外源水杨酸对盐胁迫下非洲菊抗氧化酶活性和生理特性的影响(英文)

以非洲菊(Gerbera jamesonii L.)品种Amaretto'为试材,研究外源水杨酸(SA)对缓解非洲菊生殖生长期因盐胁迫引起的过氧化伤害作用.在开花前分别用0、0.5和1.0mmol L-1SA对非洲菊植株进行预处理,3d后用100mmol L-1NaCl灌溉,持续2周;对照植株未经NaCl和SA处理.结果表明:盐胁迫处理后,叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性增加,丙二醛(MDA)含量、电解质外渗率和脯氨酸含量提高;外源SA预处理显著降低了盐胁迫植株叶片的MDA含量和电解质外渗率;在外源0.5mmol L-1SA预处理后,植株SOD和POD活性分别是对照的1.4倍和2.4倍;SA预处理后与植株耐盐性相关的生理生化指标呈显著相关,以0.5mmol L-1SA处理增强植株盐胁迫耐性的效果更好.说明外源SA处理能够诱导盐胁迫下非洲菊植株的抗氧化反应,水杨酸将是一种提高园艺作物耐盐性的有效物质.     

Valuing Potential Benefits of Research into the Biological Control of Californian Thistle （Cirsium arvense）： A Bioeconomic Model

The present research developed a bioeconomic model for control of Californian thistle （Cirsium arvense L. Scop.） in intensive, lowland sheep pastures in New Zealand. Production costs included two control methods： herbicides and defoliation, with defoliation encompassing both physical means and biocontrol measures. The model was used to examine the economic value of a research programme into biological control of the weed, given several different future scenarios. These scenarios were high herbicide prices, a price premium for lamb raised without chemical herbicides, and development of herbicide resistance. The model results were used to estimate national impacts. If the only change in the agricultural sector was the cost of the biocontrol to the nation＇s farmers, the research programme to find an effective biocontrol agent had little economic impact. If other factors changed, such as the price of petroleum or levels of herbicide resistance in the weed. the model＇s results suggested that intensive sheep farming could grow or shrink by as much as NZ$219 million dollars over five years. In the latter case, having an alternative control method reduced potential losses and increased potential gains, resulting in a net benefit of between NZ$81 million and NZ$153 million. This work extended prior research in several ways. First. Californian thistle reproduces via root buds, which affected the modelling of weed behaviour. Secondly, the model allowed optimistation over continuous levels of weed control for two different methods. Thirdly, the model accounted for both weed control and damage to nitrogen-fixing clover from herbicide use. Finally, the research investigated optimal weed control in several different alternative future states.     

乙酰水杨酸对增强UV-B辐射下长春花光合作用及抗氧化酶活性的影响

为探讨乙酰水杨酸(ASA)对增强UV-B辐射条件下长春花光合功能的调控作用,以长春花幼苗为试材,喷施一定浓度的乙酰水杨酸溶液,测定其在UV-B辐射增强下叶绿素含量、光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数、MDA含量及抗氧化酶活性的变化,结果表明:UV-B辐射降低了长春花叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)、实际光化学效率(φpsⅡ)及光合电子传递速率(ETR),提高了类胡萝卜素的含量和非光化学猝灭系数(qN).UV-B辐射引起了长春花叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量增加,超氧化物歧化酶(S()D)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性升高,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性降低.2 mg/L的乙酰水杨酸处理则降低了UV-B辐射胁迫下上述指标的变化幅度.分析认为,乙酰水杨酸可能直接或间接地通过清除02-.而使类囊体膜保持完整及光合色素免受Uv-B的伤害,进而使PSⅡ维持较高的光化学活性和电子传递速率,这可能是乙酰水杨酸提高增强UV-B辐射下长春花光合速率的内在原因.     

