糯米糍荔枝叶片矿质养分含量充足范围的确定

对深圳市4个典型丰产园糯米糍荔枝叶片7种矿质养分(氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、锌和硼)含量的统计分析表明:采样地点和生育时期均对叶片营养元素含量有显著的影响。四个关键生育时期(末次秋梢老熟期、花芽形态分化期、谢花期和果实成熟期)的单株样与混合(多株)样的供试矿质养分含量之间大部分没有显著差异。本研究根据丰产园糯米糍荔枝叶片混合样的分析结果提出了7种矿质养分的充足含量范围。     

温度对酸性草酸-草酸铵溶液浸提土壤无定形铁的影响

以下蜀黄土为试材,研究温度对酸性草酸-草酸铵缓冲溶液浸提土壤无定形铁的影响。结果表明:随着浸提温度的升高,铁的浸提量明显增加。30℃浸提出的铁约为20℃的1.57倍;而50℃浸提出的铁约为20℃的4.43倍。随温度的升高,浸提后土壤残渣的磁化率迅速降低。20℃浸提后残渣的磁化率值比原样略有减少;30℃浸提后残渣的磁化率约为原样的93.6%;50℃浸提后残渣的磁化率只有原样的65.3%。这说明随着温度的升高,以磁性矿物为代表的结晶态铁也被溶解,浸提出的铁其实已不仅是无定形铁。因此,用酸性草酸铵浸提无定形铁时,严格控制20℃的反应温度十分关键。     

蝴蝶兰类圆球茎的化学诱变试验

用不同浓度的甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)和叠氮化钠(NaN3)对蝴蝶兰类圆球茎(PLB)作不同时间处理。结果显示:EMS和NaN3均可使部分PLB白化或褐化并逐渐致死。0.4%EMS接近PLB半致死剂量。PLB切片观察发现:用EMS和NaN3处理均可使细胞体积增大,细胞形状改变,细胞质浓缩。较高浓度NaN3处理的PLB细胞中出现晶体物质、双核、畸形核和核仁丢失等现象。较高浓度EMS处理的PLB细胞中出现微核、畸形核、多核、核破裂和核仁丢失等现象。同浓度的同种诱变剂随处理时间的增加材料的变异程度有增大趋势,但不很显著。EMS比NaN3的诱变处理效果好。0.5%EMS可作为创造蝴蝶兰PLB突变体的参考浓度。     

Molecular characterization and PCR detection of a nitrogen-fixing Pseudomonas strain promoting rice growth

Nitrogen-fixing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) from the genus Pseudomonas have received little attention so far. In the present study, a nitrogen-fixing phytohormone-producing bacterial isolate from kallar grass (strain K1) was identified as Pseudomonas sp. by rrs (16S ribosomal RNA gene) sequence analysis. rrs identity level was high with an uncharacterized marine bacterium (99%), Pseudomonas sp. PCP2 (98%), uncultured bacteria (98%), and Pseudomonas alcaligenes (97%). Partial nifH gene amplified from strain K1 showed 93% and 91% sequence similarities to those of Azotobacter chroococcum and Pseudomonas stutzeri, respectively. The effect of Pseudomonas strain K1 on rice varieties Super Basmati and Basmati 385 was compared with those of three non-Pseudomonas nitrogen-fixing PGPR (Azospirillum brasilense strain Wb3, Azospirillum lipoferum strain N4 and Zoogloea strain Ky1) used as single-strain inoculants. Pseudomonas sp. K1 was detected in the rhizosphere of inoculated plants by enrichment culture in nitrogen-free growth medium, which was followed by observation under the microscope as well as by PCR using a rrs-specific primer. For both rice varieties, an increase in shoot biomass and/or grain yield over that of noninoculated control plants was recorded in each inoculated treatment. The effect of Pseudomonas strain K1 on grain yield was comparable to those of A. brasilense Wb3 and Zoogloea sp. Ky1 for both rice varieties. These results show that nitrogen-fixing pseudomonads deserve attention as potential PGPR inoculants for rice.     

pH对砖红壤和黄棕壤Cu~(2+)吸附与解吸的影响

对砖红壤和黄棕壤在不同浓度、不同pH下吸附和解吸Cu2+进行了测定。结果表明, 2种土壤Cu2+吸附量均随平衡液中Cu2+浓度增加而增大,两者关系较好地符合Langmuir吸附方程。Cu2+吸附量随pH升高而增加,Cu2+分配系数的对数与pH呈极显著的线性正相关,吸附一个Cu2+所释放H+的平均数砖红壤(1. 19)大于黄棕壤(1. 01)。可解吸Cu2+的数量随pH升高和吸附Cu2+的数量增加而增加,在pH4~6下,黄棕壤吸附Cu2+及可解吸Cu2+的比例(平均为10. 5% )大于砖红壤(平均为3. 1% )。由此认为, 2种土壤吸附Cu2+虽以专性吸附为主,但砖红壤的表面吸附点位较少,专性吸附点位的比例较高,对Cu2+的亲和性或专性吸附性大于黄棕壤。     

