患红体病凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺NAGase基本性质的改变研究

[目的]为虾养殖过程中红体病的诊断和控制提供重要的理论依据。[方法]分别测定健康和患红体病的凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vanname）的肝胰腺N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（EC3.2.1.52,NAGase）的比活力及其性质差异。[结果]2种来源NAGase的比活力、基本酶学性质等均存在差异。对虾患红体病后,肝胰腺NAGase的比活力和最适温度下降,但催化反应动力学常数Km、Vm值和活化能上升。[结论]该研究表明NAGase与对虾患病可能存在着密切关系。     

夹竹桃花挥发油的GC-MS分析及β-葡萄糖苷酶对夹竹桃花的增香和豚鼠离体子宫平滑肌的作用

目的:建立夹竹桃花挥发油GC-MS的色谱分离鉴定方法,分析夹竹桃花挥发油的化学成分和对豚鼠离体子宫平滑肌的作用。方法:采用挥发油提取器提取夹竹桃花挥发油,以GC-MS法进行分析鉴定,建立了豚鼠离体子宫模型。结果:分别从无酶和有酶的夹竹桃花挥发油提取物中确证了58和57个化合物,挥发油对豚鼠离体子宫平滑肌有收缩作用。结论:对夹竹桃的挥发油化学成分进行了比较分析结果表明,β-葡萄糖苷酶对夹竹桃花有较弱增香作用,也能增加豚鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩。     

小麦蛋白磷酸酶2A调节亚基基因TaBβ-1的克隆及其在非生物胁迫下的表达特性

【目的】克隆小麦蛋白磷酸酶2A(PP2A)调节亚基(PR55)基因TaBβ-1,分析其在非生物胁迫下的表达特性,为小麦抗逆育种提供候选基因。【方法】以小麦品种旱选10号为材料,通过电子克隆和RT-PCR获得TaBβ-1的全长cDNA序列,采用生物信息学软件分析TaBβ-1及其编码蛋白TaBβ-1的序列特征,预测其功能,利用实时荧光定量PCR(real-time quantitative PCR)技术分析该基因在小麦孕穗期不同组织中、不同生育时期新叶中的表达情况,以及在PEG、NaCl、低温及外源激素ABA等非生物胁迫下的表达模式,检测不同水分条件下成株期转基因拟南芥的叶片细胞膜稳定性。【结果】获得TaBβ-1的全长cDNA序列1931bp,其开放阅读框(ORF)为1539bp。该基因编码512个氨基酸,预测TaBβ-1蛋白分子量为57.1kD,等电点为5.87,含有PP2A调节亚基的1个CDC55保守结构域、1个alpha/beta结构域、2个PR55保守结构域和6个WD重复子。TaBβ-1在小麦孕穗期的根、穗、叶中均有表达,表达量依次为根穗叶;在不同生育时期的新叶中,苗期叶片的表达量最高。TaBβ-1的表达明显受PEG、NaCl、低温以及外源ABA的诱导。【结论】小麦蛋白磷酸酶2A调节亚基家族基因TaBβ-1在小麦苗期叶片中的表达量明显高于根、穗以及其它时期的叶片;TaBβ-1参与对高渗、高盐、低温等多种胁迫以及ABA处理的应答反应,但表达模式不同;在水分胁迫条件下,转基因拟南芥比野生型具有较高的细胞膜稳定性。     

Aβ1-42淀粉样蛋白在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达

本研究中用融合标签技术通过单质粒转化和双质粒转化分别促进Aβ1-42淀粉样蛋白的可溶性表达。构建重组载体pET（yd-b42）、pET（Msb-b42）、pET（Od-b42）、pAY-sls[ydb42]、pAY-sls[tydb42],并在大肠杆菌中表达,通过SDS-PAGE验证分析。标签yd、Msb、Od、tyd都能很好的促进Aβ1-42淀粉样蛋白可溶性表达,其中yd、tyd的促溶效果最好。Aβ1-42淀粉样蛋白能在大肠杆菌中可溶性表达。为阿尔茨海默病的治疗提供进一步理论基础。     

β-氨基丁酸诱导水稻稻瘟病抗性对活性氧代谢的影响(英文)

[Objective] This study was to understand the effects of β-Amino butyric acid(abbreviated as BABA) induced rice blast resistance on reactive oxygen metabolism. [Method] Using the cultivar Chaochan 2 that is highly susceptible to disease as experimental material, the changes of catalase(CAT), and superoxide dismutase(SOD) and MDA activities in rice treated by BABA were investigated. [Result] In rice plants treated by BABA, the activities of CAT and SOD increased, meanwhile the MDA content also rose to some extent, resulting in the disease resistance to rice blast. [Conclusion] By influencing reactive oxygen metabolism, BABA endows rice plants with resistance to rice blast. BABA is safe to environment and has highly resistance-inducing capacity, it could be generalized in production.     

