茶多酚片治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的临床观察

按照多中心临床试验的原则评价了茶多酚片治疗慢性肾小球肾炎（肺肾气虚症）的有效性和安全性,采用多中心、分层区组随机、双盲双模拟、阳性药物（肾炎四味片）平行对照,观察病例240例,治疗组和对照组各120例,观察周期为8周。治疗8周后,茶多酚片组的疾病疗效、证候疗效、尿蛋白疗效和尿红蛋白疗效的愈显率分别为：35.0%、38.5%、49.6%和59.7%;同时有效率分别为：71.8%、86.1%、80.0%和72.6%,与对照组（肾炎四味片）组间比较均无统计学差异。实验过程中均未见不良反应及严重不良事件发生,茶多酚片组与肾炎四味片组受试者均评价为安全性1级。结果表明,茶多酚片是治疗慢性肾小球肾炎（肺肾气虚症）安全有效的药物,其疗效不低于肾炎四味片。     

中西医结合治疗慢性肾小球肾炎38例疗效观察

目的 观察中西医结合治疗慢性肾小球肾炎疗效。方法 76例患者随机分成治疗组和对照组各38例,对照组予西医常规治疗方法,治疗组在对照组基础上给予中药治疗,治疗3个月后观察24 h尿蛋白定量、尿红细胞数、血肌酐、血尿素氮变化情况。结果 治疗组总有效率92.1%,明显高于对照组65.8%（P<0.05）;治疗组治疗前后及治疗后与对照组比较,24 h尿蛋白定量、尿红细胞数有明显降低（P<0.01）;肌酐有明显降低（P<0.05）。结论 中西医结合治疗慢性肾小球肾炎有明显优势。     

水貂脑胞内原虫病肾小球病理形态学研究

用光学、电子显微镜和免疫组织学方法对6只患有脑胞内原虫病的水貂肾脏进行了研究。结果表明,脑胞内原虫感染可引起水貂系膜增生性肾小球肾炎,其发生与免疫复合物颗粒在肾小球基膜和系膜区的沉积有密切关系。     

DIAGNOSIS OF AORTIC THROMBOEMBOLISM IN TWO DOGS WITH RADIONUCLIDE ANGIOGRAPHY

Radionuclide angiography was used to document occlusion of the distal aorta by thromboemboli in two dogs. Findings were confirmed by necropsy. The location of the thrombus corresponded with the scintigraphic lesion. Information obtained by the radionuclide angiogram was instrumental in patient management. We suggest the use of radionuclide angiography as a quick, non-invasive alternative to contrast angiography in animals suspected of having aortic thromboembolism.     

刘新祥教授治疗水肿病的用药组方规律分析

目的 基于数据挖掘技术应用中医传承辅助系统软件分析刘新祥主任医师治疗水肿病的用药及组方规律。方法 收集整理刘新祥教授2013年1月-2018年12月治疗的120例水肿病人首次处方用药情况,基于数据挖掘技术运用“中医传承辅助平台（V2.5）”的关联规则、改进互信息法、复杂系统熵聚类等无监督数据方法挖掘刘新祥教授治疗水肿病用药组方规律。结果 对符合要求的120例水肿病患者首次处方进行分析,得出相关用药情况及药物间的关系。刘新祥教授治疗水肿病最常用的药物分别是：黄芪、甘草、山药、芡实、当归、丹参、党参、土茯苓、益母草、怀牛膝等;通过规则分析可知其用药时党参一般均与黄芪、甘草、山药、当归、丹参、芡实连用;并得到治疗水肿病新方：肉苁蓉、山茱萸、瓜蒌子、怀牛膝,芡实、白芍、山药、茯苓,地榆炭、阿胶、侧柏炭、蒲黄炭,丹参、生姜皮、冬瓜皮、益母草等11首。结论 刘新祥教授善于从脾肾双补角度用药,尤擅于健运脾土以治疗水肿病。     

