钢质渔船的腐蚀研究

本文根据对实船测厚数据的统计分析,阐述了钢质渔船船体外板的腐蚀特点,分析了造成腐蚀的原因,并对渔船易腐部位的防护提出了建议。     

牦牛血清氟含量测定

采用氟离子选择电极对３７头青海牦牛血清氟含量进行测定，结果为０．０１５±０．００７（０．００５－０．０２６）ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ。同时还对该方法的准确度、精密度做了检测。     

岔路黑猪的选育及其杂交利用

岔路黑猪是浙江省优良的地方猪种之一，在宁海县繁育已有300余年历史，具有繁殖率高、适应性强、肉质细嫩美等优良特性，经选育，岔路黑猪Ⅰ系、Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2产仔数（经产）分别达到15.18、15.19、15.23头；60日龄窝重分别达150.72、190.60、183.92kg;Ⅰ系、Ⅱ125－75kg段肥育猪日增重分别达482、590g，料肉比分别为4.15、3.79;75kg肥育猪瘦肉率为46.44%、53.34%，杂交优势十分明显。     

类胡萝卜素吸收研究进展

关于类胡萝卜素的吸收机制说法不一,目前体外培养的细胞模型被广泛用于类胡萝卜素的吸收研究。本文主要从细胞水平上讨论了类胡萝卜素的吸收研究进展,并详细讨论了类胡萝卜素吸收机制方面研究较多的选择性吸收及吸收过程中的相互影响。细胞对β-胡萝卜素的摄入和分泌表现出浓度依赖性、时间依赖性和饱和性;对不同类胡萝卜素的吸收表现出选择性;类胡萝卜素在吸收过程中表现出相互影响。上述研究结果表明,类胡萝卜素的吸收可能是一个有载体参与的易化运输过程。     

中西药抗鸡新城疫病毒的体外试验研究

应用细胞培养的方法观辑了40味中药和4种西药抗鸡新城疫病毒的体外活性。结果表明，40味中药中15味有一定的治疗效果，药物选择指数在2．29—13．3之间；18味有一定的预防效果，药物选择指数在2．21—69．4之间；4种西药中仅利巴韦林有治疗和预防效果，药物选择指数分别为433．3和343．7。     

盐胁迫对红豆草幼苗生长和离子积累及分配的影响

以3周龄红豆草(Onobrychis viciaefolia)幼苗为材料,研究了不同浓度(0、5、25、50、100和200mmol·L~(-1))NaCl及50mmol·L~(-1)处理不同时间(0、1、3、5、7和9d)对其生长和离子积累及分配的影响,以期解析红豆草响应盐胁迫的生理机制。结果表明,与对照(0mmol·L~(-1))相比,5、25和50 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl对红豆草幼苗生长影响不大;而100和200mmol·L~(-1)明显抑制其生长。随着盐浓度增加,红豆草地上部和根Na+浓度呈显著增加趋势(P0.05),其中50~200mmol·L~(-1)下,地上部Na+浓度较对照增加14~39倍。特别是200mmol·L~(-1)使根Na+净吸收速率较对照增加了35倍,使整株总Na+量和地上部Na+相对分配比例分别增加了93%和45%;而显著降低了根的K+、Na+选择性运输能力。在50mmol·L~(-1) NaCl下,随着处理时间延长,地上部和根Na+浓度也呈逐渐增加趋势,但根中的Na+到7d时达到最大,然后呈下降趋势;相反,K+浓度均呈缓慢下降趋势,且根中的浓度始终高于地上部。由此可见,在5~50mmol·L~(-1) NaCl下,红豆草通过维持其体内K+、Na+稳态平衡抵御盐胁迫;而在100和200 mmol·L~(-1)下,红豆草地上部积累大量Na+,但其叶片Na+区域化及K+选择性转运能力较弱,导致植株体内Na+、K+稳态紊乱,产生离子毒害,从而抑制其生长。     

渔用浮标定位监视系统

介绍了几种常用的渔用浮标定位监视系统的基本组成、工作原理及各自的特点。着重对GPS渔用浮标定位监视系统的模式及各组成部分的功能和设计的关键技术进行了讨论。采取适当方法解决关键技术后,使GPS渔用浮标定位系统具有较强的抗干扰能力和信息自动交换能力,特别适合在海洋中容易漂移的渔具、航行器等设备中作位置监视、搜寻之用。     

Interactions between fishing strategies of Nephrops trawlers in the Bay of Biscay and Norway lobster diel activity patterns

Abstract  Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus (L.), in the Bay of Biscay exhibited diel activity patterns with more individuals outside their burrows at dawn and dusk, increasing catchability at these times. Data from an on board observer programme on Nephrops trawlers between 2002 and 2005 were used to assess variability in catchability in commercial catches. Catch numbers per haul varied spatially and between months, but no signal for diel variations was found. Fishing strategies developed by the Nephrops trawlers had several components. On a seasonal level, they started around sunrise. On a haul level, haul duration decreased from haul to haul, with the longest hauls taking place at the time of the highest catchability. By-catch of hake, Merluccius merluccius (L.), increased more than proportionally with haul duration.     

Management challenges of small-scale fishing communities in a protected reef system of Veracruz, Gulf of Mexico

Abstract  Socioeconomic characterisation of fishing activities in the Veracruz Reef System National Park was used to develop a management system which balances the community's livelihood, and the conservation needs of the protected area. A survey was applied to four sectors of the fishing community: the fishers, fishers' wives, retailers and local population. The survey determined their perceptions about: (1) fishing as a lifestyle; (2) economic alternatives; (3) perspectives about the future; (4) environment; and (5) knowledge of the National Park as a protected area. Fishers devoted an average of 27 years fishing, investing an average of 12 h per day giving a regular income of 15–20 US$. Most interviewed (60%) were full-time fishers, with fishing the only family income source. Fishers are predominately educated to primary school level (64%).The main problem faced by fishers and the communities were economic opportunities but 89% believed that mariculture could be an alternative income source. There was strong ecological awareness, with 75% aware of the decline in fisheries resource and 62% knowing about the role of protected areas. There was divided opinion about future perspectives. Inefficient organisation and communication between authorities and fishers were identified as obstacles to co-management. Discussion on alternative incomes and a proposal involve fishers in co-management initiatives are presented.