RATIO OF CALCIUM TO MAGNESIUM INFLUENCES BIOMASS,ELEMENTAL ACCUMULATIONS,AND PIGMENT CONCENTRATIONS IN KALE

Producers use elemental ratios, such as calcium (Ca): magnesium (Mg), in fertility programs to ensure sufficient nutrient uptake. Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala D.C.) accumulates high levels of carotenoids which can be beneficial for human health. Objectives were to determine the influence of Ca:Mg fertilization on 1) biomass, 2) essential nutrients, and 3) carotenoids in kale leaf tissues. ‘Redbor’ kale was greenhouse-grown in solution culture. Ca:Mg ratio treatments were 9:1, 6:1, 3:1, 1:3, 1:6, and 1:9. Ca:Mg ratio significantly affected biomass, nutrient accumulation, and carotenoids. Plant biomass decreased linearly (P ≤ 0.001) and β-carotene, lutein, neoxanthin, and antheraxanthin all increased, then decreased quadratically (P ≤ 0.001) as the ratio of Ca:Mg changed from 9:1 to 1:9. Ca:Mg ratio also affected leaf tissue Ca, Mg, potassium (K), sulfur (S), boron (B), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn). Results indicate that producers wishing to maximize elemental uptake and carotenoid content of kale need to consider the ratio of Ca:Mg in their fertility programs.     

β-葡聚糖酶降解茯苓多糖的效应

以资源丰富且多糖含量高的茯苓为原料,以茯苓多糖的提取得率为指标,通过酶促降解的单因子试验、正交实验及验证试验,研究了β-葡聚糖酶对茯苓多糖的降解效应,优化筛选了β-葡聚糖酶降解茯苓多糖的技术参数.结果表明:反应温度55℃、时间90 min、pH 5.5、酶浓度6.5％是β-葡聚糖酶降解茯苓多糖的最优技术参数,在该参数条件下,应用β-葡聚糖酶提取茯苓多糖的得率为13.31％,对茯苓多糖的高值化利用具有较好的参考指导价值.     

不结球白菜感染菌核病后4个生理生化指标分析

选用4个对菌核病具有不同抗性的不结球白菜品种003-R-6、Y3-R-4、109-S-9和003-S-7为试验材料,于四叶一心期接种核盘菌,采用苗期琼脂块叶片接种法测定各品种对菌核病的抗性,并分别测定接种前后叶片中4个生理生化指标。结果表明,苗期琼脂块叶片接种法与田间自然诱发鉴定结果相一致,可有效反映抗、感品种的差异。在核盘菌影响下,4个抗、感病品种中不结球白菜的丙二醛(MDA)含量、游离氨基酸(FAA)总量、几丁质酶活性和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性均有所变化。其中丙二醛(MDA)含量、游离氨基酸(FAA)总量表现为感病品种增加幅度大于抗病品种,而几丁质酶活性、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性均表现为抗病品种增加幅度大于感病品种,说明各指标与品种抗病性强弱存在一定的相关性。     

Induction of defense response of Oryza sativa L. against Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Sacc. by treating seeds with chitosan and hydrolyzed chitosan

Seeds of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were treated with chitosan and hydrolyzed chitosan at 100, 500 and 1000 mg L⁻¹. After 18 days of germination, spore suspension of Pyricularia grisea was applied. The enzyme activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, β-1-3-glucanase, chitinase and chitosanase in leaves of rice seedlings was evaluated after 24, 72, 120 and 168 h of inoculation. Blast affected area (%) was evaluated 7 and 14 days after spraying spore suspension. Chitosan performance to elicit defense response induction was associated with the concentration and type of chitosan. The activity of most of the enzymes tested was induced in leaves of treated seeds with chitosan and hydrolyzed chitosan at 1000 and 500 mg L⁻¹, respectively. The highest enzyme activities were observed with hydrolyzed chitosan after 72 h however, compared to chitosan, the activity was not maintained during the entire post-inoculation period. The highest control (0 = no lesions) of P. grisea in rice seedlings was observed at 1000 mg L⁻¹ in both chitosan and hydrolyzed chitosan treated leaves. Symptoms of infection by P. grisea were evident after 14 days evaluation date, but according to the standard scale proposed by the International Rice Research Institute, these symptoms fell into the resistance category of blast diseases.     

3种啤酒酵母细胞壁中β-（1,3）-D葡-聚糖提取方法的比较

[目的]为提取β-（1,3）-D葡-聚糖寻求一种好的方法。[方法]以啤酒酵母为原料,分别用碱法、酸碱法和酶碱法对酵母细胞壁中的β-葡聚糖进行提取。[结果]与碱法、酸碱法相比,酶碱法效果最好,提取的多糖含量达73.67%,而碱法和酸碱法提取的多糖含量分别为49.87%和59.63%;用3种不同方法提取的产品蛋白质含量酶碱法最少,为8.16%,而碱法和酸碱法分别为15.28%和12.43%,杂质蛋白质含量远远超过了酶碱法。[目的]酶解法提取酵母细胞壁中的β-葡聚糖效果较好。