Comparison of signalment, clinicopathologic findings, histologic diagnosis, and prognosis in dogs with glomerular disease with or without nephrotic syndrome

Background: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) develops most commonly in people with glomerular diseases associated with marked albuminuria. Hypernatremia, hypertension, and progressive renal failure are more prevalent in nephrotic than nonnephrotic human patients. Hypothesis/Objectives: Dogs with NS have higher serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and sodium concentrations, higher urine protein:creatinine ratios (UPC) and systolic blood pressure, and lower serum albumin concentrations than dogs with nonnephrotic glomerular disease (NNGD). NS is associated with membranous glomerulopathy and amyloidosis. Affected dogs are more likely to be azotemic and have shorter survival times. Animals: Two hundred and thirty‐four pet dogs (78 NS dogs, 156 NNGD dogs). Methods: Multicenter retrospective case‐control study comparing time‐matched NS and NNGD dogs. NS was defined as the concurrent presence of hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, proteinuria, and extravascular fluid accumulation. Signalment, clinicopathologic variables, histopathologic diagnoses, and survival time were compared between groups. Results: Age, serum albumin, chloride, calcium, phosphate, creatinine, and cholesterol concentrations, and UPC differed significantly between NS and NNGD dogs. Both groups were equally likely to be azotemic at time of diagnosis, and NS was not associated with histologic diagnosis. Median survival was significantly shorter for NS (12.5 days) versus NNGD dogs (104.5 days). When subgrouped based on serum creatinine (< or ≥1.5 mg/dL), survival of NS versus NNGD dogs was only significantly different in nonazotemic dogs (51 versus 605 days, respectively). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Presence of NS is associated with poorer prognosis in dogs with nonazotemic glomerular disease. Preventing development of NS is warranted; however, specific interventions were not evaluated in this study.     

An immune-complex glomerulonephritis of Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum)

Chinook salmon from New Zealand were shown to have a generalized membranous glomerulonephritis that was most severe in large fish. Marked thickening of the glomerular basement membrane was the most consistent lesion, with the presence of an electron-dense deposit beneath the capillary endothelium.Severely affected glomeruli also had expansion of the mesangium and loss of capillaries,synechiae of the visceral and parietal epithelium and mild fibrosis of Bowmans capsule. Chinook salmon from British Columbia, Canada with bacterial kidney disease caused by Renibacterium salmoninarum had similar histological lesions. They also had thickened glomerular basement membranes that were recognized by rabbit antiserum to rainbow trout immunoglobulin. This was true only when frozen sections of kidney were used and not formalin-fixed tissue. An attempt to experimentally produce a glomerulopathy in rainbow trout by repeated immunization with killed R. salmoninarum was not successful. Case records from the Fish Pathology Laboratory at the University of Guelph over a 10-year period revealed that a range of species were diagnosed with glomerulopathies similar to those seen in Chinook salmon. The majority of these cases were determined to have chronic inflammatory disease. This report has identified the presence of immunoglobulin within thickened basement membranes of Chinook salmon with glomerulonephritis and supports the existence of type III hypersensitivity in fish.     

Proliferative glomerulonephritis in experimental Leishmania donovani infection of the golden hamster

Extensive kidney involvement is reported in golden hamsters infected with Leishmania donovani. The lesion is characterised grossly by pale and enlarged kidneys, and histologically by thickening of the basal lamina of the glomerulus, distended convuluted tubules containing protein casts, constricted glomerular capillaries and infiltration of the interstitial tissues with mononuclear cells. Quantitative measurement of the glomerular cells labelled in vivo with tritiated thymidine showed a striking increase in the glomerular cell proliferation as the infection progressed. Using direct immunofluorescent technique, granular deposits of IgG, complement C₃ and fibrinogen were detected in the glomeruli of the infected animals. A positive protamine sulphate test, as well as histological evidence, showed that disseminated intravascular coagulation had occurred in the infection. Although the antigens have not been identified, antigen-antibody complexes are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of the proliferative glomerulonephritis observed in this study.