猪抗酶基因1(AZ1)5’调控区单核甘酸多态性与屠宰性状的相关性分析

通过PCR-RFLP方法检测了长白与蓝塘猪F2代群体抗酶基因1(AZ1)5’调控区-792～-433单核苷酸多态性,共获得3个SNP:-731C＞T,-584A＞C和-476G＞A.-713位点处T为优势等位基因,频率为0.777,优势基因型TT频率为0.598;-584位点处A为优势等位基因,频率为0.769,优势基...     

模拟酸雨对白菜种子萌发·幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响

[目的]研究模拟酸雨对白菜种子萌发、幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响。[方法]测定了不同pH值（2.5、3.0、4.0、5.0和6.5）酸雨条件下白菜种子发芽率、幼苗根长和苗长及幼苗根系抗氧化酶的活性。[结果]随pH值的下降,白菜种子的发芽率、幼苗根长、苗长及幼苗根系抗氧化酶活性均呈降低趋势,受到不同程度的抑制。[结论]为进一步开展酸化环境对蔬菜生长发育的胁迫机理研究和筛选出对酸雨有高抗性的蔬菜种类奠定了基础。     

抗草甘膦菌种的分离鉴定与生长特性的研究

从生产草甘膦的化工厂污水处理池中分离得到草甘膦抗性菌种(Z-1).Z-1可以在以草甘膦为唯一碳源和氮源的无机盐培养基上生长,其草甘膦耐受性达到了1000mg/L.并检测了LB培养基和草甘膦基础培养基中NaCl浓度和pH值对Z-1菌生长的影响.在草甘膦基础培养基中加入葡萄糖可以加快菌种降解草甘膦的速率.根据菌体特征和分子...     

镉胁迫对青菜生长和抗氧化系统的影响

[目的]了解镉胁迫对青菜生长的抑制作用。[方法]以青菜品种苏州青为材料,采用盆栽试验研究不同土壤镉浓度对青菜生长和抗氧化系统的影响。[结果]较高浓度（〉25 mg/kg）镉胁迫下青菜生长受到明显抑制,叶片抗氧化能力显著降低,使植株遭受严重的氧化胁迫,膜脂质过氧化加剧,膜透性加重;低浓度镉对青菜的生长影响不显著,但叶片镉含量显著提高。[结论]青菜对镉胁迫具有一定的抗性,在镉污染土壤中种植青菜供食用存在较高的安全风险。     

籼型水稻三系不育系广抗13A抗稻瘟病基因的鉴定与分离

稻瘟病是一种由稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe grisea(Hebert)Barr引起的水稻病害,该病严重影响水稻的产量和质量。实践证明,选育和种植抗瘟品种是防治稻瘟病最经济、有效和安全的措施。因此,开展稻瘟病抗性遗传和育种研究具有十分重要的意义。前人在稻瘟病抗性的遗传分析方面做了较为深入的研究,Mackill等培育     

链霉菌702抗尖孢镰刀菌次级代谢产物的分离鉴定及活性研究

从链霉菌702代谢产物中分离纯化抗尖孢镰刀菌的活性成分.以抗尖孢镰刀菌活性为导向,采用多种色谱分离技术对活性成分进行分离纯化,并对其理化性质和波谱学数据进行测定和综合解析,鉴定其化学结构.结果从链霉菌702代谢产物中分离得到1个多烯大环内酯化合物,经鉴定为制霉色基素(Fungichromin),该化合物具有显著的抗尖孢...     

长白山红松阔叶林主要树种树皮抗火性的分析与排序

应用因子分析法对长白山红松阔叶林8种乔木树皮的5种性状进行统计分析,得出了树皮抗火性顺序.对树皮抗火性由强到弱的排序为:春榆(胸径52.9 cm)、紫椴(胸径13.5 cm)、蒙古栎(胸径82.8cm)、色木槭(胸径32.5 cm)、水曲柳(胸径31.0 cm)、白牛槭(胸径13.5 cm)、色木槭(胸径34.2 cm...