Growth Characteristics of Tea Plants and Tea Fields in Japan

In 12th century, the Buddhist priest Eisai brought tea ( Camellia sinensis L.) seeds to Japan from China and now tea plants are cultivated all over Japan except in the Hokkaido and Tohoku districts. The quality (reflected in the price) of Japanese green tea is affected by the nitrogen content. Consequently in tea fields, for last three decades large amounts of fertilizer have been applied to produce high quality tea. As a result, problems such as acidification of soil have been caused. It is also known that the growth of tea plants is stimulated by the addition of aluminum (Al) under acidic conditions. In this keynote address, some problems caused by excess applications of fertilizer in tea fields and the growth characteristics of tea plants related to Al are presented.     

Anarwia工艺处理猪场废水节能效果的研究

分析比较了厌氧-加原水-间隙曝气(Anarwia)工艺、SBR(序批式反应器)以及厌氧-SBR工艺处理猪场废水的效果。比较三种工艺处理效果表明：厌氧-SBR工艺处理猪场废水，污染物去除效率低，出水污染物浓度高，不适于猪场废水的处理。Anarwia工艺处理效果与SBR工艺相当，污染物去除率高，出水COD和NH₃-N浓度低。在此基础上，以一个日处理1200 t猪场废水处理工程为例，分析比较了Anarwia与SBR工艺的能耗。就能量消耗有关的工艺参数——污泥量和需氧量而言，Anarwia工艺分别比SBR工艺减少16.4%和95.9%，此外Anarwia工艺每天可产生2784 m³沼气。Anarwia工艺增加了废水提升能耗，但减少了曝气、污泥处理、滗水和搅拌的能耗，结果Anarwia工艺总电耗比SBR工艺低81.0%。Anarwia工艺产生的沼气用于发电能完全补偿消耗的能量，并有剩余。     

不同动物部分组织基因组甲基化程度的差异分析

应用甲基敏感扩增多态性(MSAP)技术,检测和分析了猪、牛、羊、小鼠、鸡和鸭基因组的甲基化程度。结果表明,对CCGG位点,实验中检测的几种动物的甲基化程度多数在0.40￣0.50之间(不包括牛);不同动物来源相同组织基因组的甲基化程度不同,相同动物不同组织基因组的甲基化模式具有特异性;同一种动物,组织基因组的甲基化程度一般都高于血液基因组;另外,哺乳动物与禽类基因组甲基化程度未发现较大的差别,但哺乳动物基因组全甲基化位点较多,半甲基化位点较少。     

在大肠杆菌内高效表达大分子量拟蜘蛛牵丝蛋白

依据已报道的蜘蛛(Nephilaclavipes)牵丝蛋白部分cDNA序列,设计合成两种不同结构的拟蜘蛛牵丝蛋白基因单体,大小分别为360和390bp。多聚化得到8倍体和16倍体后,克隆到表达载体pET-30a,得到4种表达载体,转化大肠杆菌(Escherichiacoli)BL21(DE3)诱导表达。用自制的抗蜘蛛牵丝蛋白血清Westernblot检测,表达产物呈梯度排列,主带与预计大小一致。蜘蛛牵丝蛋白表达量最高为800mg/L。     

断奶前后仔猪十二指肠、空肠和回肠SGLT1 mRNA表达的变化及半胱胺的影响

研究断奶前后仔猪十二指肠、空肠和回肠SGLT1mRNA表达丰度的变化,并同时观察半胱胺对其表达的影响,从分子水平探讨半胱胺对断奶仔猪葡萄糖吸收的影响与可能的机制。新生仔猪随机分为对照组和实验组,12日龄(D12)起对照组饲喂基础乳猪料,实验组在基础乳猪料中添加120mg/kg半胱胺,两组仔猪均于35日龄断奶,每组分别于断奶前1周、断奶当天、断奶后3d、1周以及断奶后10d随机选取仔猪各6头,宰杀后采集十二指肠、空肠和回肠粘膜,采用RT-PCR方法测定钠-葡萄糖共转运载体1(sodium-glucosecotransporter1,SGLT1)mRNA表达的相对丰度。结果表明,回肠SGLT1mRNA的表达量最高,空肠其次,十二指肠最低;SGLT1mRNA在不同肠段的表达呈现截然不同的发育模式,十二指肠SGLT1mRNA表达量在45d显著上升(P<0.05),而空肠则在42和45d时显著下降(P<0.01),回肠SGLT1mRNA表达在整个实验期间无显著变化;此外,日粮添加半胱胺显著提高38d十二指肠以及42和45d空肠SGLT1mRNA表达,而对回肠SGLT1mRNA表达无显著影响。小肠SGLT1mRNA表达以及日粮添加半胱胺促进SGLT1mRNA表达的作用均呈现时空特异性规律。