of B. hyodysenteriae remained stable for a period of up to 8 years. In vivo development of resistance to macrolide and lincosamide antibiotics due to use of tylosin was clearly indicated for two epidemic clones.     

5株海洋微藻伴生细菌的分离鉴定与功能分析

[目的]研究水产养殖中常用的4种海洋微藻在粗放培养过程中所伴生的主要细菌。[方法]采用平板涂布的方法成功分离到5株可培养的海洋细菌,利用16S rRNA基因序列的通用引物对单克隆菌落进行PCR扩增,所得PCR产物经测序和Genbank比对后,采用邻位相接法构建了系统进化树,并对其种属关系进行了分析。[结果]研究表明,5株海洋细菌分属于α-proteobacteria和γ-proteobacteria两大类别。根据16S rRNA基因序列的种属关系分析,5株海洋细菌分属于Porphyrobacter、Devosia、Ponticoccus、Marinobacter和Roseobacter5个属。根据其相近种的生理生化特征推断,这些伴生细菌在分解微藻胞外产物为微藻提供无机营养盐和分泌促生长因子促进微藻的生长等方面可能发挥着重要作用。[结论]在实际的微藻饵料培养过程中,应注意保留这些有益的伴生细菌。     

基于28S rDNA序列的2种飞虱内生真菌多样性研究

飞虱是农业的重要害虫之一,其体内存在大量共生菌,它们为寄主提供氨基酸、固醇类物质以及蛋白质等多种营养成分,保证飞虱的正常生长和繁殖。利用对飞虱内生真菌28S rDNA基因克隆和序列比对分析的方法,首次对烟翅白背飞虱Sogatella Kolophon和长绿飞虱Saccharosydne procerus体内内生真菌的多样性进行研究。结果显示,烟翅白背飞虱腹部脂肪体内可能存在4种内生真菌,其中热带假丝酵母Candida tropicalis为优势共生菌;长绿飞虱可能存在6种内生真菌,其中担子菌酵母Derxomyces anomala和泡状莫氏黑粉菌Moesziomyces bullatus系为飞虱首次发现。另外,在这2种飞虱体内均发现了一种与白地霉 Galactomyces geotrichum相似度为99%的内生真菌,这也是该菌在飞虱体内的首次报道。本研究为以后探讨内生真菌与其宿主的进化关系及探索利用内生菌防治飞虱害虫奠定了基础。     

沼气发酵液中一株酵母菌菌株的鉴定与系统发育分析

从沼气发酵液中分离到一株酵母菌,根据形态学特征、生理生化特征和分子生物学方法对其进行了鉴定.克隆了该菌的18S rDNA序列(GenBank接受号:EU784644)和5.8S-ITS rDNA序列(GenBank接受号:EU784645)并进行测序,结果表明18S rDNA全长1739bp,5.8S-ITS rDNA全长569bp.以5.8S-ITS rDNA序列同源性为基础构建了相关属种的系统发育树,结果表明CXF-1与季也蒙毕赤酵母(Pichia guilliermondii)处于同一进化分支中,相似性达99.6%,因此将该菌鉴定为季也蒙毕赤酵母(Pichia guilliermondii).     

Pretreatment of hypertonic saline attenuates the hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury induced by neutrophils

AIM: To explore the effect of the pretreatment of hypertonic saline (HTS) in hepatic ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury.METHODS: The rats were divided into sham group (sham group), ischemia reperfusion group (IR group) and pretreatment of hypertonic saline group (HTS group). Partial hepatic ischemia reperfusion model was used. The rats were sacrificed at the time of 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after reperfusion in each group, respectively. Blood samples were obtained to examine ALT. The expression of the CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1) on the neutrophils was analyzed by flow cytometry. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to examine the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in livers and chromatometry was performed to detect the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in livers. The morphology of hepatocytes and the structure of sinusoid were observed by histological examinations. RESULTS: ① HTS pretreatment decreased the level of ALT at the time points of 3 h, 6 h and 12 h after reperfusion (P<0.05). ② Mac-1 expression in HTS group was lower at 6 h and 12 h after reperfusion compared with IR group (P<0.05). ③ MPO activity in HTS group was lower at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h compared with IR group (P<0.05). ④ RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis indicated that the pretreatment of HTS inhibited the expression of ICAM-1 in livers after reperfusion. ⑤ Moderate hepatocyte swelling and few neutrophil infiltration were observed in HTS group.CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with HTS has the effect on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibiting the expression of Mac-1 on circulating neutrophils and the expression of ICAM-1 in the liver.     

基于"3S"技术的阿坝县退牧还草工程效益监测

应用“3S”技术(GIS、RS、GPS)为主要手段,辅以地面路线调查,通过建立遥感与地面数据的数学模型反演地面信息而进行了阿坝县退牧还草工程的遥感监测,并对工程实施情况、工程建设效益进行了评价。为进一步开展草原资源与生态动态监测和草原生态建设工程效益评价与监测等工作提供了技术模式。     

猪IL-18在毕赤酵母中分泌表达条件的优化

采用PCR方法从pGEM-IL-18重组质粒中亚克隆出IL-18基因并完成了真核融合表达载体pPIC9K-IL-18的构建和IL-18在毕赤酵母中的表达,在此基础上从发酵时间、不同诱导型、pH值、诱导剂量和接种量等方面对重组基因工程菌的摇瓶发酵条件进行了优化,进一步探索了酵母菌表达猪IL-18的发酵工艺.结果表明,摇瓶发酵时,诱导最佳时间为72 h,甲醇最适浓度为20 g/L,最适pH范围为6.0~8.0,最适接种量1∶1.与单纯甲醇诱导相比,甘油/甲醇诱导后的表达量明显提高.